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1
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COLLABORATION OF ADAM ADAMANDY KOCHANSKI WITH JAN HEWELIUSZ

100%
Lisiak B.
Analecta. Studia i Materiały z Dziejów Nauki
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2005
|
vol. 14
|
issue 1-2(27-28)
85-97
EN
Adam Adamandy Kochanski (1631-1700) was known as a mathematician, astronomer, philosopher, philologist, and constructor of clocs and other machines. He graduated in philosophy from Molsheim (1655-1657) and began to lecture at the university in Mainz (1657-1664); later on he became a lecturer in mathematics in Bamberg (1665-1666) and in Florence (1666-1670). From 1670 he taught mathematics in the Jesuit province of Bohemia, first at Prague University (1670-1672), then in Olomouc (1672-1675), and later at the college in Wroclaw (1675-1679). As requested by King Jan III Sobieski, towards the end of 1679 he arrived in Warsaw, where he continued to lecture on mathematics and educated Sobieski's son, Jakub. From 1683 to 1690 he was employed in Gdansk as a royal librarian, where he collaborated also with the astronomer Jan Heweliusz (1611-1687). On his return to Warsaw in 1690, he took over the supervision of the royal library. He died in May 1700 in Teplice (Bohemia). Thirty four letters from the years 1677-1687 rested in physical and astronomical topics: rectilinear motion, geomagnetism and magnetic declination, the impact of forces that operate during the Earth's revolution around its axis, and attemps to calculate the distance between the Earth and the Sun. He also tried to confirm the validity of the Copernican system.
2

Maximilianus Wietrowsky SJ - životní osudy v zrcadle dobových pramenů a přehled literární tvorby

100%
Bockova A.
Listy filologické (Folia philologica)
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2009
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vol. 132
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issue 1-2
136-165
EN
A handful of sources have enabled us to get acquainted with the personality of the baroque Jesuit historian Maximilianus Wietrowsky: elogium, a sort of an obituary, which was written in monastic houses after a college member's death and sent (as a part of the annual report) to the directorate general in Rome; catalogi triennales, in which the college principals would (at roughly three-year intervals) provide reports on their wards; catalogi breves, annual directories informing of the ward's currently held position; and, most importantly, the correspondence of the order, Epistolae generalium, i.e. the concepts of letters sent from the directorate general to individual members of the order. Maximilianus Wietrowsky (1660-1737) entered the Jesuit order in 1677. After completing his studies he taught at inferior schools (humaniora) and later lectured in philosophy and theology at Prague and Olomouc universities. After that, he served as a rector of the Prague New Town College and also as the superior of the Svata Hora residence and the Dresden mission. In 1718 he became confessor to the Prague archbishop and assessor of the Prague consistory, where he would continue to work until his death. In his literary works he was mainly concerned with the history of the Church; he used his pedagogical experience in both theological and philosophical publications and acquired the most favourable response with the canonisation treatise Historia de vita S. Joannis Nepomuceni, whose authorship is verified - among others - in this work.
3
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A nostro domestico – o anonymitě jezuitských umělců v písemných pramenech

100%
Oulíková P.
Folia historica Bohemica
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2011
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vol. 26
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issue 2
417-435
EN
The article comments on documents written by the Jesuits and their testifying value for the history of fine art, particularly in understanding artistic and handicraft activities of the Society of Jesus. This order excelled in an exceptionally large number of artists such as builders, painters, sculptors, wood-carvers or organ makers.
4
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Epistolae Generalium ad Nostros – řádová korespondence jako biografický pramen

100%
Bočková A.
Folia historica Bohemica
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2011
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vol. 26
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issue 2
403-416
EN
The article analyses Epistolae Generalium ad Nostros, Jesuit correspondence within the Order extant in the Archivum Romanum Societatis Iesu representing a general’s letters to superiors of individual provinces and the common members of the Society. On an example of a Jesuit historian Maximilianus Wietrowsky, it shows what bio-bibliographic information can be obtained for compiling a biography of a particular Jesuit.
5
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NÁČRT DEJÍN BAROKOVEJ ŠKOLSKEJ HRY SPOLOČNOSTI JEŽIŠOVEJ V PREŠOVE II.

100%
Makky L.
ESPES
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2013
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vol. 2
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issue 2
51 – 60
EN
The aim of the author ́s paper is the issue of the history of Jesuit school theatre, that was developing during the years 1673 to 1773 in the highly protestant environment in the one of the most important reformation centres in Upper Hungary, namely in the independent royal city Prešov. The paper is focus on the history of Jesuit school play in Prešov in background history of Lutheran college in Prešov, that mostly in its first historical stage (1666 – 1711) reflected stormy struggle between Hungarian Habsburg absolutism and the estates company, that is mainly the struggle between catholic and protestant church. Immanent part of the paper is differentiation of one hundred and twenty Jesuit school plays according to individual periods of development of baroque – dramatic theatre production of Jesuits in the city of Prešov and its characterization along the lines of historical records of Jesuit chroniclers as well.
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HANDKE'S SKETCH IN THE STRAHOV PICTURE GALLERY AND THE PAINTING IN THE OLOMOUC CORPUS CHRISTI CHAPEL

100%
Madl M.
Umění (Art)
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2006
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vol. 54
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issue 6
504-512
EN
The article sheds light on the subject and attribution of the sketch in the collection of the Royal Canonry of Premonstratensians at Strahov (oil, canvas, 100 x 70 cm, exhibited at the National Gallery in Prague). For a long time, the sketch was considered to be the work of Václav Vavrinec Reiner. It is, however, a ricordo connected with the painting decoration of the Corpus Christi Chapel, which is part of the former imperial boarding school in Olomouc. The painting decoration of the chapel was executed in 1728 by the Olomouc painter Jan Krystof Handke (1694-1774), who also produced the sketch. The painting represents the celebration of the Blessed Sacrament and a motif from the legend of the miraculous victory of Jaroslav of Sternberk over the Tartars in the battle at Olomouc. As has already been noted, the Jesuits helped to popularise the legend; they also added to it the motif of the miracle of the Eucharist. Yet it seems that it was Spanish members of the Olomouc college of the Society of Jesus who, as early as 1600, adapted the Eucharist motif of the medieval legend from the Aragon city of Daroca to the Olomouc setting. They thus clearly hoped to incorporate the Moravian legend into the context of other Eucharistic miracles, which occurred around the middle of the 13th century in various remote locations in Europe and which led to the establishment of Corpus Christi Day in 1264. The choice of motif for the decoration of the chapel, emphasising the importance of holy communion, also celebrates chivalrous honour and valour. It may have been influenced by the contemporary debate about the future of the Jesuit boarding school, which was waged in Olomouc in the 1720s, in connection with the founding of the new academy of the Estates.
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Prima principia linguae Bohemicae – stručná mluvnička češtiny ze 17. století

100%
Vintr J.
Naše řeč (Our Speech)
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2010
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vol. 93
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issue 4-5
248-252
EN
In addition to the Jesuit grammars of Czech by J. Drachovius (Olomouc, 1660), J. Konstanc (Prague, 1667) and M. V. Steyer (Prague, 1668), the anonymous concise grammar book Prima principia linguae Bohemicae (approx. 1678) was also published at the Jesuit printing office in Prague. On 48 pages, it contains the basic rules of Czech orthography and the nominal and verbal paradigms. The majority of the paradigms and the orthography rules correspond to those in the handbook by M. V. Steyer, who probably is also the author of Prima principia. The book's description of the main traits of what was at that time the higher standard bears witness to its stabilized form and continuity not only up until the end of the 18th century, which is reflected by its reprint in 1783, but also in the long term. If we compare the phonological formation and the paradigms of this higher variety of Middle Czech with the forms of the present-day standard, we do not find any essential differences.
8

ANTONIO POSSEVINO (SJ) AND HIS TREATISE 'CULTURA INGENIORUM' (1598) ON EDUCATING YOUNG PEOPLE AWAY FROM PROHIBITED BOOKS (Antonio Possewino (SJ) i jego rozprawa pt. Cultura ingeniorum (1598) o wychowywaniu mlodziezy z dala od druków zakazanych)

100%
Drozdz A.
Roczniki Biblioteczne
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2010
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vol. 54
3-23
EN
St Ignatius' noble aim to encourage pupils at Jesuit schools - by stimulating their interest in learning - to look for the highest values was circumscribed by so many restrictions that in the late 16th century scholarly curiosity was rejected in favour of the virtue of discipline and obedience to the superiors. This tendency was reflected in a little treatise by Antonio Possevino (SJ), Cultura ingeniorum, and in Biblioteca selecta (1593) of which the former was an integral part. The author of the present article brings back the figure of Antonio Possevino and presents his views on reading and on compiling library collections. Possevino called for books read by pupils to be limited only to those that complied with the Catholic faith and the needs of the post-Tridentine Church. His work was marked by religious zeal, erudition and logical argumentation, which is why it became useful for teachers at Jesuit colleges.
9

Papieski legat na dworze cesarza Chin. Fragmenty z Acta Pekinensia

100%
Miazek-Męczyńska M.
Symbolae Philologorum Posnaniensium Graecae et Latinae
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2010
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vol. 20
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issue 1
43-53
EN
In this article the author presents a history of the papal legation of Charles Maillard de Tournon to the court of the Kangxi Emperor, which was one of the most important and dramatic episode of so called Chinese Rites Controversy. This legation has been described by a German Jesuit Bernhard Kilian Stumpf in a Latin manuscript entitled Acta Pekinensia.
10
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Litterae annuae provinciae Bohemiae (1623-1755)

100%
Bobková-Valentová K.
Folia historica Bohemica
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2010
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vol. 25
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issue 1
23-49
EN
The essay outlines the process of emergence and evolution of the Jesuit litterae annuae, i.e. annual reports applied by the Society of Jesus. They represent an important source of knowledge on the order’s activities and forms of its self-presentation. The essay concentrates on the structure of these texts, methods of their writing and their reception. It pays great attention to the distribution of annual reports within the Bohemian jesuit province. The study is based on an analysis of manuscripts preserved in the Czech Republic (NK ČR), the Austrian National Library (ÖNB) and the Rome Archive of the Society of Jesus (ARSI). There is a register which facilitates orientation in the preserved copies.
11
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Jak vytvořit životopis jezuity. Přehled řádových evidenčních pramenů, jejich dochování, dostupnost a vypovídací hodnota

100%
Bobková-Valentová K.
Folia historica Bohemica
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2011
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vol. 26
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issue 2
365-402
EN
The essay outlines personal records kept by the Jesuit order for its internal needs, characterises them, explains their reference value and provides the researcher with a methodological guideline in creating biographies of varied orientation and level of detail.
12
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Slavatova obrana jezuitského řádu a jeho představy o konfesijním uspořádání Čech z počátku dvacátých let 17. století

100%
Hrdlicka J.
Folia historica Bohemica
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2008
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issue 23
225-248
EN
When the Estates Government took power in Bohemia after the Prague Defenestration in May 1618, one of its first steps was the expulsion of the Jesuit order from the country in early June. This act provoked a polemical reaction not only from the Jesuits, but also from other authors who sought to vindicate the more than sixty-year-long presence of the order in the Bohemian Kingdom. In the early 1620's, an important Bohemian Catholic nobleman, Vilem Slavata, became one of these apologists for the Jesuits. Although he was initially a member of the Unity of Brethren, Slavata converted to the Catholic Church in 1597. At the beginning of the 17th century, he became one of the most significant supporters of the Catholic Church in the Bohemian Lands and thus an archenemy of the Protestant estate leaders. As a hated royal governor, he became one of the victims of the Prague Defenestration in May 1618. In 1619, he managed to escape from his house arrest to Passau, the centre of noble Catholic emigration. While staying in Passau in 1621-1622, he formulated plans for improving religious and political conditions in the kingdom. He also dedicated himself to writing an extensive manuscript which, as a polemical response to the 1618 apology of the Evangelical estates, was intended to defend the work of the Jesuit order in the country. Manuscript also reveals Slavata's opinions about the confessional situation in the kingdom. He blamed the Calvinist church, and especially the Unity of Brethren, for radicalizing the situation before the Battle of White Mountain. In Slavata's view, the Unity of Brethren was the main source of religious intolerance in the land and the cause of all the hardship brought about by the Estates Uprising of 1618-1620. He vigorously rejected religious freedom, which was 'harmful and venomous', hindered salvation of the soul, and disrupted general tranquility. He also found evidence for the impossibility of religious freedom in the Holy Roman Empire, where the Peace of Augsburg principle of 'cuius regio, eius religio' applied. In his opinion, the Bohemian Kingdom should renew its obedience to the monarchy and the papacy and return to the religious arrangement of the past, when there was only one church, which had, according to 'old Czech' tradition, two parts distinguished only by their communion service. Slavata's ideas correspond somewhat to proposals in the early 20's that envisioned the possible coexistence of the Catholic and Utraquist churches, of course with Catholics in the leading role. However, Slavata was not concerned with the practical details of this possible coexistence; his argumentation was predominantly historical. He entrusted the key role in improving the confessional situation to the Jesuits, who in his opinion, were predestined to return the country to the Catholic faith and lead it back to the papacy.
13
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UMENIE VERZUS SKUTOČNOSŤ V BAROKOVEJ JEZUITSKEJ ŠKOLSKEJ DRÁME ŠVEHLA

88%
Kopas L.
ESPES
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2016
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vol. 5
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issue 2
6 – 12
EN
The object of the paper is a reflexion of Aristotle ́s concept of mimesis as an artistic imitation of reality in Baroque Jesuit tragedy of Trnava provenance called Švehla. The author aims to demonstrate how the personality of Ján Švehla is artistically captured in concerned school drama in historical context. It is based on comparison of Latin periochis of tragedy Švehla and available historiographical period source – the historical source text from the thirty first Bonfini ́s Decades of Hungarian History.
14

“DELUDAT OCULOS”. DIE DECORATION DER JESUITENKIRCHE ZU SZÉKESFEHÉRVÁR

88%
Jernyei-Kiss J.
ARS
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2014
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vol. 47
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issue 1
51 – 61
EN
The Jesuit Church in Székesfehérvár was ordained in 1756. The man, who significantly influenced its construction and the creation of interior decoration, was father Anton Vanossi, who lived in Vienna as deputy of the superior general of the Austrian Province of the Jesuits. The individual scenes follow a hierarchy, whereby the system presents a conscious strategy of the Jesuits, who tried to depict multiple levels or grades of contemplation to the believers. The paper analyses the question of how and whether can be connected the aesthetic and religious experience in the perception of a painted defined sacred space.
15

MUSIC AS A VEHICLE FOR CONQUERING SPACE IN JESUIT NYSA AND ITS NEIGHBOURHOODS

88%
Jeż T.
Musicologica Slovaca
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2021
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vol. 12 (38)
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issue 1
42 – 52
EN
The presence of the Jesuits in the artistic culture of the early modern era has been defined as a mission and an accommodation to the “people, times, and places”. Music, considered as a spatial phenomenon, had an important function in this mission, mostly due to its rhetorical qualities. Based on the example of Nysa/Neisse, the author shows how music influenced the social space of the local community and affected their sense of security and identity describing the way space was conquered by music reshaping the town’s microcosm and its neighbourhoods.
16

BAROCKE KONZEPTE, ENTWŰRFE UND BESCHREIBUNGEN VON WANDMALEREINEN IN DEN JESUITENKIRCHEN UND – KOLLEGIEN DER BӦHMISCHEN JESUITENPROVINZ

88%
Oulíková P.
ARS
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2014
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vol. 47
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issue 1
16 – 26
EN
The typical conceptualisation of baroque art was evident even in the art of the Jesuit order. The most famous and first theologically coherent program of temple decoration was realized in the mother church of Il Gesù in Rome. The decoration programs of other order churches, e.g. the first program of the St. Ignatius church in Prague's New Town were designed also equally consistently. The pre-phase of creating wall paintings in Jesuit buildings wasn’t different from other sacral or profane realizations. The suitable theme, iconographic-iconological concept, was generally created by the sponsor or his artistic advisors. The specific source of the Jesuit order is the annual reports, or Litterae annuae. In them, although usually appear only information about completing the painting by "skilled brush", or that the work was made by an artist, but despite of this, the annual report may be the only source of information on works already extinct.
17

ILUKSTE CATHOLIC CHURCH AND THE DUCHY OF COURLAND AND SEMIGALLIA: THE CONTEXT OF POLITICAL HISTORY (Ilukstes katolu baznica Kurzemes-Zemgales hercogistes politiskas vestures konteksta)

75%
Ogle K.
Materiali Latvijas makslas vesturei
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2006
|
vol. 5
24-38
EN
In order to know and understand a particular work of art, it seems important not just to study close-ups but also to consider the monument in a wider context of cultural history. Especially in cases when visual information is restricted for a number of reasons, groups of secondary sources whose links with the concrete artwork seem provisional at first can provide invaluable references and explanations. IIukste Catholic Church is an excellent example of an unfairly forgotten, outstanding artistic monument that deserves to be brought to attention, standing out with its great significance in both local and global art-historical context. The building was destroyed during World War I; therefore the role of different sources, including those of political history, are very helpful in the study of this monument. Research has demonstrated that events of political and cultural life have been very closely intertwined in the history of this monument, both determining and commenting various processes. Firstly, one should note that appearance of a Roman Catholic centre of such a scale in the Duchy of Courland and Semigallia is a noteworthy event, resulting from political decisions. As is known, at first the Duchy of Courland was markedly Protestant in its orientation and the rights of Catholics and options to practice their rites were severely restricted. Significant changes were brought in legislation by the Courland regulations of 1617 that defended Catholics' freedom of faith. Although legalisation of Catholicism in Courland was a political decision and the Polish government had a major role in the process of re-catholisation, local landlords' initiatives were very important, supporting Catholic faith with their money and activities. Among these families one should mention the Schwerin family in Alsunga, the Carmel family in Skaistkalne and the Lieven family in Livberze. Usually Jesuit missionaries were involved as an auxiliary force in these efforts. The Sieberg family should be mentioned among the most important supporters of counterreformation in the Duchy of Courland and Semigallia.
18

CONSTRUCTION HISTORY OF KRASLAVA CATHOLIC CHURCH AND MONASTERY IN THE REGIONAL HISTORICAL CONTEXT (Kraslavas katolu baznicas un klostera buvvesture novada vesturisko liktenu kopsakaribas)

75%
Kaminska R.
Materiali Latvijas makslas vesturei
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2006
|
vol. 5
9-23
EN
Social, economical and political history is not always the most significant aspect in the study of architectural and artistic heritage. Still there are periods when the correlation between these factors and building activities acquires a special importance. Usually these are periods of changes when new political powers manifest their ideas that might concur with new conceptions of style and form as well as with involvement of masters coming from certain schools. The fortunes of Kraslava St. Louis' (Ludwik's) Church construction and artistic finish provide a good example. They have been influenced first of all by historical collisions concerning supervision and government of Eastern Latvia in the 18th and 19th centuries: independent principality of Polish Livonia included in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (1562-1772) and the Western Province of the Russian Empire (since 1772). Parallel shifts of confessional balance influenced by re-catholisation processes happened in the region. They were related to the activities of particular Catholic spiritual orders in the 18th century. At the same time sequential shifts of historical stylistic paradigms are evident and local modifications of late Baroque are replaced by Neo-C1assicism in religious architecture and art by the end of the 18th century. Wooden church building in Kraslava has been mentioned already in the 16th century but in 1676 Jesuit Georg Ludinghausen-Wolff built a new wooden church on its place where Jesuit fathers subordinated to the Daugavpils residence of the order have served. Most significant changes in Kraslava started in 1729 when it passed to the Plater family. Initially Jesuits retained their positions in the Plater family properties and, possibly influenced by Jesuits, this German protestant family returned under the wing of the Catholic Church in the late 17th century. When Konstanty Ludwik Plater (1722-1778) took over the Kraslava manor, ambitious plans were carried out to build up the main family residence.
19
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ARISTOTELOVA POETIKA V KONTEXTE JEZUITSKEJ TEÓRIE POETIKY A RÉTORIKY NA ÚZEMÍ DNEŠNÉHO SLOVENSKA V PRVEJ POLOVICI 18. STOROČIA

75%
Kopas L.
Slovenské divadlo (Slovak Theatre)
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2016
|
vol. 64
|
issue 4
330 – 338
EN
This study reflects Aristotle’s Poetics, in particular his concept of mimesis as a basic form of artistic representation in baroque Jesuit theoretical practice in the territory of today’s Slovakia. It focuses on an overlooked anonymous theoretical work entitled Commentarii in litteras humaniores, which was most probably one of the most important textbooks of poetics at the Jesuit grammar school in Skalica in the first half of the 18th century. Although it is not clear who the author of this valuable manuscript is, an analysis of its second book Observationes Poëticae, in particular its second part De Poësi in Specie and its sixth chapter De Drammatibus, and its comparison to the sixth to eighteenth chapters of Aristotle’s Poetics make us think that a reflection of the phenomenon of Aristotle’s concept of mimesis as a principle of creative representation was established in the territory of today’s Slovakia in the course of the first half of the 18th century.
20

‘ICONOMYSTICISM’ OF JACOB MASEN AND DECORATION OF PILGRIM CHURCH AT HOLY HILL NEAR OLOMOUC

75%
Mádl M.
ARS
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2014
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vol. 47
|
issue 1
4 – 15
EN
The article is devoted to the theoretical emblematical work of the German Jesuit Jacob Masen, who in his book Speculum Veritatis Imaginum Occultae, offered a sophisticated system and comprehensive interpretation of "figurative" (metaphorical) image. The book was apparently well known to the learned Olomouc Augustinian and painter Martin Antonin Lublinsky (1636-1690). Lublinsky designed the painting decoration of the Pilgrim Church of the Visitation at the Holy Hill near Olomouc, which has been brought into effect according to his artwork, around 1675 by the Italian painter Giacomo Tencalla (1644-1689). Some of the ceiling paintings reproduce literary emblems from the book of Jacob Masen. The major part of the emblematic paintings in the church is designed new, but in compliance with Masen’s theory of figurative images.
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