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1
Content available remote

МОЛОДЁЖНЫЙ НАРКОТИЗМ В РОССИИ И ЛАТВИИ: МЕТОДОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ОСНОВЫ ЭМПИРИЧЕСКОГО ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ

100%
Yana D.
Sociālo Zinātņu Vēstnesis
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2014
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issue 2
EN
According to official data, in Russia and Latvia the majority of drug users among young people. The author presents a methodological approach to study of youth narkotism in the post-Soviet space. Drug use is considered deviant behavior in both countries, since it contradicts the norms established by law. In the article as a theoretical foundation were used sociological theories about deviation of Emile Durkheim, Robert Merton and others authors. Mass consumption society entailed the transformation in values, norms and behavior of individuals. Author defends the thesis that the antinarcotic legal norm established in Russia, at odds with the social norm youth. Modern attitudes of young people influenced on their differentiation with respect to drug use. There were groups of recreational drug use. It encourages researchers to find new reasons for reproduction of narcotism. The formal social control is different from each other with the general mechanism of drug use growth in post-Soviet countries. Russia is characterized by repressive strategy to counteract drug use, in Latvia is restrictive. The theoretical part of the article is supplemented by statistical data on Russia and Latvia and the results of sociological study conducted in the south of Tyumen region in 2010, 2011, 2013. The results showed that young people recognized a problem of drug addiction as a social important. The younger generation are awareness than older on various aspects of drug use. Since 2011, there was a decrease in 2 times positive evaluation the activities of local authorities for the prevention of drug use.
2
Content available remote

SOCIAL SECURITY CONCEPT IN FUNCTIONAL AND NEOFUNCTIONAL PARADIGM

86%
Valeriy N.
Sociālo Zinātņu Vēstnesis
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2014
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issue 2
EN
The paper proposes a systematization of the results of the review of publications on security issues in the social sciences and humanities, which allowed several major areas of research and also deals with construction of a structural-functional model of social security as an indicator of generalized social homeostasis, created as a result of balancing the functions of basic social institutions. First, the author applied structural functionalism and neofunctionalism as dominant methodology for interpretation of social security as a social institution controlling homeostasis and social sustainability of the social environment while maintaining constancy intrasystem parameters. Second, there was determined inequivalence of different types of social security in providing social homeostasis by their correlation with the four types of social subsystems (institutions): semantic, reproductive, regulatory and transmission. The paper argued that the leading role in ensuring social homeostasis plays meaning (religious, ideological, cultural) subsystems, corresponding to the value stabilization of society and to ensure the legitimacy of the social order as a whole. At the same time, the article emphasizes that meanings and values produced by these institutions’ subjects (actors) initially embedded through socialization and communication (transmission) subsystems and are subject to secondary fixation at the level of social action through regulatory social institutions (politics, law). The final element of social security is to ensure the homeostasis of the lowest level of social order (institutes of economics and the family). The author justified the position on the understanding of the social security system as independent institution one within the framework of the two models of the social world: systematic and stochastic. The author’s opinion that we have to say about the dependence of social security as a social institution controlling homeostasis of social actors who receive leadership mapping of social reality. It is indicated that the system map of the social world meets modernist paradigm of sociological theorizing, which is characteristic for the consideration of social security as a factor of change that promotes social cohesion, rather than its decay. Whereas stochastic map of the social world corresponds to a postmodern paradigm, main characteristic feature of which is looking at and perception of social security as part of polycentric social reality.
3
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ATSEVIŠĶU DZĪVESVIETU PIESAISTES UN PILSĒTAS IEDZOEVOTĀJU KOPĪBAS SAJŪTAS ASPEKTU IZPĒTE ZVIEDRIJĀ, SOMIJĀ UN LATVIJĀ

86%
Larisa Ā., Ilona S.
Sociālo Zinātņu Vēstnesis
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2014
|
issue 2
EN
The present research work makes a contribution to the studying of social identity, place attachment and sense of community for citizens. The objects of investigation are practical aspects of social identity, place attachment and sense of community for citizens in Sweden, Finland and Latvia. Sociological survey had been used. The most active participants of survey in all tested regions were women at the economically active age (Helsinki, Riga) or retired (Norrkoping). The majority of those, who are living more than 20, 30 and 40 years in the same neighbourhood, live in Riga. The most active people, who participate in local arrangements, are in majority in Helsinki. People mentioned that they participate because they want to be updated on the future plans of their neighbourhoods. Finnish people want to feel the sense of community. Latvian people want to affect the future of neighbourhood and to explore the arrangements for to get acquainted with neighbours. The data might be reflecting common situation for all countries: the economically active people are busy at work. The Latvian data indirectly indicate to low level of communication between inhabitants and local actors or official representatives of municipality. Perhaps, there is a good tradition to participate in different gallops, surveys and people feel results (effectiveness) of those activities there in Sweden and Finland. Riga respondents are not so optimistically tuned on effectiveness of those arrangements. In spite of high readiness of participation in surveys and gallops, people assess their possibilities in neighbourhood development too low (Sweden, Finland). And vice versa, 67% of Latvian respondents assess their possibilities of participating in neighbourhood development more realistic and 10% totally dissent with this. People, in general, want to influence, to improve (if is not yet excellent, suitable, safe), may be also, to be proud of their neighbourhood. In general, there are mentioned all local actors to be important and be involved in neighbourhood development. Finnish respondents of survey highly assessed the role of local associations and local policymakers. Safety was the number one issue in all three cities. It seems that in Norrkoping people are quite satisfied with the comfort of their neighbourhood, and in Riga and Helsinki there could be some room for improvement. Regarding the commercial services the present situation is viewed best in Riga, where 67% of the respondents partly or totally agree with the statement. The question about good sense of community seems to divide opinions in every city. It’s difficult to say, about the underlying factors in each city or each neighbourhood.
4
Content available remote

ECONOMIC DETERMINANTS OF TERRITORY COMPETITIVENESS AND DEVELOPMENT SUSTAINABILITY

86%
Vera B., Sasa D.
Sociālo Zinātņu Vēstnesis
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2014
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issue 2
EN
Scientific novelty of the article is the analysis of interconnection of the territory competitiveness and development sustainability in the context of national identity and territorial capacity. For researching the economical determinants of the competitiveness and development sustainability the authors used resource approach based on the following methodological path: resources available at the territory can be transformed into assets as a result of its activation that, in its turn, can give to territory socially economic benefit, i.e., it becomes a territory capital. The application of the resource-asset-capital approach can be found in studies of different social sciences, sometimes revealing innovative resources or innovative forms of its activation and capitalization. The idea of the present paper - economic determinants of the territory competitiveness and development sustainability is, firstly, resources availability at the territory, and, secondly, ability of the territorial agents to transform them into territory capital. So, those resources which are available at the territory, but have not been transformed into territory capital, are not able to determine also competitiveness and development sustainability of this territory. The authors assume that weak development of social technologies for activation and capitalization of resources is the most important reason for hindering the competitiveness and development sustainability of Latvia’s regions. This hypothesis was proved by clarifying, within the limits of possibility of Latvia statistics, how much of the resources available in the regions are transformed into assets and further - into benefit carrying capital. By applying case study method in relation to the analysis of problems of sapropels resources’ of the lakes of Latgale region of Latvia’s activation and capitalization, the authors proved the significant role of social technologies for successful realization of material technologies and outlined the algorithm of social technologies for sapropels resource activation and capitalization.
5
Content available remote

IMPACT OF MILITARY EXPENDITURES ON POVERTY IN PAKISTAN

72%
Rukhsana K., Muhammad S. H.
Sociālo Zinātņu Vēstnesis
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2014
|
issue 2
EN
This article investigates the impact of military expenditures on poverty in Pakistan (along with inflation, industrialization, service sector, and foreign direct investment) for both short-term and long-term perspectives. An effort is made to find out the role of military expenditures in poverty elimination. The question to be addressed is that whether military expenditures is pro-poverty or anti-poverty in Pakistan. A time series analysis is made for the period of 1972-2009. The problem of unit root is inspected by applying Ng-Perron (2001) test; the strength of relationship between military expenditures and poverty in the light of control variables is investigated by using Johansen and Juselius (1990), the long-term coefficients are examined by using Ordinary Least Square Method, and short-term dynamics are computed by applying Error Correction Mechanism. The results show that military expenditures and inflation are significantly elevating poverty in both short-term and long-term periods while the growth of industrial and service sectors help in reducing poverty in Pakistan. It has been diagnosed that the first period lag term of industry is significantly contributing to lowering poverty in the long-term period whereas in the short-term one industrialization does not significantly elevate poverty. It means it takes some time to bear the fruits of industrial growth in terms of reduction in poverty. Growth in the service sector does reduce poverty significantly in both short-term and long-term perspectives. Finally; foreign direct investments do not play any role in the reduction of poverty in the long-term period, but surprisingly it has some significant negative impact on poverty in the short run. From the empirical findings many policy implications can be deduced. The findings suggest that the military expenditure deteriorates the poverty situation in Pakistan. The viable policy option may be to revise the volume of military expenditures in perspective of the reallocation of resources from the defense expenditures to the expenditures on social development of the economy. The caution that requires to be considered is the proper and efficient reallocation of resources.
6
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Content available

THE ARGUMENT FROM AUTHORITY IN THE DYNAMICS OF THE FRENCH CLASSIC-ROMANTIC QUARREL (1821–1831)

58%
Sukiennicka M.
Świat Tekstów. Rocznik Słupski
|
2020
|
vol. 18
41-52
PL
Na początku drugiej dekady XIX wieku francuscy klasycy starali się zdyskredytować estetykę romantyzmu, piętnując ją w akademickich mowach jako obcą narodowym wzorcom literackim. Oskarżali oni romantyków o zły smak i brak erudycji, ale argument ten obrócił się przeciwko nim w trakcie sporu, który wywiązał się między reprezentantami dwóch estetyk. Romantycy równie zapalczywie jak klasycy posługiwali się argumentem z autorytetu autorów antycznych. Starali się oni przywłaszczyć sobie dziedzictwo Wergiliusza, Horacego, Boileau i Corneille’a, by ugruntować w ten sposób własną estetykę. Artykuł opisuje retoryczną dynamikę tego odcinka francuskiego sporu klasyków z romantykami i ukazuje, jak autorzy związani z pismem La Muse française usiłowali zająć miejsce klasyków w nowym panteonie pisarzy pełnych klasycznej erudycji, ale też będących wyrazicielami głosu nowej epoki.
EN
In the early 1820s, French classicists tried to discredit the Romantic aesthetics, considering it foreign and anti-national in character. They accused the Romantics of bad taste and lack of classical erudition, but the Romantics turned the accusation against the classicists. In fact, both sides of the ensuing quarrel employed the argument from classical authority. French Romantics appropriated the heritage of ancient and classical literature, relying on Virgil, Horace, Boileau and Corneille in order to legitimate their own aesthetics. This paper describes the rhetorical dynamics of the French classic-Romantic quarrel to demonstrate how the authors from La Muse française were aiming to replace their opponents as actual representatives of erudite and yet modern literature.
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