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EN
The article focuses on the penultimate novel of Julian Barnes, The Noise of Time, and attempts to interpret it within the larger context of the author’s work. The author of the article argues that this novel is by no means a deviation from Barnes’s course, set out in the previous novels, but rather a continuation of topics he examined. The genre of a historical novel allows him to play out the drama of individual versus death on a larger scale, represented by history. For this purpose, Barnes misreads the life story of Dmitri Shostakovich, whom he portrays as an individual fighting the repressive system by “internal emigration” and obsession with his own work.
EN
The article is devoted to the linguistic singularity of the novels The Sense of an Ending by Julian Barnes and Generation “P” by Viktor Pelevin. It deals with some linguistic means, which allow us to characterize these novels as a bright examples of postmodernism. Firstly, the idea about the impossibility of new style invention and the necessity of different styles combination. The novels is full of different jargon words, idioms and even scientific terms which are used all together creating unique style. It is important that in postmodernism literature good or bad words or styles do not exist; they are all equal. Secondly, the idea of game. There are two levels of representing this idea: the mix of styles and the loss of figurativeness by phraseological units. Moreover, the novels are full of references to other stories and poems and in this case, we can speak about “rewriting” as a common method of postmodernism. Postmodern writers create new work through the stealing of images and texts from an earlier period and appropriated in a present context, say scientists.
EN
The article discusses the most important factors behind transformations in the twentieth-century study of biography, setting as its aim demonstrating the limits on and new paths for biography in relation to three areas: literary practice (working with the examples of Virginia Woolf and Julian Barnes), university pedagogical practice (using the example of the author’s experience), and one of the classic works in the area of the study of biography in Polish literary studies: Maria Jasińska’s 1970 book Zagadnienia biografii literackiej (Problems in Literary Biography), which touches on common ground with the work of Philipp Lejeuene on the biographical “referential pact.” Biography, having been since its inception a hybrid discourse, joining together literariness, a documentary aspect, and a (popular-) scholarly aspect developed in the twentieth century on an unprecedented scale (this tendency is sustained in academic and popular-scientific discourse; the separate genre of biographical reportage also emerged), while the topic also became a focus of interest among modern and postmodern writers who treated the conventions and traditions of biography as pretexts for questions about its philosophical direction.
PL
Artykuł omawia najważniejsze uwarunkowania przemian dwudziestowiecznej biografistyki, stawiając sobie za cel ukazanie ograniczeń i nowych ścieżek biografii, w odniesieniu do trzech obszarów: praktyki literackiej (na przykładzie Virginii Woolf i Juliana Barnesa), dydaktyki akademickiej (na przykładzie doświadczenia autorki tekstu) oraz jednej z klasycznych prac z zakresu biografistyki w literaturoznawstwie polskim: Zagadnień biografii literackiej Marii Jasińskiej z 1970 roku, która bliska jest refleksjom Philippe’a Lejeune’a na temat biograficznego paktu referencjalnego. Biografistyka, będąca od początku swojej historii dyskursem hybrydycznym, łączącym literackość, dokumentarność i (popularno)naukowość, w wieku dwudziestym z jednej strony rozwinęła się na skalę dotąd nieznaną (tendencja ta jest podtrzymana i w obiegu akademickim i popularnonaukowym; powstał też odrębny gatunek reportażu biograficznego), z drugiej strony stała się przedmiotem zainteresowania modernistycznych i postmodernistycznych twórców, traktujących konwencje i tradycje biografii jako asumpt do pytań o jej filozoficzne inklinacje.
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