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EN
The article analyzes two literary treatises on the city: Sny i kamienie (Dreams and stones) by Magdalena Tulli and Invisible Cities by Italo Calvino. The authors of the presented texts are strongly associated with Italian culture, although their Italian origin is not the only element making up their writer identity. The similarities between the writers are not limited to the biographies marked by “Italianness” and the themes of the works analyzed here, whose subject is creating a description of the city. One can discern parallels most of all in the manner of the linguistic creation of space. Following the interpretation path marked out by Vladimir Toporov, the author of this paper presents a comparative analysis of three elements: the founding myth, the name and the morphology of the city, which is supposed to confirm the author’s thesis about the similar manner of creating a literary image of the city by Magdalena Tulli and Italo Calvino.
PL
Autor porównuje dwie edycje Snów i kamieni Magdaleny Tulli w kontekście Niewidzialnych miast Italo Calvino i urbanologii. Tekst poddaje analizie różnice między edycjami i stanowi próbę zrozumienia genezy modyfikacji powieści dokonanych przez autorkę. Zmiany te niekiedy ujawniają a niekiedy utrudniają dostrzeżenie źródeł myślenia powieściopisarki, czyli refleksji o miejskości. Sny i kamienie to powieść stanowiąca zapis doświadczenia modernistycznej transformacji dwóch miast: Warszawy i Mediolanu. Lektura Snów i kamieni sprawia trudności na wielu poziomach: po pierwsze, z powodu traktatowej stylizacji i przyjęcia przez narratora roli bezkrytycznego piewcy ładu urbanistycznego, po drugie zaś w obliczu zatartych śladów kontaminacji wielu doświadczeń: warszawskiego, mediolańskiego, czytelniczego, po trzecie z powodu braku w kulturze polskiej wcześniejszych tradycji tego typu tekstu prozatorskiego o mieście. Esej stanowi próbę rekonstrukcji możliwych kontekstów powieści i ich wpływów na zmiany wprowadzone przez autorkę do nowszych edycji.
EN
The author offers a juxtaposition of two editions of Sny i kamienie [Dreams and Stones] by Magdalena Tulli in the context of Italo Calvino’s Invisible Cities and urbanology. In the text he analyses the differences between the editions and discusses the origins of the modifications of the novel implemented by the writer. Those modifications sometimes facilitate while other times hinder the identification of the sources of her thinking, i.e., her reflection on urbanity. Sny i kamienie is a novel that constitutes a record of the experiences of the modernist transformation of two cities, Warsaw and Milan. The reading of Sny i kamienie is difficult at several levels: firstly, due to its treatise-like style and the narrator’s role of a seemingly uncritical eulogist of the urban planning order; secondly, due to a blurring of the traces of contaminations of various experiences: of Warsaw, of Milan, and that of a reader; and thirdly, due to a lack in Polish culture of any traditions of this type of prose text devoted to the city. The essay constitutes an attempt at reconstructing the possible contexts of the novel and how they influenced the alterations implemented by the writer in the more recent edition.
PL
This article presents two aspects of showing the power of literature. Orhan Pamuk, a Turkish Nobel prize winner, in his book New life is more focused on the content of the novel. Main characters of the story are entirely devoted to one book that totally changes their lives. Italo Calvino is more focused on the structure. His characters take part in a great adventure just to find the end of the story that they are interested in. The main goal of this article is to show differences and similarities in showing the same literary issue. Italo Calvino's novel is more optimistic and positive. Literature has good influence on his characters. On the other side, Orhan Pamuk's novel shows a destructive side of literature. Characters in his book seem to be defeated from the very beginning. Those two books show in a very good way the difference between European optimism and Oriental, especially Turkish, sentimentality, which in Turkish language has its own name – hüzün. It can be translated as 'blues, sadness, spleen'.Both novels present the power of literature and its influence on readers.
EN
This article presents an analysis of the complex relation between the spatial and narrative aspects of human identity as seen in Italo Calvino's novel Invisible Cities. The cities described in the novel exemplify the crisis of the tamed and objectified narrative space which serves as the basis of human existence. This process comprises: the contestation of history (the relation between space and the linear time), the contestation of narrative (the human ability to imbue space with meaning) and, lastly, the contestation of the identity (the ability to build an identity based on domesticated space).
EN
The simulacre lightness of being – aestheticization in documentary photography The starting point for analyzing aestheticization processes in contemporary documentary photography in this text are both the “poetic” images of lightness in literature and culture analyzed in a lecture by Italo Calvino (Six Memos for the Next Millennium) and the critical thought of Wolfgang Welsch on intentional aestheticization processes in the real world. According to Welsch, these processes, through specific procedures of “lavishing lightness”, cease to be a binding image of the world and become part of a culture game (Grenzgange der Asthetik). Examples selected for analysis include award-winning documentary photography, including war photography, represented by the work of Georges Merillon, Sebastiao Salgado, Luc Delahaye, Simon Norfolk and Tim Hetherington. These ‘aestheticization procedures’ are outlined in this text in the context of the history of photography perceived as its “struggle” for a place in the history of art, as well as in the context of the theoretical considerations which accompany these processes.
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