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"Abbé" Scipio Piattoli ve Slovanském přehledu podruhé

100%
Hlavačka M.
Slovanský přehled: historická revue pro dějiny střední, východní a jihovýchodní Evropy (Slavonic Review: Review for Central, Eastern and Southeastern European history)
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2021
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vol. 107
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issue 2
473-510
EN
This contribution offers an edition of a document that is now kept in the Austrian state archive in the Viennese neighborhood of Erdberg. It was written in connection with the arrest of Polish aristocratic patriots in July 1794 in Karlsbad, Prague, and Vienna; however, it only reached its present length in 1885. At that time, confidential orders were issued by Eugen Lippich, the government secretary of the Ministry of Trade in Vienna, for the archivists to quickly process all the files from the Prague governor’s archives concerning the arrest and imprisonment of Scipio Piattoli. They were also to find out whether his correspondence that was seized by the police, and above all else, the diary that Scipio Piattoli kept during his almost six years of imprisonment in Josefov and in Prague, were still there in the archives. Scipio Piattoli was imprisoned because he played an important role as a mediator between the Polish king and the opposition during the Great Sejm that voted for the Constitution of 3 May 1791. He actively supported the Kościuszko Uprising by establishing diplomatic relations with French revolutionaries. After the suppression of the Kościuszko Uprising by Russian and Prussian troops in November 1794, almost all of the Polish aristocrats who were detained in Austria were released from prison. However, only abbé Scipio Piattoli, from whom the Vienna and Prague police had promised to gain confidential information about an alleged pan-European organization of revolutionaries, was detained until May 1800. Scipio Piattoli the lived the rest of his years in the court of the Duchess of Courland.
2
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Tadeusz Kościuszko – dowódca czy inżynier?

86%
Stęplewski B.
Bezpieczeństwo. Teoria i Praktyka
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2015
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issue 4
105-115
PL
W marcu 2014 r. obchodzona była 220. rocznica wybuchu Powstania Kościuszkowskiego, w roku 2016 przypada 270 rocznica urodzin Naczelnika. Warto przypomnieć rolę Tadeusza Kościuszki w tym historycznym wydarzeniu oraz zastanowić się nad szansami pierwszego powstania narodowowyzwoleńczego, w którym to po raz pierwszy w dziejach Rzeczypospolitej próbowano rozbudzić patriotyzm wśród ludu (głównie chłopa pańszczyźnianego bez motywacji do walki o swój los). Ta rewolucja w myśleniu i działaniu idealisty, jakim był Tadeusz Kościuszko, w ówczesnych warunkach politycznego otoczenia i uwarunkowań społecznych szlacheckiej Polski skazana była na niepowodzenie.
EN
The 220th anniversary of Kościuszko Uprising was celebrated in March this year. The role of Tadeusz Kościuszko in this historical event is worth remembering and we should ponder about the chances of the first national liberation uprising, which was the first attempt in the history to awaken the patriotism among the people of the Republic of Poland (we have to take under consideration the fact that most of them were serfs without the motivation to fight for their cause). It was the revolution in thinking and activity of the idealist such as Tadeusz Kościuszko, but in those conditions of political surrounding and social determinants of noble Poland it was doomed to fail.
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Der russische General und Gesandte Otto Heinrich von Igelström, die preußische Besetzung polnischen Gebiets und der Beginn des Kościuszko-Aufstands (1793–1794)

86%
Anipiarkou V. V.
Zapiski Historyczne
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2023
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vol. 88
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issue 4
39-65
EN
The Second Partition of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was presented by the Russian Empress Catherine II as an involuntary concession to the Prussian King Friedrich Wilhelm II and proof of her pursuit of a lasting alliance with the Kingdom of Prussia. The falsehood of these claims, which also appear in historical scholarly publications, is exposed by the correspondence of Otto Igelström, the last Russian ambassador and, at the same time, chief commander of the Russian army in the pre-partition Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. This source material, previously unknown, was collected in Moscow at the Archives of Foreign Policy of the Russian Empire and the Russian State Archives of Ancient Documents and is the key to understanding relations between the neighbouring states that partitioned the Commonwealth. Igelström’s correspondence, in passages revealing both his own military projects and orders received from St Petersburg, demonstrates that Russia, contrary to its diplomatic rhetoric, saw the Second Partition as a step on the road to the expected armed conflict with Prussia. The Russians wanted to make the remaining territory of the Commonwealth, treated as a buffer zone, the theatre of this war. Since Prussia was regarded as a military rival, the partition was carried out so that the Russian Empire, rather than the Kingdom of Prussia, would be more prepared in case of a prospective war between the two countries. Igelström’s main objective was the immediate transfer of the majority of Polish-Lithuanian soldiers under the Russian command. These plans also demonstrate the Russian authorities’ disregard for the political costs of achieving their military objectives, including the threat of an outbreak of uprising in Poland.
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Klaryski krakowskie a powstanie kościuszkowskie 1794 r.

72%
Gąsiorowska P.
Hereditas Monasteriorium
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2012
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vol. 1
99-106
EN
Since the beginning of 18th century and especially during the Great Northern War, the convent of st. Clare was bearing many expenses in order to maintain Polish and foreign (the Saxon, Swedish, Russian, and Prussian) armies. Additionally, there were the costs of war contributions and also buyouts of the equipment, food, horses, cattle, and people arrested or confiscated during the marches of separate troops through the villages belonging to the nuns. At the outbreak of Kościuszko Uprising (24th March 1794) the Clarisses were dutifully performing all recommendations of the insurgent authorities, related with financial support of this patriotic spurt: they have equiped the recruit for the equestrian militia ensuring him clothes, tacked up horse, weapons, the wage; additionally, they have provided people for defense and also prepared bandages. Especially painful for them was the requisition (in the form of a loan) of silver, mostly in the form of valuable liturgical equipment, which they have never recovered. After the fall of Cracow (15th June 1794) the sisters were forced to keep the Prussian troops that were stationed in the city.
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REFLECTIONS ON THE REFORM OF THE LEGAL SITUATION OF PEASANTS DURING THE KOŚCIUSZKO UPRISING OF 1794

72%
Konarski M.
Review of European and Comparative Law
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2018
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vol. 35
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issue 4
41-72
PL
The aim of this article is to analyse issues related to the reform of the legal status of the rural population during the Kościuszko Uprising, which was the first Polish national uprising. The analysis concerns the fundamental reform of the legal situation of peasants introduced by the uprising authorities in 1794, whose aim was to make this social group join the Uprising. The Commander-in-Chief – Tadeusz Kościuszko – announced the reduction of serfdom loathed by Polish peasants and lifted the ban on leaving the land without the permission of the owner. The defeat of the Uprising destroyed peasants’ hopes to be liberated from serfdom. However, it fostered their awareness of being members of the Polish Nation, contrary to the claims of the nobility and the magnates, who considered only their estate to be the Polish Nation and peasants to be their subjects, refusing them the attribute of being Polish.
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Oddział kosynierów z Bieździedzy – powstanie i działalność

72%
Lechwar M.
Roczniki Teologiczne
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2019
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vol. 66
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issue 4: Historia Kościoła
41-53
PL
Powstanie kościuszkowskie z 1794 r. było niezwykle ważnym wydarzeniem w historii Polski. Pamięć o nim, jak i o samym Tadeuszu Kościuszce wlewała w serca Polaków nadzieję na odzyskanie niepodległości. Wzrost świadomości narodowej wśród warstwy chłopskiej w Galicji, połączony z pracą społeczną (w tym także patriotyczną) księży pośród nich, owocował tworzeniem wielu formacji mających na celu podtrzymywanie ducha patriotyzmu. Oddział Kosynierów w Bieździedzy doskonale wpisuje się w ten nurt łączący w sobie idee Młodej Polski z zachętami płynącymi m.in. od bpa Józefa Sebastiana Pelczara. Wiele trudności sprawia dokładne zrekonstruowanie dziejów omawianego oddziału, czego przyczyną są nieliczne źródła pisane. Nieoceniona w takim przypadku pozostaje pamięć ludzi jak i przekazywana tradycja. Niniejszy artykuł przybliża historię powstania bieździedzkiego oddziału Kosynierów i jego losy; omawia umundurowanie i uzbrojenie oraz zaznacza, jaką dziś pełnią funkcję ci, którzy do niego należą.
EN
The Kościuszko Uprising of 1794 was extremely important in the history of Poland. The memory of it, as well as Tadeusz Kościuszko, poured into the hearts of the Poles the hope of regaining independence. The increase of national consciousness among the peasantry in Galicia combined with the social work (including patriotic one) of priests among them resulted in the creation of many formations aimed at maintaining the spirit of patriotism. Kosynierzy unit in Bieździedza perfectly fits into this trend combining the ideas of the Young Poland with the incentives flowing from Bishop Józef Sebastian Pelczar. Many difficulties are caused by the exact reconstruction of the history of the discussed unit, because of very few written sources. The memories of people as well as the tradition passed on are invaluable in this case. This article presents the history of the beginning of the Kosynierzy unit and its fate. The work also describes uniforms and armaments and indicates what role those who belong to him play today.
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Represje Imperium Rosyjskiego wobec uczestników Powstania Kościuszkowskiego

58%
Walentynowicz I.
Studia i Materiały Centralnej Biblioteki Wojskowej
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2021
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issue 1(15)
61-68
EN
After the second partition of Poland in 1793, the insurgent mood reached the moment of the greatest need to take up arms. The article presents the methods of operation of the repressive machine of the Russian Empire, used on Poles during and after the defeat of the Kościuszko Uprising. After the lost battle of Maciejowice, the Polish captives of war were handed a cruel sentence, deportation to the East in order to serve a further punishment. The most prominent leaders were deported to the Peter and Paul Fortress in St. Petersburg. About twenty thousand participants of the uprising and people suspected of supporting it, were exiled deep into the interior of Russia. After the third and final partition of the Republic of Poland, the convicted insurgents had their property confiscated on behalf of the tsarist dignitaries. Repressions against Poles continued until the death of Catherine the Great.
PL
Po drugim rozbiorze Polski w 1793 roku nastroje powstańcze przybrały na sile – odczuwano potrzebę chwycenia za broń. W artykule przedstawiono metody działania machiny represyjnej Imperium Rosyjskiego, stosowanej na Polakach w trakcie Insurekcji Kościuszkowskiej i po jej klęsce. Po przegranej bitwie pod Maciejowicami na jeńców polskich zapadł okrutny wyrok deportacji na wschód celem odbycia srogiej kary. Najwybitniejszych przywódców wywieziono do Twierdzy Pietropawłowskiej do Petersburga. Około 20 tysięcy uczestników powstania oraz osoby podejrzane o jego wspieranie zesłano w głąb Rosji. Po trzecim – ostatecznym – rozbiorze Rzeczypospolitej skazanym powstańcom skonfiskowano majątki na rzecz dygnitarzy carskich. Represje wobec Polaków trwały do śmierci Katarzyny II.
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Dokumenty Komisji Porządkowej Powiatu Grodzieńskiego dotyczące rekwizycji sreber kościelnych kamedułów z Wigier na potrzeby powstania kościuszkowskiego

51%
Morawski K.
Hereditas Monasteriorium
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2015
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vol. 6
399-410
EN
The Kościuszko Uprising began on 24 March 1794, quickly turning into a national uprising against the partitioning powers. From the very beginning of the uprising its leaders called for donations for the army, addressing the call not only to the laity but also to the clergy. Despite people’s generosity, the commander of the uprising, Tadeusz Kościuszko, issued an order of requisition of silver kept in churches. The bodies responsible for enforcing the decree were order commissions established in various administrative units free from the enemy troops. The present article examines the work of the Grodno District Order Commission with regard to the requisition of church silver. The source edition is based on three documents kept in the Central Archives of Historical Records in Warsaw in the fonds Nabytki niedokumentowe Oddziału I [Undocumented Acquisitions of Department I] no. 110, part II. They are: Copy for the Board of the Grodno Commission issued to persons delegated to collect church silver of 24 May 1794; Register of church silver of the Parish Church in Suwałki made in the presence of commissioners delegated for the purpose of 10 June 1794; Register of church silver of the Wigry monastery of the Camaldolese Fathers made in the presence of commissioners delegated for the purpose of 17 June 1794. The published documents can expand the existing body of knowledge of the requisition of church property for the uprising. The scale of this enterprise is not yet fully known to historians of art owing to a lack of sources. This makes isolated surviving relics of that campaign all the more important, relics like the documents published above or accounting books. However, the vagueness of descriptions of the requisitioned objects prevent us from following their subsequent fate.
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Jan Kiliński – symbol warszawskiej wolności

51%
Kuba G.
Studia i Materiały Centralnej Biblioteki Wojskowej
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2021
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issue 1(15)
107-122
EN
The author discusses the situation of Poland during the Kościuszko Uprising, with particular emphasis on Warsaw. A biographical outline of Jan Kiliński and his participation in the Warsaw Uprising are presented. In addition, the references to Jan Kiliński in the fight for independence during World War I, the Polish-Bolshevik war and World War II were analyzed. Examples of the use of Jan Kiliński in poetry, literature and documents of social life (one-day-tickets, postcards) as well as the history of his monument in Warsaw were discussed.
PL
Autor omawia sytuację Polski w okresie Powstania Kościuszkowskiego, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem Warszawy. Przedstawiono rys biograficzny Jana Kilińskiego oraz jego udział w Insurekcji Warszawskiej. Ponadto zanalizowano nawiązania do Jana Kilińskiego w walce o niepodległość w czasie I wojny światowej, wojny polsko-bolszewickiej, II wojny światowej. Omówiono przykłady wykorzystania postaci Jana Kilińskiego w poezji, literaturze i w dokumentach życia społecznego (jednodniówki, pocztówki) oraz przybliżono dzieje jego pomnika w Warszawie.
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Przebieg Powstania Kościuszkowskiego na Wołyniu i Litwie w 1794 roku

44%
Rusinowa I.
Studia i Materiały Centralnej Biblioteki Wojskowej
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2021
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issue 1(15)
19-33
EN
The uprising against Tsarist Russia, which broke out in 1794 in Lithuania, part of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, was an unsuccessful attempt to free Poland and Lithuania from Russian control after the Second Partition of Poland (1793). The uprising lasted from April to August 1794. Its fall was followed by repressions, especially against Polish participants, who were deprived of their property and possessions and subjected to further oppression.
PL
Powstanie na Litwie w 1794 roku przeciwko carskiej Rosji miało na celu odzyskanie niepodległości Polski i Litwy po drugim rozbiorze Polski (1793 roku). Trwało od kwietnia do sierpnia 1794 roku i zakończyło się represjami rosyjskimi w stosunku do polskich uczestników tego wydarzenia.
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