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1

Faszyzm i jego rzymski mit

100%

Milewska M.

Konteksty - Polska Sztuka Ludowa

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2011

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vol. 65

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issue 2-3(293-294)

286-293

EN

The ideological stratum of Italian fascism was based on the myth of ancient Rome propagated by, i.a. excavations initiated on an extensive scale in Italy and abroad as well as the redesigning of Città Eterna, which was to emphasise its ancient greatness. The apogee of the Roman myth took place in 1936 when after the conquest of Ethiopia Italy was pronounced an Empire and Mussolini received the titles of its ”Founder”. The empire was, therefore, not a “myth of the past” but a ”myth of the future”. The fascists did not wish to be mere guardians of inherited tradition but the creators of a new civilisation, which was to encompass the whole of Europe. Ethiopia and later Albania were only the beginning of the reinstated Imperium Romanum. Already in 1925 Mussolini was obsessed with a Roman Mare nostrum – the Mediterranean comprehended as the internal lake of an empire stretching along all its shores. This idea was to compel him to take part in World War II, which brought conquests in North Africa, Yugoslavia and Greece. The concept of Romanità was supposed to not only expand fascist dominion but, first and foremost, to reach the heart of every Italian. Similarly to other totalitarian ideologues, fascism brought an anthropological revolution. In this case, however, ”new man” was not all that new, and the “New Italian” was cast directly from the bronze matrix of the ancient Roman.

2

Can Fascism Be Good for the Jews? The Response of the Yiddish Press in Poland to Italian Fascism (1922–39): A Research Reconnaissance

44%

Nalewajko-Kulikov J.

Acta Poloniae Historica

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2021

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vol. 123

187-214

PL

The article sets out to profile the results of preliminary research into the stances taken by two Warsaw Yiddish daily newspapers, Haynt and Der Moment, on the phenomenon of Italian fascism. These ranged from guarded and benevolent interest, and even a certain fascination, to categorical rejection, depending on the official stance of the fascist movement towards the Jews. The article discusses the initial ad hoc judgments on fascism made in the 1920s, opinions on Polish and Jewish emulators of Mussolini, with particular attention to Vladimir Jabotinsky and the Revisionist movement, and the opinions of Jewish political journalists on Mussolini’s volte-face regarding the Jews in the 1930s. A separate section is devoted to a series of 1938 reportage features showcasing the life of the Italian Jews in Fascist Italy.

3

Włoska Republika Socjalna jako przykład faszystowskiego bytu polityczno-wojskowego w latach 1943–1945

32%

Wichert W.

Pamięć i Sprawiedliwość

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2019

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issue 34

195-233

PL

Włoska Republika Socjalna (znana również jako Republika Salo) była marionetkowym państwem faszystowskim pod protektoratem III Rzeszy utworzonym w końcowych latach II wojny światowej. Z Benitem Mussolinim jako formalnym przywódcą RSI istniała od rozpoczęcia niemieckiej okupacji części Italii we wrześniu 1943 r. aż do kapitulacji Wehrmachtu w północnych Włoszech w końcu kwietnia 1945 r. Celem artykułu jest analiza polityki, propagandy, instytucji partyjnych i państwowych oraz różnorodnych formacji wojskowych i paramilitarnych RSI, które u boku sił niemieckich walczyły na froncie włoskim z aliantami. Ponadto przedstawiono zagadnienie tzw. włoskiej wojny domowej w tym okresie, brutalnego bratobójczego konfliktu, podczas którego ruch oporu (głownie komunistyczni partyzanci) wraz z armią włoską sprzymierzoną z aliantami walczył o wyzwolenie kraju z rąk państw Osi. Włoska Republika Socjalna funkcjonowała zaledwie 19 miesięcy, a mianowicie do 28 kwietnia 1945 r., kiedy partyzanci rozstrzelali Mussoliniego i kilku innych faszystów, gdy ci próbowali ocalić życie i zbiec z kraju.

EN

The Italian Social Republic (also known as Republic of Salo) was a fascist puppet state under the protection of the Third Reich that was created in the last years of World War II. With Benito Mussolini as the formal leader, it existed from the beginning of German occupation of Italy in September 1943 until the surrender of Wehrmacht in northern Italy by the end of April 1945. The aim of the article is to analyse the politics, propaganda, state and party institutions, as well as various military and paramilitary formations of the RSI, which fought along German troops against the allied forces on the Italian front. Furthermore, another mentioned subject will be that of the so-called Italian Civil War in that period, a brutal fratricidal conflict, in which the Italian Resistance (mostly communist partisans) and the Italian Co-Belligerent Army joined the allies in order to eventually defeat Axis forces and to liberate the country. The Italian Social Republic existed for slightly more than nineteen months, until on 28 April 1945 the partisans shot Mussolini and several other fascists while they were attempting to save their lives and escape from Italy.

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1 Acta Poloniae Historica

1 Konteksty - Polska Sztuka Ludowa

1 Pamięć i Sprawiedliwość

1 Milewska M.

1 Nalewajko-Kulikov J.

1 Wichert W.

1 2021

1 2019

1 2011

Faszyzm i jego rzymski mit

Can Fascism Be Good for the Jews? The Response of the Yiddish Press in Poland to Italian Fascism (1922–39): A Research Reconnaissance

Włoska Republika Socjalna jako przykład faszystowskiego bytu polityczno-wojskowego w latach 1943–1945