Search results - CEJSH

1

KNOWLEDGE AND TRUTH (Wiedza i prawda)

100%

Wolenski J.

Zagadnienia Naukoznawstwa

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2009

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vol. 45

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issue 3-4

317-325

EN

A fragment of author's original analysis of the concept of knowledge, already presented in numerous publications, is discussed. This analysis forms a base for a dispute over question if semantic theory of truth may be applied to empirical sciences.

2

Historyzm i uprawomocnienie. Alasdaira MacIntyre’a historystyczna koncepcja uprawomocnienia

100%

Roszyk M.

Studia Philosophica Wratislaviensia

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2007

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vol. 2

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issue 2

61-78

EN

In this paper I argue that MacIntyre’s historicism involves a conception concerning the nature of justiﬁcation, formulated in opposition to ahistorical foundationalism. According to foundationalism justiﬁcation is a matter of an appeal to certain universal and ahistorical principles, constituting the basis of all claims to knowledge. The merit of MacIntyre’s historicism is that it enables one to answer two diﬃculties, insuperable to foundationalism. First, it enables to explain why some basic statements are being treated as justiﬁed even though there exist, in the same area, contending sets of basic statements: justiﬁed basic statements are those which emerge from the history of a given tradition of enquiry as incontestable. Secondly, it allows to explain how we can rationally claim that a certain set of statements is rationally better than others even though they are mutually incommensurable: certain set of statements is better than others, and therefore justiﬁed, if and only if it can resolve diﬃculties insuperable to its rivals and explain both successes and defeats of its rivals.

3

IGNORANCE AND OMNISCIENCE

100%

Puczylowski T. A.

Edukacja Filozoficzna

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2008

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issue 46

27-46

EN

The purpose of this paper is to present the Fitch's paradox. The reasoning similar to the Fitch's argument is applied to a concept of belief and thus some observations on the knowledge, beliefs and their boundaries are drawn. Interactions among completeness of knowledge, and of beliefs, omniscience and Fitch's theorem are examined. A few erroneous application of Fitch's argumentation or unsupported conclusion drawn from it are shown.

4

Renewing and New Types of Innovation

80%

Hronszky I., Fesues A.

Teorie vědy (Theory of Science)

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2008

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vol. 17/30

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issue 1

31-49

EN

This article assesses efforts to develop 'open innovation'. First, open innovation is put in the framework of knowledge society. It is shown that the term open innovation refers to such different cases that it is better to assess them separately. Chesbrough's 'open innovation', the 'lead user' conception, the idea of 'commons-based-peer production' and 'interactive value production' is shortly explored. 'Incertitude' is overviewed as basic background that urges societal praxis to turn to open innovation. At the end the article, referring to an expert material worked out for the EC DG Research, called with abbreviation TEKSS, turns interest to extending open innovation by integrating concerned groups as innovation partners as engagement, i.e. as partners through the whole innovation process.

5

Knowledge and Artifacts. Barry Allen's Concept of Knowledge

80%

Czarnocka M.

Zagadnienia Naukoznawstwa

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2005

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issue 3-4

351-367

EN

Barry Allen postulates that the unit of knowledge is artifact and rejects traditional idea that knowledge consists of true, justified beliefs. Analysis of Allen's concept of knowledge, being a restrictive form of pragmatism, shows that the epistemological change proposed by him is radical to a great degree. Allen neglects all important epistemological distinctions and categories. The concept is rooted in a different culture, activist and one-sidedly pragmatic, far from this one ( which emerged from the ancient Greek ideas) that constitutes a basis for all traditional epistemological models of knowledge.

6

Zagrożenie nauką bez cywilizacji: od wiedzy do mądrości

80%

Maxwell N.

Zagadnienia Naukoznawstwa

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2011

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vol. 47

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issue 3(189)

269-295

EN

We are in a state of impending crisis. And the fault lies in part with academia. For two centuries or so, academia has been devoted to the pursuit of knowledge and technological know-how. This has enormously increased our power to act which has, in turn, brought us both all the great benefits of the modern world and the crises we now face. Modern science and technology have made possible modern industry and agriculture, the explosive growth of the world’s population, global warming, modern armaments and the lethal character of modern warfare, destruction of natural habitats and rapid extinction of species, immense inequalities of wealth and power across the globe, pollution of earth, sea and air, even the AIDS epidemic (AIDS being spread by modern travel). All these global problems have arisen because some of us have acquired unprecedented powers to act, via science and technology, without also acquiring the capacity to act wisely. We urgently need to bring about a revolution in universities so that the basic intellectual aim becomes, not knowledge merely, but rather wisdom – wisdom being the capacity to realize what is of value in life, for oneself and others, thus including knowledge and technological know-how, but much else besides. The revolution we require would put problems of living at the heart of the academic enterprise, the pursuit of knowledge emerging out of, and feeding back into, the fundamental intellectual activity of proposing and critically assessing possible actions, policies, political programmes, from the standpoint of their capacity to help solve problems of living. This revolution would affect almost every branch and aspect of academic inquiry.

7

Information and knowledge

80%

Badics J., Gomori A.

Kozgazdasagi Szemle (Economic Review)

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2004

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vol. 51

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issue 2

127-138

EN

In models describing economic situations and phenomena in terms of decision-makers' behaviour, it is important to the solution of the model and results obtained from it to discover what decision-makers know about the situation, each other, each other's knowledge, knowledge of each others' knowledge, etc. The simplifying assumptions of the conceptual apparatus applied to describe this knowledge and information have been outstripped by the applications. This study therefore puts forward a proposal for generalizing this system of concepts.

8

FUNCTIONING OF AGRICULTURAL KNOWLEDGE (Funkcjonowanie wiedzy rolniczej)

80%

Krzyworzeka A.

e-mentor

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2011

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issue 3 (40)

58-62

EN

Professional knowledge management becomes nowadays a key factor of successful running a farm business. The following article focuses on ways of gathering professional knowledge by modern farmers and its sources as well as on the ways of this knowledge functioning in agriculture. The author concentrates on the ineffectiveness of farmer trainings, collective and local character of agricultural knowledge as well as discusses farmers' traditionalism in their certain activities. The paper is based on the material gathered by the author during her long-lasting ethnographic research conducted from 2004 to 2007 in villages of Zambrów county.

9

KNOWLEDGE OR WISDOM? FACTORS SHAPING COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES OF AGRICULTURAL FARMS (Wiedza czy madrosc? Czynniki ksztaltujace przewage konkurencyjna gospodarstw rolnych)

80%

Ginter A., Kaluza H., Szarek S.

Wieś i Rolnictwo

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2010

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issue 4(149)

120-129

EN

The article seeks to establish which of the incommensurable factors – knowledge or wisdom, has a greater influence on the economic performance of an agricultural farm. Basing on the results of empirical research the authors of the article prove that wisdom - understood as the ability to apply in practice the accumulated knowledge, is a more important factor because it exerts a stronger influence on the economic performance of a farm than the number of information sources possessed and used by it.

10

Klaster jako forma organizacyjna współpracy gospodarczej opartej na wiedzy

80%

Łukasik P., Potocki A.

Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Krakowie

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2011

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issue 871

45-57

EN

This article describes the role of clusters in knowledge sharing. It presents a general theory of clusters including a definition, types of clusters, and ways of setting them up. The main part of the article concentrates on: – the knowledge creation process in a cluster, described using SECI model, – cluster typology.The article is based on the study of both Polish and foreign literature.

11

ON THE ORIGINS OF THE BERKELEIAN DEFINITION OF 'EXISTENCE'

80%

Szalek P. K.

Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric

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2009

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issue 15(28)

145-159

EN

The paper seeks an interpretation of Berkeley's metaphysics, which is characterised in terms of an attempt to formulate a kind of ontology of the existence. Although essential, this existential aspect of Berkeleian thought is surprisingly neglected by commentators, presumably due to the dominant epistemological tendency in the interpretation of his philosophy. The aim of the paper is an attempt to fill the above lack in the scholarship on Berkeley's philosophy.

12

Jardin révolutionnaire de Zarathushtra, réflexion sur les révolutions de couleur ou des fleurs

80%

Grygielewicz M.

IDEA. Studia nad strukturą i rozwojem pojęć filozoficznych

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2012

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vol. 24

315-322.

EN

Color revolutions is a term which was widely used to describe related movements that developed in several societies in the CIS (former USSR) and Balkan states during the early 2000s. The term has also been applied to a number of revolutions elsewhere, including the Middle East. Participants in the color revolutions have mostly used nonviolent resistance, also called civil resistance. Such methods as demonstrations, strikes and interventions have been intended protest against governments seen as corrupt and authoritarian, and to advocate democracy; and they have also created strong pressure for change. These movements generally adopted a specific color or flower as their symbol. The color revolutions are notable for the important role of non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and particularly student activists in organising creative non-violent resistance. Such movements have had a measure of success, for example: The Rose Revolution in Georgia (2003), The Orange Revolution in Ukraine (2004), The Tulip Revolution in Kyrgyzstan, also sometimes called the “Pink Revolution” (2005), Blue Revolution in Kuwait (2005), Green Revolution in Iran (2009), Jasmine Revolution in Tunisia (2010–2011).

13

From experiencing to experience: an 'innocent' touch of modernity

80%

Rewers E.

Teksty Drugie (Second Texts)

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2006

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issue 3(99)

46-58

EN

The starting point for this utterance is the conviction that a trip into the depths of the human body has proved to be the most momentous and shocking experience that modernity elaborated. It initially required that the frontier set between knowledge and experience be revised, and the reflection-inclined 'me' be confronted with its sensual body. A special part in the process was played by the combination of the 'power of sight' with a 'fear of touch'. This is not, however, only about the eye and the hand slithering over the surface, but also, about a persistent strife for seeing and simultaneously touching what is deep. The consecutive sections of the texts, entitled: In search of the body; Stare and touch; Innocence; Fear of touch I/II/III, the authoress goes from the Carthesian ambivalence concerning the trip into underneath the flesh's surface, which also becomes an ambivalence of experiencing and cognition, through to how they are revised in science (Rosalind Franklin), art (Anna Günter) and poetry (Stanislaw Baranczak) of the latter half of the 20th century.

14

Problemy z pojęciem wiedzy w ramach epistemicznej koncepcji znaczenia Michaela Dummetta

80%

Boruszewski J.

Filo-Sofija

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2007

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vol. 7

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issue 7

207-222

EN

According to epistemic theory of meaning the meaning is not understanding-transcendent – understanding is a kind of knowledge and the meaning is the content of this knowledge. The main problem of such a theory is to provide an adequate characteristic of the notion of knowledge. Dummett claims that understanding cannot be reduced neither to purely practical abilities, nor to explicit theoretical knowledge. In his opinion the most important part of the knowledge that constitutes understanding is a kind of implicit knowledge, something halfway between practical ability and theoretical knowledge. Unfortunately is not so simple to provide sufficiently clear characteristics of it. Moreover, because of implicitness of this knowledge, there is problem with manifestation of possession of such knowledge. Understanding should be related to the practice of making assertions. In the article I try to argue for soundness of thesis that important part of knowledge that constitutes understanding is a kind of procedural knowledge. This type of knowledge (called “knowledge-how”) cannot be reduced to propositional or conceptual knowledge (“knowledge-that”). Procedural knowledge has manifestation in activities doing in accordance with some set of the rules, but possession of this knowledge does not require explicit knowledge-that of the rules. Procedural knowledge is also located in the middle of the spectrum – between reflex actions and theoretical knowledge.

15

EDUCATION MANAGEMENT IN KNOWLEDGE BASED SOCIETY

80%

Todose D.

Contemporary Economics

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2008

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issue 3(7)

109-117

EN

Europe is developing its 'knowledge society'. It passes from an economy based on traditional factors of production (land, labor, capital) to one in which the major components are information and knowledge. It is well known that the socio-economical and technological development has an important impact on the labor market in developed nations. So, more skills are needed and a flexible and dynamic labor supply. Nowadays, developed and developing nations are increasingly able to deliver high skills at low costs. This paper investigates the achievements of the education systems and the interdependences between education and welfare.

16

Idea postępu w koncepcjach futurologów

80%

Ciepiał L.

IDEA. Studia nad strukturą i rozwojem pojęć filozoficznych

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2012

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vol. 24

185-205

EN

The aim of my article is to portray the present-day state of the idea of progress, on the basis of futurologists’ credo. The article has a polemical character, voicing the issue in the context of the prevailing paradigm which treats the idea of progress as an anachronistic relic of the past, not responding to the present. It states that the idea of progress is permanently present in reality and still plays an extraordinarily fundamental, i.e. leading, role. Nevertheless, the idea is much more complicated nowadays than at the time of its former victory in the age of the Enlightenment. The contemporary idea of progress lacks naivety, and its character is multidimensional and ambivalent. The idea of progress experienced its most serious crisis in the twentieth century; not only was its development hampered but the crucial components of the idea were questioned. Fewer and fewer intellectuals had the courage to evoke progress. It can be taken for granted that the disbelief in progress has risen up to the rank of a new paradigm. Despite this conviction, there are philosophers, politicians, economists and businessmen who create new shapes of the idea of progress and build its new definition in the context of the collapse of its previous shapes. One of the groups proposing a new approach to the concept of progress is the group of futurologists. In this article we ipso facto recover the idea of the futurologist, defining in such a way a researcher who comprehensively, systematically, rationally and professionally goes back in his or her memory and examines the present time in order to track down predominant trends, to interpret their sense and to set a prognosis of the future against the background of them. Futurologists whose work is analyzed in this article have different approaches to the idea of progress. The comparison of their concepts allows one to avoid a unilateral approach and to create a comprehensive image of the idea of progress in its current shape. Among the most important futurologists, there are such names as: Alvin Toffler (together with his spouse Heidi), Francis Fukuyama, Edward Luttwak, George Ritzer, George and Michio Kaku.

17

THE ROLE OF THE HUMAN FACTOR NAD PSYCHOLOGICAL CONTRACT IN MANAGING THE KNOWLEDGE IN CONDITIONS OF GLOBALIZATION (Rola czynnika ludzkiego i kontraktu psychologicznego w zarzadzaniu wiedza w warunkach globalizacji)

80%

Rebisz J.

Contemporary Economics

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2008

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issue 3(7)

97-108

EN

The modern business world is characterized by dynamic, changing markets and continuous technological advance. This article focuses on an issue related to a definition of the meaning of a man and his location in an organization that works in conditions of globalization. Certainly, the meaning of human as the source of knowledge in the development of organization is not a new subject. Knowledge is intrinsically linked to people and enables them to act. Modern organizations base their theory on the knowledge they can exploit to improve the competence of the employee, his loyalty and commitment to the company which aims at the competitive predominance. The identification of knowledge is necessary for the effective implementation of knowledge management system. Above all, presented theoretical analysis pinpoints mainly on discussing a man's role and psychological contract in managing the knowledge.

18

Postaci wiedzy w platońskim Protagorasie

80%

Meyer M. F.

Lectiones & Acroases Philosophicae

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2011

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vol. 4

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issue 1

85-114

EN

In Plato's philosophy the concept of knowledge plays an outstanding role. This contribution will show that Plato focused on this topic already in his early dialogue Protagoras. In particular the discussion about the sophistic concepts of knowledge forms the thread of this dialogue. In its first part Socrates examines the common prejudices about sophistic knowledge. His phenomenology of learning (a process of 'getting wiser') points out that knowledge is always the knowledge of something. The substance of knowledge (the mathēma) can be isolated from individual persons knowing something. Socrates underlines that human psyche feeds on mathēmata. Therefore, it is of vital importance to distinguish useful knowledge from harmful knowledge. The second - more comprehensive - part of the Protagoras offers a critical synopsis of types of sophistical knowledge. In particular, the concepts of polumathiē, of rhetorical skills, of poetological language competence and of political knowledge are discussed. In the third and final part of the dialogue Plato presents his own concept of knowledge, named ''the art of measuring''. This metretikē technē is a type of practical knowledge relating decisions based on momentary phenomena to the consequences of future actions. This kind of knowledge aims at insights preventing our loss of ethical intuitions, which in principle we have at our disposal.

19

Znalost pomístních jmen v Rosicích

80%

Ireinová M.

Acta onomastica

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2010

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vol. 51

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issue 1

247-268

EN

Knowledge of Anoikonyms (Minor Place Names) in Rosice Within an extensive research of anoikonyms in Moravia and Silesia, the anoikonyms from Rosice were collected. The article presents results of investigation carried on among 17 representatives of all generations of the residents of Rosice in the autumn of 2009. The aim was to ascertain whether the anoikonyms recorded in 1965 are still (in 2009) known and actively used. The representatives of the oldest generation acknowledged the familiarity of the largest number of anoikonyms, whereas the representatives of the youngest generation knew only a few of them (in some cases they use a certain anoikonym for a different object than in 1965, see e. g. anoikonyms Rocochác, Štepnice, U Svaté Trojice).

20

DIAGRAMS, DIFFERENCE-MAKERS, AND BACKGROUND KNOWLEDGE

80%

Tee S.-H.

Filozofia (Philosophy)

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2019

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vol. 74

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issue 10

823 – 840

EN

It is intriguing how scientific diagrams can facilitate scientific explanations. Philosophers argue that the difference-maker afforded in scientific diagrams can pro-vide an explanation for the phenomenon of interest. I argue that difference-maker alone is insufficient to provide a well-informed scientific explanation. I articulate that the non-depicting relevant background knowledge has a significant role to play in diagrammatic explanations. The difference-makers play the solicitor role in soliciting the relevant explanatory resources from the relevant background knowledge of the depictum. An epistemic aggregation which regiments the relevant background knowledge may provide a well-informed scientific explanation of a depicted phenomenon.

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