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Propozycje modyfikacji mechanizmu wyznaczania kwot krajów członkowskich Międzynarodowego Funduszu Walutowego

100%

Jurek M.

Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics

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2009

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vol. 230

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issue 3

89-113

EN

The author proposes a series of changes that he says should be made to the rules for setting member state quotas and voting power in the International Monetary Fund (IMF). The paper opens with a description of the current mechanism for setting member state quotas and voting power. Under the current system, a member’s quota in the IMFdetermines the amount of its subscription, its voting weight, its access to IMF financing, and its allocation of Special Drawing Rights (SDRs). The United States has exclusive veto power. A member state cannot unilaterally increase its quota-increases must be approved by the Executive Board and are linked to formulas that include many variables such as the size of a country in the world economy. The author comes up with a proposal on how this mechanism could be modified. He provides an evaluation of how the suggested changes would impact the voting power of both developed and developing countries. On April 28, 2008, the IMF Board of Governors approved a reform of the institution’s governance. The reform was intended to modify the quota and voting share structure in order to enhance the participation and voice of emerging-market and developing countries, and realign members’ shares with their relative weight and role in the global economy. According to Jurek, while these modifications have increased the transparency of the process during which member country quotas are calculated, they have changed little when it comes to the voting power of developing and developed states. In particular, the new rules preserve the right of veto enjoyed by the United States, Jurek notes, a privilege that the U.S. has used on a number of occasions to block reforms designed to weaken its own position within the IMF.

2

Procesy globalizacji we współczesnej gospodarce światowej

88%

Sporek T.

Ekonomia XXI Wieku

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2015

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issue 1 (5)

47-67

EN

The globalization can mean both potential profits and new chances, but on the other hand, it can cause serious threats and huge challenges. A direction of its developments and prevention from its negative results depend on possibilities to influence this process by particular countries and groupings, including societies. It is obvious that the present shape of the globalization bears injustice, increases inequalities and threats, so it must be corrected to common favour. A question rises if facing the decrease of national countries influence on the global market mechanism and lack of other power controlling the global market (what some recognize the real threat to democracy), steering the globalization is possible. An answer seems to be positive, however, strengthening of multilateral cooperation between countries and their common efforts to influence factors shaping this process is necessary. First of all, a coordination of the global politics is needed, by creation institutions, which would deal with the regulations of particular matters and setting norms, as well as controlling their obedience on the whole world scale, which would lead to the increase of the rules clearance. Additionally the taken standards must come from regulations and international agreements. It is important, first of all, in the financial markets work. For sure, it is not possible to eliminate some negative aspects of globalization, but they can be weakend, thanks to common efforts.

3

Nationalism, Globalism, and the Challenges to Universal Dialogue

38%

Hicks S. V.

Dialogue and Universalism

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2019

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issue 1

17-36

EN

In this essay, I argue that the contemporary world scene is characterized by a growing sense of conflict, disorganization, and fragmentation of previous unities and alliances. I also argue that any serious attempt to address these issues would have to focus on the following broad areas of concern: (1) the challenge of global political instability; (2) the challenge of promoting a more positive approach to regionalism; (3) the challenge of global poverty and inequality; (4) the challenge of human displacement; and (5) the challenge of climate change and environmental degradation.

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1 Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics

1 Hicks S. V.

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Propozycje modyfikacji mechanizmu wyznaczania kwot krajów członkowskich Międzynarodowego Funduszu Walutowego

Procesy globalizacji we współczesnej gospodarce światowej

Nationalism, Globalism, and the Challenges to Universal Dialogue