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  1. 4 Historická geografie (Historical Geography)

  2. 3 Estetika: The Central European Journal of Aesthetics

  3. 3 Muzeológia a kultúrne dedičstvo

  4. 3 Studia Historica Nitriensia

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  1. 2 Rožai G.

  2. 1 +Suchevic S.

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  5. 1 Benediková L.

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Krajina jako maska přírody: Estetika subverze versus estetika konformity

100%
Zuska V., Dadejik O.
Estetika: The Central European Journal of Aesthetics
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2007
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vol. 44
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issue 1-4
28-44
EN
The article considers the possibilities of the function and constitution of aesthetic value in the contemporary, ambivalent notion of landscape. It begins with a preliminary analysis of three key concepts central to current discussions - namely, nature, landscape, and environment. It presents one of the dominant models of contemporary ideas about the aesthetics of landscape - the natural environmental model - and in particular its ambition to accommodate both the true character of today's relationship between man and his habitat and our aesthetic experience and understanding of it. Mainly, the essay points out the theoretical difficulties implied in this. In conclusion, the article suggests the hidden ethical dimension of our possible relationship to our environment (that is, nature-in-landscape).
2

CULTURAL ENERGY COMSUMPTION AND HUMAN INFLUENCE ON THE STRUCTURE OF LANDSCAPE IN THE ZABORY DEMESNE IN THE 15TH-18TH C.

100%
Nienartowicz A., Deptula M., Domin D. J.
Kwartalnik Historii Kultury Materialnej
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2008
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vol. 56
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issue 3-4
375-395
EN
The article presents an analysis of cultural energy consumption and structure in the same area (1007 square kilometres) in three years: 1417, 1570 and 1760. In the first period the area under consideration was part of the Tuchola commandry, and the other two it comprised the so called ‘Zabory demesne' (klucz zaborski) in the starosty of Tuchola. Energy consumption was estimated on the basis of the historical data on the age, sex and professional structure of the population, the number of households, farms, workshops and facilities, as well as the data on the acquisition of energy and the energy value of the carriers applied. The consumption of cultural energy in the area was estimated at 62.37 GJ in 1417, 115.02 GJ in 1570, and 280.56 GJ in 1767. In all the periods the largest proportion of energy was obtained from firewood: 95.55% in 1417, 96.66% in 1570 and 97.08% n 1767. Of the three remaining sources, that is waterpower, human and animal labour, the most important was the last one, comprising respectively 2.75%, 1.74% and 1.53%. The study also estimates the decrease of primary production and biomass in the Zabory demesne at the end of the 18th c as a result of economic activity. The influence of economic processes on the structure of landscape was estimated by applying the GIS technology to the analysis of historical cartographic sources, taking into consideration the ratios of primary production and biomass in different types of ecosystems established by ecologists as a part of the International Biological Programme. The decrease of primary production was estimated at 24.11%, while the loss of biomass at 55.04%. To compare, the respective ratios in the ground demesne of the starosty of Tuchola were 31.00% and 64.74%. The analysis of the whole demesne was supplemented with an analysis of a single tar-maker settlement, Asmus, founded in 1686. For this unit within the demesne an energy balance was calculated. The energy value of the mass imported to the settlement was estimated at 10.08 GJ km-2 year-1. The import was mostly food, textiles, tools and everyday utensils. The export of energy from the system was estimated at 721.2 GJ year-1. The ratio of export to import was E/I = 71.55, while calculated as I/E = 0.014. The analysis of the Asmus settlement has also resulted in compiling an ecogram and an energy flow chart, showing the major groups of energy transformers, such as humans, plants, livestock and machines, as well as their interrelation with the environment in terms of the import and export of energy. Another subject of analysis was the structure of landscape around the studied settlement in relation to its cultural metabolism. The analysis has shown that despite the relatively low energy consumption, comparable to other economic units and to the later periods in the history of Asmus, the settlement influenced the natural subsystem to a considerable extent, due to extensive felling. Cartographic materials indicate that the settlement and its surroundings were largely deforested. The final part of the article discusses other methods used in ecoenergetics to estimate the degree of implementing the principles of sustainable development in an economy. The methods include: the measurement of biophysical capital and negentropy cost, the estimation of embodied solar energy (or emergy) and the estimation of the ratio of sustainable development. The article gives the initial calculations of those ratios for some subsystems of the Zabory demesne. In conclusion it is stated that all the energy indexes considered can be applied in monitoring the past, present and future condition of the area under examination, while data gathered by historians and ecologists can be used more effectively through modelling the long-term development of the Zabory region.
3
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Durch den Landschaftsgarten wandeln

100%
Prahl R.
Estetika: The Central European Journal of Aesthetics
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2006
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vol. 42
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issue 4
244-263
EN
A walk was the chief way of taking in a landscape garden in the late eighteenth century, and it was chiefly for walks that landscape gardens were intended. They were composed to present a series of images, as well as a stage for the stylized movement of visitors. The visitors were spectators and also became actors: they were the living staffage of the landscape scene, as is clear from the instructions of the time and from depictions of movement in the outdoors. A walk was not undertaken with the aim of being alone, but was in essence a social act. The landscape garden changed landscape into real nature and real nature into a scene of human self-awareness by way of socialization. In this context direct experience of the body or corporeality of the individual was applied to an extent corresponding to the programme of landscape gardens. This programme was, regardless of the size of the garden, highly complex, and the overall shaping of the garden emphasized freedom of choice, despite the existence of an ideal or official itinerary of its visitors. The essay takes examples mainly from the garden at Schonhof (Northwestern Bohemia, built in 1780s) as well as from its contemporary descriptions.
4

MUSEUMS AS LANDSCAPE ACTIVISTS

100%
Jagodzińska K.
Muzeológia a kultúrne dedičstvo
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2021
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vol. 9
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issue 2
5 – 26
EN
The article discusses the issue of the “extended museum”, raising questions about how museums become active actors in current topical discussions on the shape of cities, what their role is in the processes of city management and how this engagement in external spaces affects the overall mission of museums. The point of reference is the ICOM Resolution on the responsibility of museums towards landscape adopted in 2016, which offered museums legitimacy in taking actions with regard to their environment, beyond museum walls. On the grounds of four case studies of Polish museums I present strategies whereby relations between the museum, authorities and communities are negotiated (regarding the protection of post-industrial and Second World War heritage, the contextualisation of socialist heritage and the struggle for greenery).
5

Melancholijne pejzaże Śląska

100%
Dutka E.
Białostockie Studia Literaturoznawcze
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2012
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vol. 3
79-96
EN
The analysis juxtaposes Fotografie ze Śląska by Jarosław Iwaszkiewicz with Andrzej Stasiuk's brief literary sketch I tak to się kiedyś wszystko skończy. By comparing such dissimilar texts, the author draws attention to the modes of representing industrial and postindustrial space when seen from a certain distance by writers who are unconnected to the region described. Comparative analysis reveals, however, not only differences but also surprising similarities. The texts interpreted share the conviction of a particular "photogenity" and melancholy of Silesian landscapes.
6

VNÍMANIE KRAJINY PODDANÝMI V ČASE TEREZIÁNSKEJ URBÁRSKEJ REGULÁCIE

100%
Tomeček O.
Studia Historica Nitriensia
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2015
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vol. 19
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issue 1
86 – 93
EN
We know relatively little about the perception of contemporary historical landscape by serfs. From the 18th century we have the conscriptions from the age of Maria Terezia where is, inter alia, information about local historical landscape. Data for the conscriptions were reported by the serfs (reeves and jurats), so we can see in it their perception of the landscape, too. The author analyses information about different landscape components in this paper, for example selected settlements of the Zvolen County. From the perspective of historic-geographical research, data of historical land use (area of arable land, meadows, pasture lands, vineyards), availability of firewood and building wood or quality of roads have special notice value. The mentions of local mills, pubs or mine and metallurgical industry are interesting for historical topography. Information about damages caused by torrential rain, floods or severe winter and a lot of snow is worth as well. Stated information can be founded mainly in the 4th point of questionnaires made for Teresian register needs.
7
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Analýza vývoje území jako podklad pro současné plánování (na příkladu Mariánské zahrady na Jičínsku)

100%
Hermova H., Pokova M., Watzko K.
Historická geografie (Historical Geography)
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2007
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vol. 34
350-371
EN
The poetic compound lexeme Marianska Garden is slowly becoming an accepted name for the area of the south-western Jicinsko region, which is an area, where unique fragments of the composed landscape have been preserved. There are no doubts that it is an important cultural inheritance of the region, however, the question is, what to do next. The territorial planning as a tool of sustainable development, based on a balanced relationship of conditions for a favourable environment, economic development and for cohesiveness of the area inhabitants' society should satisfy the needs of the current generation without being a threat to the living conditions of the future generations. Unfortunately, in practice we only rarely come across such regional planning which takes all aspects of this definition into account. Regional planning is more or less just the 'copying' of the previously given models that correspond with the set rules and laws but do not take into account the local conditions, character and connections to the past of the concerned area. Only the research and following analysis of the historical development can help with getting high-quality materials for the suggestions of the future shape of the area. That is why we have tried from a number of different points of view (landscape composition, old roads and development of the area administration structure) to outline in which way the region could further develop to assure that people would not perceive the poetic charm of the baroque compositions only such as a preserved museum exhibit, but to be able to experience it as a part of their everyday activities outdoors in the landscape. The result should be a suggestion showing the historical face of this locality, but not such a one that is distant and free from everyday life, but on the other hand, one which is being actively used. It is improbable that the original plan of all landscape compositions will be revealed, but it is possible to respect a large number of indications and under the current conditions and with the current possibilities try to put the final touches to the environment, which could again, in the true sense of the word, become the 'landscape alive'.
8

VALUES AS A BASE FOR THE VIABLE ADAPTIVE REUSE OF FORTIFIED HERITAGE IN URBAN CONTEXTS

100%
Ebejer J., Staniewska A., Środulska-Wielgus J., Wielgus K.
Muzeológia a kultúrne dedičstvo
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2023
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vol. 11
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issue 2
41-72
EN
The last decades have brought a growing interest in fortified heritage research, protection and reuse in Europe as a result of the demilitarisation of numerous historic defence structures occupied by armies in many countries and used as service facilities during the Cold War. There are various approaches to the conservation of fortified heritage and adaptive reuse is one of them. The values associated with a site should constitute the departure and arrival point for any type of intervention. An essential part of the process therefore should be the appropriate identification of these values to base on them contemporary actions. Fortified heritage has values similar to other forms of urban heritage but it also possesses values that are unique to this form of architecture and landscape. This paper sets out the values that should be taken into consideration when carrying out an adaptive reuse project on fortified heritage. Based on research and on international charters, as well as the writers’ own experience, the paper identifies seven values and makes a distinction between two groups of values, namely: intrinsic (history, memory and identity; scientific and technical; territorial and architectural) and extrinsic (landscape and aesthetic; environmental sustainability; social and cultural; economic). While intrinsic values of fortified heritage are usually well described, less explored are the issues of extrinsic values. The paper presents two case studies, Zamość Fortress and Fort St Elmo, and considers how these values were taken into account in the respective projects.
9
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Prostor města a jeho fázový růst v českých zemích od konce 19. století

100%
Semotanová E.
Historická geografie (Historical Geography)
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2010
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vol. 36
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issue 2
225-254
EN
The issue of phased growth of the town space depending on the number of inhabitants, the development and profile formation of the town in the region and on penetration of towns into the landscape around them opens up a number of questions and problems in the research in relation to the historici land use, economic history and demography. An unusual dimension of research is offered by the study of the picture of historical landscape during individual phases of town expansion all the way to the current sub-urbanizing processes based on comparative map sources of the Czech lands since the second half of the 18th century.
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THE BROKEN TWIG AND BLASTED HEAT. SILESIAN LANDSCAPE AT THE LOOK OF POLISH PEOPLE THE TURN OF XIX AND XX CENTURY (Odrabana galazka i piekielny zar. Slaski krajobraz w oczach Polakow na przelomie XIX i XX wieku)

100%
Kurek J.
Anthropos?
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2011
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issue 16-17
142-152
EN
Author makes an analyze visions of sceneries, which become typical landscape and polish people, who lived in times of XIX and XX century. He uses, Julian Falat's quotation - I have reserved whole strength of nature focus on polish landscapes and sceneries, which I love and which are very special to me because of my family's property. This short sketch shows, that nationality was identified by homestead land and just 'home' word in the meaning of place, where someone was born. Author underlines, the scenery, which has became the landscape and was not made by nature retrace, but it made by a description, which came from perspective of itself and spiritual image. As the final results of this theory, landscape constitutes a permanent feeling of missing for home and motherland. Moreover, the motherland was associated with landscape and bodily. From that moment, polish paintings was transformed nature into the motherland. In the second half of XIX century, polish land presented a special relationship between nationality and paintings. It influenced on period, which was connected with historical paintings. As the author has convinced, when paintings transformed nature into the motherland, then famous polish mountains became beauty, mysterious and lived as long as eternity was comprehended. This whole aspect was loaded in favour of homesickness. The most characteristic symbol was a garden or an orchard, where - as author confirms, it was possible to see domesticated sphere organized by human - this vision constitutes a homestead with virgin nature of fields and forests. In this point, author asks - is it possible to see Silesian landscape with polish language in the times of nineteenth and twentieth century as the landscape of the motherland for polish people? He gives a quick answer - the nineteenth century made the Silesian area as rediscovered space. During the half of nineteenth century the Upper Silesia was much different, than typical polish land. There were many special icons of industry networks. The well-known view of Upper Silesian landscape was consisted of fire, smoke, sounds of iron hammers and sparkles, which were the result of worked factors and steelworks. Author makes an appeal -every single detail created for strangers of amazing spectacle, which was located on the borderline of dream and daydream, reality and mythic experience.
11
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OSÍDLENIE V MIKROREGIÓNE POTOKA JARČ NA STREDNOM (DOLNOM) POVAŽÍ

100%
Daňová K., Gabulová M.
Študijné zvesti
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2014
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issue 55
183 - 206
EN
Choosing section on the micro-region of the stream basin of Jarč for analysis was motivated with the variability of natural environment elements and density of archaeological sources. Hydrologic criterion of the stream Jarč was the basic element in defining the area. The work process consisted of assembly, supplementations and clarification of available archaeological and geographical information on the micro-region. Subsequent digitizing, vectorization and data analysis was carried out in a GIS environment. The output of the predictive model is a map of potential occurrence of archaeological sites in each area. The predictive model indicates that inhabitants used the same landscape features from the Neolithic up to the Early Middle Ages. Some differences were observed in burial places in the Roman Period centralized on locations with low potential. Probably the other factors than the natural environment played an important role in establishing cemeteries (social, religious, etc.) However, these are hardly recognizable.
12
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Rekonstrukční vícerozměrná geovizualizace městských krajin: příkladová studie a perspektivy

100%
Orsulak T., Raska P., +Suchevic S.
Historická geografie (Historical Geography)
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2007
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vol. 34
334-350
EN
The main topic of the paper is multi-dimensional reconstruction of historical development of urban landscape in Klasterec nad Ohri and its geo-visualisation. In the introductory section authors summarize the main development trends in the process of forming a comprehensive scientific study focused on urban landscapes. Attention is paid to studies of the interaction between the society and nature in general (methods of dynamic land use and cover change), specifically the establishment of a field of study called urban ecology and its different approaches throughout the world and finally the interdisciplinary study of urban landscapes aimed at their complex understanding. The term urban landscape used instead of a simple term 'town' is significant here. Urban landscape implicates not only architecture, infrastructure and inhabitants, but also other landscape features incorporated into the structure of a town and also the landscape features of a town as a whole. In the second part, the authors defined the term hyperdata which is absolutely necessary for complex characteristics of urban landscape development. They focused their attention on the characteristics of various methods such as multi-dimensional reconstruction and geo-visualisation, on the potential of data sources and their processing and finally on the application of the method on the example of Klasterec nad Ohri (the territorial growth of the town, but also its architectural concept, internal functional differentiation, tendencies regarding the number of inhabitants or representation of instable and stable housing areas and greenery). The purpose of the final section was to specify selected perspectives of practical applications of reconstruction of urban landscape and their visualisation. The authors also discussed the possibilities of using the method in the development of sustainable tourism through hypothetical as well as actual renovation of historical buildings and structures in the landscape and landscape-architectural aspects of urban development, securing of ecological (environmental functions) of urban landscape and potential and limits of geo-visualisations for these applications.
13

Krajobraz jako cultus agri i cultus animi

100%
Rybczyńska Z.
Prace Kulturoznawcze
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2011
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vol. 12
241-252
EN
The article presents an interpretation of cultural landscape using three related concepts (place, human being, language), which refer to the original meaning of the notion of cultura. Drawing on the results of field studies carried out with a group of Ukrainian students and researchers during a Magurycz Association camp in August 2007 in Grab and Cichania in the Low Beskid region (Poland), the author tries to answer the question of when and how land cultivation becomes cultivation of the soul or, in other words, when and why we become part of a cultural landscape.
14
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Pohledem otevřít: Rozhledna jako specifický estetický objekt

100%
Drlik L.
Estetika: The Central European Journal of Aesthetics
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2007
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vol. 44
|
issue 1-4
45-56
EN
By analyzing and subsequently synthesizing two aesthetically relevant aspects of the observation tower, the author seeks in this article to uncover the special nature and relevance that the observation tower has for aesthetics. The article aims to demonstrate (1) how the characteristics of this special work of architecture correspond to its mission to be the centre of surveying the landscape (the 'external' aspect), (2) what kind of insight into our own existence such experience may provide (the 'internal' aspect), and (3) why the observation tower, together with the view of the landscape, forms a single aesthetic situation (the synthesis of the two aspects).
15

PAMÄŤ A REGIONÁLNA TOPONYMIA (2. ČASŤ)

88%
Rožai G.
Slovenská reč (Slovak Language)
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2018
|
vol. 83
|
issue 2
160 - 173
EN
In our article we focus on the interdisciplinary concept of memory and its use in toponomastic research. The first part of the article focused on the theoretical analysis of the selected concepts of memory used in contemporary humanities and social sciences. We focused mainly on the characteristics and specificities of the concept of memory which is currently used or created in the field of toponomastics. In the second part we present the practical use of this concept in the research of the regional toponymy illustrated on the example of non-standardized (folk) toponymy of three villages in eastern Gemer – Vlachovo, Gočovo, and Nižná Slaná. Thanks to the analysis of the research material with emphasis on three concepts of memory (memory of landscape, language memory, and memory of memorials) and on the toponyms referring specifically to entities that no longer exist, we gain valuable information about the cultural and economic development of the region, as well as about regional peculiarities of the historical development of language. This information is also significant for the formation of the regional identity of the local society.
16

K PROBLÉMU NOVÝCH SYSTÉMOV REPREZENTÁCIE KRAJINY

88%
Rusinová Z.
ARS
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2022
|
vol. 55
|
issue 1
20 - 43
EN
The paper focuses on some fundamental issues of landscape representation systems in connection with new technologies and scope regimes. It is based mainly on environmental aesthetics and ecology criteria, which present it as a summary and complex space with certain specific natural, social, economic and political relationships. In this sense, it also follows the basic theses of the Anthropocene philosophy and its iconography using non-traditional artistic methods combining creativity and research with digital visualisation possibilities. Using examples from contemporary art, text mainly reflects the visualisation of the landscape in three systems of its technical representation, namely projects that use mapping, graphic data and technical images of satellite technologies as well as Google Earth imaging systems, GPS method and neutrality of Google Street View Photography. It shows how the original sensory-perceptual, ideologically uninterested approach to depicting the landscape has now changed to the so-called visually objectified and ecologically engaged. The text aims to demonstrate that from the point of view of art history, the application of digital, especially satellite technologies in the field of artistic creation, also calls for some comparisons with older models of landscape and world representation.
17

PAMÄŤ A REGIONÁLNA TOPONYMIA (1. ČASŤ)

88%
Rožai G.
Slovenská reč (Slovak Language)
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2018
|
vol. 83
|
issue 1
47 – 57
EN
The paper deals with the use of the interdisciplinary concept of memory (theoretically elaborated mainly in Western European scientific space) in toponomastics. The first part of the paper is theoretical as it is focused on the analysis of the current approaches to the understanding of the term memory in the broader context of various humanities and social sciences as well as in the narrower focus on the sphere of the toponomastic research. The comparison of the presented concepts points to the specifics of perception of the concept of memory in toponomastics which result from the nature of the research subject matter. In the next part, we will present the practical use of this concept in the research of the regional toponymy, shown on the example of unofficial toponymy of three villages in East Gemer – Vlachovo, Gočovo, and Nižná Slaná.
18

CONCEPTS AND RECORDS OF PERFORMANCE GROUPS AT THE PEDVALE OPEN AIR ART MUSEUM (1991-2009) (Performancu grupu koncepcijas un hronika Pedvales Brivdabas makslas muzeja (1991-2009)

88%
Jankovska Z.
Makslas Vesture un Teorija
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2011
|
vol. 14
37-50
EN
In the Latvian art-historical context, Pedvale Open Air Art Museum (POAM) is regarded as a continuation of the sculpture park near Bierini in Riga that began life in the 1980s. Sculptor Ojars Feldbergs set about realising his idea of an open-air art park in 1991. Processes in the Museum are regulated by a concept that envisages the integration of the natural landscape, agricultural landscape, cultural heritage and art in a unified environment; the aim is to create a place where the creative idea could both mature and be embodied in harmony with the landscaped environment and finally become part of that environment. POAM for Feldbergs is part of his creative work in which he envisages something and directs its further realisation, performing in the process as an artist or actor. Thus each artefact created in the Museum is not to be detached from the sculptor's personality and assessment of the artwork, functioning as the main criterion of selection and subjective critique of contemporary processes. Feldbergs' performances can be divided into three categories: 1. Performance as an element complementing the event; 2. Performance ending up in the form of an installation; 3. Performance that is created using a previously prepared sculptural work. Performances at POAM can be classified in four categories: 1. Ritual-type performances close to the Baltic traditions and forms of festivities; 2. Artworks based on modern dance; 3. Artworks synthesised with the open-air objects, installations or sculptures on view at the permanent exposition, thus interacting with the form and location of the artwork; 4. Performance as a pure form of visual art in which the human body plays the leading role.
19

Fotograficzna i socjologiczna interpretacja krajobrazu

88%
Siostrzonek J.
Prace Kulturoznawcze
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2011
|
vol. 12
253-261
EN
The general problem of shaping the human person, i.e. the question of cultura animi, is examined in the context of the links between human beings and culture that should be treated as a consequence of the development of the visual media. In this sense, these reflections represent an iconic turn in the reflection on culture. The fact that natural landscape has acquired the status of cultural landscape, the visual representations of this phenomenon and the ability to read them are the basic issues that allow us to better describe today’s experience of nature and, as a result, to better understand ourselves.
20
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KITSCH HAPPENS. ON THE KITSCH EXPERIENCE OF NATURE (HOMMAGE À TOMÁŠ KULKA)

88%
Ryynänen M.
ESPES
|
2019
|
vol. 8
|
issue 2
10 – 16
EN
Tomáš Kulka notes in Kitsch and Art, that natural landscape cannot be called kitsch. The kitsch needs to be produced by a human being, he says. I agree with that. Experience-wise it is more complicated, though. Sometimes kitsch affects our experience of landscapes. It is not just that our overwhelming culture of images affects how we see nature, but that also sugared, sentimental and stereotypical kitsch images of nature, that we see in postcards and social media, affect our experience of e.g. sunsets and picturesque landscapes. We might desire to fight back, but at least we need to understand and to some extent accept our situation. The kitsch is in our experience even when there is no kitsch around, and our experiences of nature prove that.
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