In the 1913 edition of “Swann’s way,” the narrator’s grandparents’ village, Combray, is located in the Beauce (South-West from Paris). When Proust worked for a new edition in 1916, he moved Combray eastwards, to the Front in Champagne so that the war could take place in the novel. A large part of “Time regained” is about the war. The Baron of Charlus expresses Proust’s critique of nationalism. As a sensitive aesthete, he worries about the terrible killing going on, about men’s sufferings during an industrial war, and about the future of Europe. The church in Combray has been destroyed. The narrator’s grandmother considered its steeple as a symbol of plainness, elegance, and sensitivity. Its ruins become a symbol of sheer violence and inhumanity of wars. But Proust will rebuild it in his novel. Jorge Semprun, Varlam Chalamov and Joseph Czapski, prisoners in totalitarian states, remembered Proust’s humanism.
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