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EN
To begin with, in the paper we have mainly focused on the description of landscape in the selected works of Italian writers of the 19th and 20th centuries. Additionally, we compared the various styles of describing the scenery and simultaneously looked for common elements. Our analysis shows that the poetic descriptions are as different as literary heroes, descriptions which refl ect the human soul and the emotional state in various life situations. Visions full of joy and tenderness are found among ones that are nostalgic or ones that fi ll the reader with anxiety. Moreover, we tried to determine how much the form of a description of landscape depends on the different factors infl uencing the author.
PL
W niniejszym artykule skoncentrowałam się na opisie pejzażu w dziełach włoskiego pisarza Antonia Fogazzara. Porównałam opisy krajobrazów w kilku dziełach Fogazzara, szukałam elementów wspólnych oraz odniesień do życia autora, do jego uczuć i przeżyć. Analizowałam opisy poetyckie, które u Fogazzara są tak różne jak bohaterowie literaccy, opisy, które odzwierciedlają stan emocjonalny człowieka w różnych sytuacjach życiowych. Obrazy pełne radości i ciepła obok tych nostalgicznych lub budzących lęk. Starałam się odpowiedzieć na pytanie: jak bardzo forma opisu pejzażu zależy od innych czynników mających wpływ na autora?
PL
The aim of the article is to present the issue of reception of Ugo Foscolo’s works in Poland. A particular attention is paid to the multipart article in Kłosy from 1872 (No. 374–386) devoted to the Italian artist in connection with the transfer of the poet’s remains – many years after his death in England in 1827 – to the Basilica of Santa Croce in Florence in 1871. The paper discusses the strategies adopted in the description of elements of the poet’s biography, including a sentimental key related to the figure of Quirina Mocenni Magiotti, an economic key and a moralizing key. Emphasizing the experience of emigration and compulsory uprooting of the Italian poet from the family land places this special periodical return from beyond the grave in a new context determined by the situation in Poland and the resulting condition of artists forced to emigrate. The analysis also involves unique Polish translations of three of the most important Foscol’s sonnets (*** [Solcata ho fronte]; “In morte del fratello Giovanni”; “A Zacinto”) included within the frame of the article in Kłosy.
IT
The father figure in twentieth-century novels usually appears only as a part of the family. It is rare for a father to become the main protagonist of the book; he is frequently presented as an “addition” to the mother. Rightly or not, the father figure is, however, a symbol of authority and power in the family, hence writers have a tendency to present the parent-child relationships as difficult, bitter, and very, very complex. The situation is not much different in modern Italian literature, in which relationships with fathers during childhood are often a starting point for adult problems. In this article, I try to analyze this phenomenon on the basis of two novels written after 1950: Caro Michele by Natalia Ginzburg and Volevo i pantaloni by Lara Cardella.
EN
From the second half of the 20th century, the issue of women’s writing has been of considerable interest in literary studies, highlighting the need to know women as writers and as literary subjects, in order to understand female experience first-hand. This approach to written texts is based on two fundamental aspects of study: women as writers and the representation of women in the text. This has made it possible to examine how women are represented and what topics women writers prefer, for example, motherhood, a literary topos par excellence in Italian literature. Despite this, although motherhood is present in numerous works, the voices of actual mothers are largely absent: mothers and motherhood are in fact narrated from the point of view of daughters. In view of that, there are two main aims of this study: (1) to examine the possible reasons for the absence of the mother’s point of view and (2) to analyze some contemporary Italian literarature narrated by mothers themselves.
EN
In 1947, after the conclusion of the Resistance movement, the Italian writer Luigi Meneghello emigrated to England. At first, the English environment proved to be harsh, as he would admit years later in his autobiographical work, Il dispatrio (1993). It was a journey of initiation and break-up at the same time. Focusing on Il dispatrio, this essay aims to analyse the geographies of boundary, paying a particular attention on how the social and linguistic differences between Italy and England are filtered and expressed through a peculiar syntax of the space. All this leads to the possibility of reading Meneghello’s work as a crossing narration, by which writing attempts at mapping the movement of the protagonist from the margin to the centre.
EN
Starting from the myth, culture and society have always opposed the construction of a matriarchal line and a genealogy of women. The paper address the generational relationships between women, and focuses on three novel Italian Novecento women writers: Susanna Tamaro, Michela Murgia and Milena Agus. Tamaro, Murgia and Agus conform an atypical female genealogy in their novels, and propose new models of identity in opposition to the patriarchal system.
EN
The article is an overview of Polish translations of Italian literature published between 2000 and 2020. The presentation aims to capture the characteristic phenomena of the domestic market of translations from Italian to Polish in times dominated by capitalism and the new media. The author contemplates the role of the reviewer/literary critic in these new conditions, and asks whether reviewers/literary critics can still drive the readers’ choices and receptions, and shape their knowledge and awareness.
EN
The aim of the article is to reveal and analyse the allusions to contemporary Italy that appear in Stefano Benni’s writing. The study is based on three novels (La Compagnia dei Celestini, Elianto, Spiriti) in which readers can easily find and recognise various traits of today’s Italy hidden behind different names, such as Gladonia, Tristalia or Usitalia – traits so strongly rooted in reality that they cannot be ignored. The range of allusions to Italy is vast indeed: from politics to the city of Rimini, from passion for television, through consumption, to traffic jams. Additionally, the paper points out that these descriptions can be seen as chronicles of Italy; in fact, the analysis of Benni’s books displays changes which the country underwent over time, from the early Nineties to the New Millennium. Even if Benni draws the images of Italy which can sometimes seem distorted or exaggerated, they are always very close to reality. The article stresses the fact that what readers will find in Benni’s books are bitter but true descriptions of today’s Italy, with its problems and demons.
EN
The article focuses on the role of cultural and historical determinants that influence literary translation. The objects of analysis are selected translations of fragments of contemporary Italian fiction – novels by Natalia Ginzburg (Lessico famigliare) and Giuseppe Dessí (Paese d’ombre), and a short story by Beppe Fenoglio (23 giorni della città di Alba) – which were published in the 1970s in the Literatura na Świecie, a Polish literary magazine devoted to foreign literature. The analysis of the phenomenon of fragmentation of Italian literary prose, which occurred in the selected translations, makes it possible to observe the impact of the target culture of that time on the way in which foreign literature was presented to the target reader.
XX
The aim of the article is to collect and systematize the state of research on the life and work of Krzysztof Piekarski. The literary work of that 17th-century author, including Polish translations of Italian comedy dialogues and religious texts, so far has become an object of interest of only a few scholars. Cnoty cel nie ów, do którego zmierza Machiawell i inni w akademijej onegoż promowani politycy, based on a political treaty by a Spanish Jesuit Pedro de Ribandeira Tratado de la religion (Piekarski had used a Latin translation by a Jesuit Johannes Oranus) is regarded to be one of his most interesting translations. Researchers like Roman Pollak, Jadwiga Rytel and Henryk Barycz have made a preliminary diagnosis of the relations between the Spanish original and its translations into Latin and then Polish; they discussed its contents, considered the political factors which could have contributed to the popularity of the work in the First Polish Republic. They have also asked a series of questions which are still waiting to be answered. Their findings reveal a talented and active 17th-century writer, though still little known to literature historians, and allow to establish what is known about him and identify further research perspectives.
EN
Magdalena Śniedziewska’s book discusses a theme in Gustaw Herling-Grudziński’s works which has not been thoroughly researched, i.e. their relationship with Italian literature. This is how we discover Herling-Grudziński as a writer who is simultaneously a great literary criticwho looks eagerly and with both interest (sometimes) and passion at the work of such authors as Nicola Chiaromonte, Ignazio Silone, Alberto Moravia, Luigi Pirandello, Tomasi di Lampedusa and Leonardo Sciascia. The opening chapter of the book discusses Herling-Grudziński’s condition as an emigrant and the changes in his attitude to Naples which became his second home after World War II; the final chapter is about the Polish writer’s difficult relationship with Italian book market, reconstructing the story of the reception of Inny świat (A World Apart) in Italy.
PL
Autor dokonuje analizy rozpraw akademickich, w tym szczególnie biografii pisarzy, w których wyraźnie zarysowana rola badacza i jego doświadczenia lektury stają się istotnym elementem wywodu i wpływają na sposób funkcjonowania w nim opisywanych postaci. Analiza ta opiera się na książce Partigia. Una storia della Resistenza Sergia Luzzatta, w tym szczególnie funkcji, jaką w tej rozprawie zaprojektowanej jako dekonstrukcja mitologii włoskiego ruchu oporu pełni Primo Levi – centralna postać włoskiej powojennej kultury i fundament debat nad etycznymi wątkami wojennej i powojennej tożsamości. Osią wywodu jest teza mówiąca, że czytanie książek takich jak Partigia, tj. opowieści na temat pewnego doświadczenia ujętej w formę oscylującą między narracją akademicką i autobiograficzną, wymaga uwzględnienia szczególnego trybu funkcjonowania w nich elementów narracyjnych takich jak bohaterowie (postacie) tej opowieści. Ten tryb to swoiste ich „spłaszczenie”, umożliwiające wspólnotowy kontekst opisywanego (i odczytywanego) doświadczenia, w książce Luzzatta zachodzące pomimo deklarowanego przez autora zamiaru przywrócenia mu statusu odrębnego od unieruchamiającej struktury tekstowego świadka.
EN
The author analyzes research work of biographers and historians of literature who include themselves (their own experience of reading the past) in the narrative, thus influencing the way the object of their study is being presented. The analysis is based on the book by Sergio Luzzatto Partigia. Una storia della Resistenza designed as a deconstruction of basic myths founding the Italian memory of ‘La Resistenza,’ i.e. anti-fascist resistance movement. He focuses on the role of Primo Levi as the central figure of the Italian post-war memory and identity. The article is based on a thesis saying that books such as this, presenting an experience oscillating between an academic text and a quasi-autobiographical confession, demand inclusion of a specific modality of some of its narrative elements such as its protagonists. This specificity consists of their ‘flattening’ as a condition sine qua non enabling a communitary context of an experience as a communicable fact. This process occurs in Luzzatto’s book nevertheless the declared attempt to present Primo Levi as a living person (as opposed to a textual witness).
EN
The article shows how Italian literary reviews at the beginning of the 20th century have been influenced by Esotericism and Occultism. In the Italian literary reviews, between 19th and 20th century, appeared many articles and studies dealing with Spiritism, Esotericism an Irrationalism in general, due to the development of the Occult Sciences and Esotericism in Europe. In Italy, in particular, the above mentioned influence was a reaction against Positivism and Scientism. Also James’s, Nietzsche’s an Bergson’s philosophy played an important role in the cultural scenario where the literary reviews come from. The article focuses on several important Italian literary reviews like: Leonardo, La Voce, L’Italia Futurista etc. and shows with examples how these literary reviews have been influenced by esoteric culture.
EN
* The original article "Echi della letteratura italiana nell’ opera «Ill senso religioso» di don Luigi Giussani" was published in Roczniki Pedagogiczne, vol. 15, no. 1 (2023), pp. 155-168. This article analyses a less studied aspect of Don Luigi Giussani’s work, his style of writing and the method of analysis of the texts that the author knows and mentions in his works. Fr Giussani cannot be considered a literary critic, but his profound culture leads him to seek all those aspects of the literary work that he feels close to his own experience, and which best respond testify to the desires and fears of every man. Therefore, the contribution speaks of a meeting with the authors mentioned. The text mainly refers to the work The Religious Sense, while for the poets who are remembered, reference is made above all to Italian writers. We intend to make a comparison between what are some judgments expressed on the authors cited by modern and contemporary criticism in comparison with what Don Giussani affirms about these authors. In the text, an attempt has been made where possible to go back to the original texts.
PL
* Artykuł oryginalny w języku włoskim pt. „Echi della letteratura italiana nell’ opera «Ill senso religioso» di don Luigi Giussani” został opublikowany w Rocznikach Pedagogicznych 15(51) 2023, nr 1, s. 155-168 Niniejszy artykuł analizuje mniej zbadany aspekt twórczości księdza Luigiego Giussaniego, jego styl pisarski, a także metodę analizy tekstów, które autor zna i wspomina w swoich pracach. Ksiądz Giussani nie może być uważany za krytyka literackiego, ale jego głęboka kultura skłania go do poszukiwania tych wszystkich aspektów dzieła literackiego, które są bliskie jego własnemu doświadczeniu i najlepiej odpowiadają na pragnienia i lęki każdego człowieka. Dlatego w tekście mowa jest o spotkaniu z wymienionymi autorami. Tekst odnosi się przede wszystkim do Zmysłu religijnego, natomiast jeśli chodzi o przywołanych poetów nawiązuje się zwłaszcza do pisarzy włoskich. Naszym zamiarem było dokonanie porównania między niektórymi osądami wyrażanymi na temat autorów cytowanych przez nowoczesną i współczesną krytykę z tym, co ksiądz Giussani stwierdza o tych autorach. W tekście sięgnięto do oryginalnych tekstów tam, gdzie było to możliwe.
EN
The article analyses Francesco Pona’s biographic novel La Messalina. Pona on the one hand presents Messalina as a personification of lust, but on the other hand emphasizes her personality, as if he understands her behavior. We are under the impression that Francesco Pona’s Messalina chooses transgression not only in order to satisfy her own instincts, but especially because she wants to escape from a social role which she cannot accept and in which she cannot live, that is the role of the wife of Emperor Claudius.
17
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IT
Il testo presenta la recensione della monografia Il romanzo in Italia pubblicato nel 2018, a cura di Giancarlo Alfano e Francesco de Cristofaro. Il lavoro propone una prova di sistematizzazione delle informazioni riguardanti la tradizione italiana del genere che, attualmente, domina indiscutibilmente il mercato editoriale. La recensione descrive la struttura dei volumi, la metodologia adottata dagli autori, i loro obiettivi e il metodo della loro realizzazione. Attraverso l’analisi di questi elementi sarà possibile valutare se l’opera in questione potrà diventare in futuro un importante punto di rifermento per le ricerche riguardanti i romanzi italiani.
EN
The text is devoted to Giancarlo Alfano and Francesco de Cristofaro’s monograph Il roman­zo in Italia published in 2018. The work is an attempt to systematize the information about Italian tradition of the genre which nowadays unquestionably dominates the publishing market. Moreover, it describes the structure of the publication, metho­dological assumptions adopted by the authors, their objectives, and the way of their realisation. The analysis of these elements shows whether the work discussed can be an important point of reference for future academic works dedicated to Italian novels.
PL
Niniejszy artykuł analizuje mniej zbadany aspekt twórczości księdza Luigiego Giussaniego, jego styl pisarski, a także metodę analizy tekstów, które autor zna i wspomina w swoich pracach. Ksiądz Giussani nie może być uważany za krytyka literackiego, ale jego głęboka kultura skłania go do poszukiwania tych wszystkich aspektów dzieła literackiego, które są bliskie jego własnemu doświadczeniu i najlepiej odpowiadają na pragnienia i lęki każdego człowieka. Dlatego w tekście mowa jest o spotkaniu z wymienionymi autorami. Tekst odnosi się przede wszystkim do Zmysłu religijnego, natomiast jeśli chodzi o przywołanych poetów nawiązuje się zwłaszcza do pisarzy włoskich. Naszym zamiarem było dokonanie porównania między niektórymi osądami wyrażanymi na temat autorów cytowanych przez nowoczesną i współczesną krytykę z tym, co ksiądz Giussani stwierdza o tych autorach. W tekście sięgnięto do oryginalnych tekstów tam, gdzie było to możliwe.
EN
This article analyses a less studied aspect of Don Luigi Giussani’s work, his style of writing and the method of analysis of the texts that the author knows and mentions in his works. Fr Giussani cannot be considered a literary critic, but his profound culture leads him to seek all those aspects of the literary work that he feels close to his own experience, and which best respond testify to the desires and fears of every man. Therefore, the contribution speaks of a meeting with the authors mentioned. The text mainly refers to the work The Religious Sense, while for the poets who are remembered, reference is made above all to Italian writers. We intend to make a comparison between what are some judgments expressed on the authors cited by modern and contemporary criticism in comparison with what Don Giussani affirms about these authors. In the text, an attempt has been made where possible to go back to the original texts.
IT
Si analizza nel presente articolo un aspetto meno studiato dell’opera di Don Luigi Giussani, il suo stile di scrittura e anche il metodo di analisi dei testi che l’autore conosce e cita nelle proprie opere. Don Giussani non può essere considerato un critico letterario ma la sua profonda cultura lo porta a cercare tutti quegli aspetti dell’opera letteraria che egli sente vicino alla propria esperienza e che meglio rispondono testimoniano i desideri e le paure do ogni uomo. Per questo nel contributo si parla di incontro con gli autori ricordati. Nel testo si fa riferimento principalmente all’opera Il senso religioso, mentre per i poeti che vengono ricordati si fa riferimento soprattutto agli scrittori italiani. Si intende svolgere un paragone fra quelli che son alcuni giudizi espressi sugli autori citati dalla critica moderna e contemporanea a confronto con quanto afferma Don Giussani su questi autori. Nel testo si è cercato dove possibile di risalire ai testi originali
Świat i Słowo
|
2022
|
vol. 38
|
issue 1
289-303
EN
The article shows the results of the analysis of literary “trauma without trauma” concept by Daniele Giglioli, observed in prose pieces of Italian writer, Aldo Nove. The Autor of the paper explains the theory of the Italian literary scholar and searches for its reflection and its way of presenting in the newest Italian literature on the example of Nove’s stories: Ruanda and Vermicino from the collection Superwoobinda (1998) and Il giorno più bello della mia vita from Anteprima mondiale (2016). The aim of the examination is to respond to the question, what, according to the writer, is the trauma of the contemporary society and in which way is it presented in the contemporary literature.
PL
„Kwestia południowa” jako zespół problemów spowodowanych ostrym zacofaniem gospodarczym, społecznym i kulturowym południowych regionów Włoch stała się jednym z głównych tematów literatury włoskiego weryzmu końca XIX w. Problem ten, nie do końca rozwiązany, pojawia się ponownie w literaturze neorealizmu w twórczości Francesco Giovine, Rocco Scotellaro, Leonardo Shacha i innych. Artykuł jest próbą historyczno-antropologicznej i literackiej analizy powieści Karla Leviego: przedstawiono wyniki wszechstronnej analizy autorskiej koncepcji świata i człowieka; ukazane są główne zasady i metody artystyczne ucieleśnienia problemów społecznych i gospodarczych południowych Włoch w kontekście literatury neorealistycznej; Zaprezentowano ideowo-artystyczną innowacyjność Leviego oraz oryginalność autorskiego rozwiązania „kwestii południa” za pomocą estetycznego wyrazu rzeczywistości.
BE
“Паўднёвае пытанне” як комплекс праблем, абумоўленых рэзкай эканамічнай, сацыяльнай і культурнай адсталасцю паўднёвых абласцей Італіі, стаў адной з цэнтральных тэм у літаратуры італьянскага верызму канца ХIХ ст. Так і не стаўшы да канца вырашанай, гэтая праблема зноў паўстае ў літаратуры неарэалізму ў працах Франчэска Джовіне, Рока Скотэларо, Леанарда Шаша і інш. Артыкул уяўляе сабой спробу гісторыка-антрапалагічнага і літаратуразнаўчага аналізу рамана Карла Леві: прыведзены вынікі комплекснага аналізу аўтарскай канцэпцыі свету і чалавека; выяўлены асноўныя мастацкія прынцыпы і прыёмы ўвасаблення сацыяльных і эканамічных праблем Паўднёвай Італіі ў кантэксце літаратуры неарэалізму; прадстаўлена ідэйна-мастацкае наватарства К. Леві і своеасаблівасць рашэння аўтарам “паўднёвага пытання” сродкамі эстэтычнага выказвання рэальнасці.
EN
In the late 19th century “The Southern question” as a complex of problems caused by the sharp economic, social and cultural backwardness of the southern Italian regions, became one of the central themes in the literature of Italian verism. As being not resolved till the end, this problem appears again in the literature of neorealism in the works of Francesco Jovine, Rocco Scotellaro, Leonardo Sciascia and others. European reader is familiar with this problem first of all in the connection with the novel “Christ stopped at Eboli” by Carlo Levi that was translated and published in 1955. This article represents itself the attempt of historical-anthropological interpretation of the novel by Levi: the results of author's complex conception of the world and human are given; the main stylistic principles and devices of South Italy social and economical problems realization in the context of the literature of neorealism are revealed; Levi's conceptual-stylistic innovation and his conception of “The Southern question” solution by means of fiction literature are represented.
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