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EN
In the first part of the article the author presents three theories of kitsch: Hermann Broch's, Abraham Moles' and Milan Kundera's. These form the theoretical basis for the analysis of Krzysztof Kieślowski's "The Double Life of Veronique", which forms the body of the second part of the article. In the analysis Morstin focuses on exaltation, the primacy of the aesthetics, on the so called religion of beauty and aesthetical lie. In the conclusion the author argues that the analysis of the film allowed her to identify terms that belong to the dictionary of kitsch of the highest order. At the same time she maintains that the kitsch one is dealing with is not dangerous, as we are able to easily identify and formulate an insightful critique of the phenomenon. This means that our awareness of kitsch is higher than it was in the first half of the 20 th century. Nowadays kitsch is no longer lived through. Rather it is used in different styles and art forms that offer both cheap thrills or exalted aesthetic experience such as in the case of Kieślowski’s film.
EN
This paper aims to discuss the problem of kitsch within a broader framework encompassing the issues and limits of representation in the case of fictional works dealing with concentration camp trauma. Bernhard Schlink’s The Reader (Der Vorleser, 1995) and Jonathan Littell’s The Kindly Ones (Les Bienveillantes, 2006) have both achieved international acclaim yet also sparked a huge scandal mainly for their narrative choice of embracing the (controversial) point of view of the perpetrator. Some of the harshest critics in Germany have issued condemnations on grounds of kitsch, lack of aesthetic value and moral relativism; even the term ‘Holo-kitsch’ was coined. Yet the label ‘kitsch’ was attached by some voices even to The Hunger Angel (Schaukelatem, 2009), a totally different kind of novel depicting horrendous events in a Soviet concentration camp from the perspective of a Romanian German deported to Ukraine. This is a work of fiction belonging to a Nobel prize laureate famous for her difficult metaphoric style, Herta Müller, and rooted in the poetic prose of German Expressionism. We would like to outline the main points of the debate, drawing both on reception data and on scholarly papers, whilst investigating the various (and often fuzzy) assumptions which seem to be related to the kitsch-concept within the context of Holocaust/Gulag fiction, for example, the extent to which it implies a negative value judgement from an aesthetic perspective and/or an ethically grounded uneasiness about trespassing moral limits of representation.
EN
Takis Würger’s novel Stella, published in 2019, has received mostly unenthusiastic reviews from literary critics because, in their opinion, it does not do justice to Stella Goldschlag's historical persona. Rather, the text merely turns a tragic conflict into Holocaust kitsch. In order to examine this judgement, the article analyses the poetics of the novel. This analysis reveals two things: the text does not in fact strive for a historically accurate portrayal of Stella Goldschlag, but reflects on the different ways of accessing the historical phenomenon. In this sense, Stella may be seen as an passable attempt to write modern literature about the Holocaust for today's generation. It does not, however, do so consistently because it oscillates between the genre of the historical novel and allegory. The fictitious narrator, Friedrich, also proves inconsistent. His mixture of naivety and pathos indeed tends towards kitsch.
EN
In this article we would like to touch upon the problem of reprehensible practices, pathologies that are present in many economic organizations today. We would like to consider how much unethical behavior should be largely attributed to employees, and how much it is associated with external cultural, organizational and situational factors. With this perspective, the author wants to associate pathologies in the workplace with the rich in associations, synonymous with the word kitsch, which can also be applied to economic and business issues. It is worth emphasizing that kitsch and pathology seem to permeate, and maybe even one of them can result from another. This is a paradox that the author wants to address in this article. The proper tracking of the activities of organizations by their management is the basic form of preventing pathologies in the organization. It is also associated with a significant impact on the economy, because the effectiveness of work is closely related to the problems of anxiety or embarrassment in the workplace. Some researchers may conclude that kitsch, pathology and frustration that leads to professional burnout can often be related to workaholism or even law violations in specific companies. This article is based on the method of critical analysis of literature and the method of deduction in observing behavior in organizations.
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