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EN
The main objective of the study was an attempt to search for the conditions affect the nature of supply chains for enterprises innovative activity within the regional industrial systems, and consequently determine the frame conditions for the model of regional innovation networks, taking into account the specificities of Poland. The study was based on a questionnaire on a group of 204 companies from warmińsko-mazurskie, 500 from małopolskie and 649 companies from Upper Silesia. The study used probity modeling. This method is an effective research tool for large, but the static tests in which the dependent variable has a qualitative character.
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EN
The aim of this paper is to present the European Union’s (EU) approach to Industry 4.0. In order to do this the term “four industrial revolutions” is defined first. The Industry 4.0 development has been made possible as a result of Internet and other ICT technologies which were developed in the late-20th and early-1st centuries and which are described here The concept of Industry 4.0 originated in Germany, where it brought a new way of organising industry. This idea has since spread around the world. To present the overview of Industry 4.0 in the EU the term “industry” is defined and its place within international classifications of economic activities shown. EU industrial policy is briefly described to make clear that industry is a subject of European competition law and, in fact, industry must cope with the transformation itself. However, there are many ways to support this process but mainly on three levels: national, regional and European. This is the subject of further discussion in this paper. European countries and regions are creating plans to foster the developments of this form of industry – something which is expected to increase industrial efficiency by around 30%. The EU is strongly supporting this process. So far the development of Industry 4.0 has been most advanced in Europe. The paper concludes with a brief comparison of developments with the US and China.
EN
This article presents the major roles of long distance bus transport that radiates from Addis Ababa to the hinterland. The purpose is to assess and identify the major roles of Long Distance Bus Transport in Addis Ababa. The methodology is focused on both primary and secondary sources. The primary informants, who were principally distinguished from the passengers, operators, and key government officials from the transport office, include the head of bus terminal and Association, and selected experts. In terms of analysis, the qualitative approach was used by applying a thick description of the issue. The findings revealed that the availability of towns comes mainly because of the routes which give access and distribution of road passenger transport. The LDB (Long Distance Bus) along the line has played a great role in the making of metropolitan linkage. The presence of these routes contributes more to the rise of urbanization and it has also played a role in the creation of towns and rural areas found around certain radius at the two sides of highways. Thus, it has a high probability for the expansion of urban sprawl and formation of conurbation in the future. The prescription for this study is to work with stakeholders to reduce the congestion of passengers in the terminals and the association also should serve the society 24/7 or 18/7.
EN
The article is an attempt to analyze the current situation and plans for the development of the nuclear industry in the Middle East after the failure in Fukushima. Next to the southern and eastern Asian countries nuclear power becomes a choice of countries of the Middle East region. Taking into account the significant gaps in economic and scientific potential, and the unstable political situation in the countries of the region – projects to build nuclear power stations seem to be a particularly complex challenge. The article analyzes the entered and planned investments and risks, which may arise in connection with the implementation of adopted plans.
EN
The main objective of this study was to look how the size of enterprises impacts the regional innovative activity of industrial systems. The study was based on a questionnaire on a group of 2638 companies in four selected regions: lubuskie voivodeship, mazowieckie voivodeship, małopolskie voivodeship and wielkopolskie voivodeship. During the studies method of logit modeling was used (probability theory). This method is an effective research tool for large but static tests in which the dependent variable is qualitative. The results of the study indicated that the size of the companies determinates their innovative activity in the Polish regions. However, this relationship was heterogeneous. According to the school of evolutionary situation varies depending on the level of economic development of studied regions.
PL
Celem pracy jest określenie wpływu odległości i typu relacji z konkurentem, dostawcą i odbiorcą na rodzaj podejmowanej działalności innowacyjnej przedsiębiorstw wysokiej techniki w Polsce. W pracy założono, że bliskie kontakty z konkurentem, dostawcą i odbiorcą funkcjonującym w niewielkiej odległości (lokalnie lub w regionie) sprzyjają podejmowaniu działalności innowacyjnej. Przeprowadzona analiza wykazała jednak, że współpraca z lokalnym lub regionalnym dostawcą i odbiorcą przyczynia się do zmniejszenia aktywności innowacyjnej, podczas gdy krajowy lub zagraniczny dostawca, odbiorca lub konkurent sprzyja jej podejmowaniu. Jednak największy pozytywny wpływ na stymulowanie aktywności innowacyjnej mają dostawcy, odbiorcy i konkurenci zagraniczni.
EN
The aim of this study is to determine the impact of proximity and type of relationship with supplier, competitor and customer on innovation activity of high technology manufacturing industries in Poland. It is assumed that the innovation activity of HT manufacturing industries in Poland is stimulated by good relations with competitor, supplier and customer operating locally. The scope of the survey relates to innovation among high-technology manufacturing industries in Poland, concerns innovation at the firm level and takes into account the diffusion to the „new to the company”. This study shows that the cooperation with a local or regional supplier or customer decreases the innovation activity whereas the cooperation with national or foreign supplier, customer or competitor positively influences on innovation activity.
EN
Over the last few years the local self-government of the Silesian Voivodship has undertaken a number of actions aimed at creation of systemic solutions to enable effective redevelopment of post-industrial areas so that they can start to perform new economic, public and natural functions. A failure to do so would definitely have negative impact on the local community and natural environment.
EN
The paper discusses the study of the evolution of trade and economic relations between Czechoslovakia and the Soviet Union in the period of 1990–1992, in the process of breakup and after the breakup of the bipolar international system. The relations between the USSR and Czechoslovakia held a prominent place in the foreign policy and foreign economic strategy of the Soviet Union. The breakup of the social community marked the end of the active cooperation of the two countries. This paper discusses the analysis of the state of mutual trade and cooperation in the areas of science and technology, reasons for a significant decrease of the trade economic relations of the USSR and Czech and Slovak Federal Republic in the period of 1990–1992, as well as the consequences for the both countries. Moreover, the objective of author was to familiarize contemporary Russian readers with a recent history of relations between the two countries, with a subjective estimation of the importance of mutual collaboration, and the generalization of both Czech and English-language materials discussing the relations of the Soviet Union and Czechoslovakia.
EN
The topic of the research focused on small towns in peripheral areas (that is, outside metropolitan areas) in 3 voivodships in northern Poland (Pomeranian, Varmian- -Masurian and West Pomeranian). The author argues that the industry development in small towns can be an important development factor of peripheral areas. The author identifies the development level of the town industrial function and analyses their correlations with some of the features of the towns and their surroundings. He characterizes also most important industry in towns where the level of industry development is the highest. He is also searching for an answer to the question about factors of industry development in researched towns. In many cases in which spatial factors are difficult to explain by their configuration, coincidence can be said to play an important role.
PL
W 1926 r. dokonał się w Polsce zamach stanu, zwany przewrotem majowym (na czele którego stał Józef Piłsudski), w wyniku czego sanacja zdobyła władzę. Wojewodą śląskim został Michał Grażyński, który rozpoczął proces polonizacji przemysłu pozostającego w rękach obcego kapitału. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie polityki śląskiej sanacji wobec wielkiego kapitału na Górnym Śląsku, należącego w dużej mierze do Niemców. W artykule zwrócono uwagę na specyfikę polityki śląskiej sanacji wobec obcego kapitału. Zdecydowanie większy radykalizm, w porównaniu z polityką rządu centralnego, miał swoje uzasadnienie w niekorzystnej dla Polski polityce niemieckich kapitalistów. Stanowisko śląskiej sanacji widoczne było nie tylko w konkretnym działaniu, ale również w licznych wystąpieniach, zgłaszanych postulatach i rezolucjach.(
EN
In 1926 made in Poland the may revolution, sanation (supporters of Józef Piłsudski) came to power. Silesian provincial governor became Michał Grażyński, who started the process of polonization the industry, still in most remaining in the hands of foreign capital. The main goal of this article is to show Silesian sanation policy to big capital in Upper Silesia, largely belong to Germans. Pay attention to specifics of the policy which characterized much greater radicalism compared to the central government policy. Radicalism was justified by the German capitalists policy, unfavorable for Polish. Position of Silesian sanation was visible in specific action, also in numerous speeches, reported demands and resolutions.
PL
Artykuł zawiera rozważania z zakresu kompleksowej analizy rozwoju krajowych systemów innowacji z uwzględnieniem procesów globalizacyjnych i działalności korporacji transnarodowych. Rozważania szczegółowe dotyczą specyfiki badań i rozwoju globalnego systemu innowacji oraz korzyści płynących z jego umiędzynarodowienia. Sformułowano szereg zaleceń mających na celu zwiększenie udziału Rosji w tym procesie umożliwiających uzyskanie lepszej pozycji Rosji w zakresie światowej przestrzeni gospodarczej high-tech.
EN
In a comprehensive analysis of the development of national systems of innovation in the context of globalization and the activities of TNCs and the implementation of research and development peculiarities of the global innovation system and the benefits of internationalization of research and innovation, as well as the recommendations for enhancing the participation of Russia in this process with the purpose of embedding the economy in the contours of the global high-tech world economic space.
PL
Celem artykułu jest zaprezentowanie potencjału produkcji przemysłowej Unii Europejskiej w kontekście przyjętej w 2012 r. strategii reindustrializacji. Analizy przeprowadzono z wykorzystaniem danych pochodzących z Eurostatu oraz Banku Światowego. Wyniki badań dowodzą, że zarówno pod względem udziału w tworzeniu PKB, jak i struktury zatrudnienia rola produkcji przemysłowej maleje. Rozwój i ożywienie produkcji przemysłowej w Unii stanowi zatem poważne wyzwanie i wymaga aktywnej polityki przemysłowej.
EN
The aim of the article is to show the potential of the EU industrial production in the context of adopted in 2012 reindustrialization strategy. Analyses were based on data from the Eurostat and the World Bank. The results show that both in terms of share in GDP and employment structure, the role of industrial production decreases. Therefore the development and revival of the industrial production in the EU is significant and requires an active industrial policy.
EN
In the period of open work markets in the European Union, and frequent migrations caused by search for employment it seems important to pay attention to experience gained due to the arrival of workers to the Upper Silesian work market as well as its results in the economic and social sphere. No state activity is able to defend the country from their consequences if so called "migration capacity" of the local community has expired. This "migratin capacity" of the local community defines the possibilities of the acceptance of assimilation of the newcomers without any social tensions as well as negative results in the eonomic and social sphere.
PL
W artykule badana jest za pomocą zestawu równań ekonometrycznych zależność między wielkością eksportu a liczbą robotów przemysłowych w wybranych krajach europejskich. Wykorzystano tu dostępne dane panelowe z okresu 2006-2018 obejmujące następujące kraje: Austria, Belgia, Czechy, Dania, Finlandia, Francja, Hiszpania, Holandia, Niemcy, Norwegia, Polska, Rumunia, Słowacja, Szwecja, Węgry, Włochy i Wielka Brytania. Artykuł jest unikalną analizą empiryczną w tym zakresie, ponieważ literatura na ten temat jest dość uboga. Wyniki analizy pokazują, że zależność pomiędzy liczbą stosowanych robotów przemysłowych a wielkością eksportu jest dodatnia. Można więc przypuszczać, że zastosowanie robotów przemysłowych przyczynia się do wzrostu eksportu, głównie poprzez obniżkę kosztów produkcji, która zwiększa konkurencyjność międzynarodową wyrobów przemysłowych. Dlatego politycy europejscy powinni wspierać wykorzystanie robotów w przemyśle i innych działach gospodarki. W ten sposób Europa może umocnić swą pozycję w handlu światowym i sprostać silnej konkurencji ze strony Chin, Stanów Zjednoczonych i Japonii.
EN
In this paper, the relationship between the volume of export and the number of industrial robots in the selected European countries is examined by using the simultaneous equation models. Panel data of Austria, Belgium, Czechia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, and the United Kingdom are used. The study covers the period of 2006-2018, for which the required data are available. The article is a unique empirical study related to the subject because the literature on this topic is quite scarce. According to the results of the analysis results, there is a positive relationship among the number of industrial robots used and the volume of exports. One can therefore assume that the use of industrial robots contributes to the growth of exports, mainly by the decrease of production costs which improves international competitiveness of industrial products. Therefore, European policymakers should support using robots in manufacturing and other sectors of the economy. In this way, Europe can strengthen its position in the world trade against strong competition from China, the United States, and Japan.
EN
Although the degree of internationalization (DOI) is currently a well know concept, it still remains underresearched. It is most frequently cited in terms of firm’s international process, but it is much less applied for other levels of analysis. In this article we aim to propose an index of outward DOI that could be used for industry internationalization. We try to replicate Sullivan’s methodology except for the weights of components that we base on a Delphi study among Polish managers. We rank 73 Polish industries according to a DOI index composed of four single measures.
PL
Mimo iż stopień internacjonalizacji (DOI) jest konceptem powszechnie znanym, wciąż rzadko się stosuje badania z jego wykorzystaniem w praktyce. Najczęściej wykorzystuje się go przy badaniu procesu internacjonalizacji przedsiębiorstw, jednak zdecydowanie rzadziej w przypadku rozważań nad innymi poziomami analizy (w tym branżowej). Celem niniejszej publikacji jest, opierając się na osiągnięciach Sullivana, stworzenie indeksu zewnętrznej internacjonalizacji branży. Wagi indeksu zostały przypisane na podstawie badania metodą delficką. Indeks ten został następnie wyliczony dla 73 branż polskiej gospodarki.
EN
The article is an attempt to characterize the methodology of multidisciplinary empirical research, designed and implemented within technical, exact, natural, social, and humanistic sciences. Three paradigms have been characterized: Education 4.0, Industry 4.0, and Society 5.0. The author’s attention was drawn to the need for a clear formulation of detailed concepts as well as their content and context. The types of possible empirical research and the methods and techniques used in them were presented, attention was also drawn to the importance of the model used in the research. It was considered necessary to disseminate methodological knowledge for the reliable execution of empirical research, allowing for its repeatability, verification, and evaluation.
PL
Celem artykułu jest wskazanie stopnia, w jakim wiedza jest transferowana od przedsiębiorstw, zarówno z Polski, jak i z zagranicy, do polskich uczelni. Badanie dokumentów patentowych należących do pięciu polskich uczelni pozwoliło sformułować kilka wniosków. Po pierwsze, 49,77% całkowitej wiedzy napływającej do polskich uczelni pochodzi od przedsiębiorstw, zaś 50,23% ze sfery nauki. Po drugie, z całkowitego strumienia wiedzy napływającej do polskich uczelni z sektora przemysłu jedynie 13,53% należy do polskich przedsiębiorstw, podczas gdy 86,47% do przedsiębiorstw zagranicznych. Po trzecie, spośród wiedzy należącej do zagranicznych przedsiębiorstw największe znaczenie dla wynalazczości polskich badaczy akademickich ma wiedza pochodząca ze Stanów Zjednoczonych. I w końcu, spośród zasobów polskiej wiedzy napływającej do polskich uczelni 40,94% pochodzi od przedsiębiorstw, zaś 59,06% ze sfery nauki.
EN
The purpose of this article is to show the degree in which knowledge is transferred from companies, both Polish and foreign, to Polish universities. A study of patent documents belonging to five Polish universities has allowed me to make several conclusions. Firstly, 49.77% of total knowledge flowing to Polish universities comes from companies and 50.34% comes from the area of science. Secondly, only 13.53% of the total stream of knowledge flowing to Polish universities from industry belongs to Polish companies, while 86.47% belongs to foreign ones. Thirdly, knowledge belonging to foreign companies which is the most important to inventions of Polish academic researchers is the knowledge coming from the United States. Lastly, 40.94% of Polish stock of knowledge flowing to Polish universities comes from enterprises and 59.06% comes from the area of science.
PL
Celem publikacji jest przegląd technologii biometrycznych oraz omówienie ich wykorzystania w przemyśle i bankowości. Przybliżę problematykę błędów, które występują w procesie zapisywania, uwierzytelniania i identyfikacji użytkowników. Nakreślę sposób, w jaki budowane są systemy biometryczne oraz z jakimi problemami, w aspekcie prawnym, spotykają się użytkownicy i dostawcy systemów.(fragment tekstu)
EN
The research was carried out as part of project No. POIG.01.04.00-12-106/12 - "Developing innovative integrated platform for the financial area ", hereinafter referred to as the Project, co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund, the Innovative Economy Operational Programme 2007-2013.The aim of the publication is an overview of biometric technologies and their use in industry and banking. I'll describe problems with errors which occur in the process of registration, authentication and users identification. I also outline the way of biometric system building and identify legal aspect problems of users and suppliers of the system.(original abstract)
EN
Outside metropolitan areas, regional differentiation under post-socialism is heavily influenced by the uneven distribution of industry. The core-periphery differences of service- and industry-based competitiveness underscore the relevance of reindustrialization policies, particularly under the economic crisis. These policies bear different implications across different time horizons, and can be understood as the development of advantageous investment locations to achieve re-specialization, as well as a strong local factor supply. With institutional weaknesses, the path-dependency of restructuring and the lack of domestic capital, there is a need for bridging institutions to articulate diffuse interests and undertake strategic intervention within the local economy.
EN
The article aims to identify trends in R&D activities of transnational corporations in 25 sectors. The analysis covered the top 1000 TNCs in terms of R&D investment in 2003-2015. The investigation confirmed the existence of varying trends between sectors, despite the overall marked increase in R&D investment. The study also determined the characteristics of geographical locations of the top five sectors, strongly dominated by US TNCs. In addition, four groups of sectors were identified depending on the R&D trends observed in the period under analysis. (original abstract)
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