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Zum Modell des sozialen Kräftefeldes einer Standardvarietät

100%
Maroszova J.
Linguistica Pragensia
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2008
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vol. 18
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issue 1
10-26
EN
This paper deals with the social forces working on the language standard. The model presented in the following text is mainly based on U. Ammon's sociolinguistic researches and on J. Habermas' recent comments on the theory of communication. Further, it is embedded in the more general context of having authority and social power. The first part of the model is represented by the imagination of the language norm that the language speakers and writers (text producers) share and by the language codex as a written, officially recognized product of codification. The social roles played by the language speakers constitute the second part. The model distinguishes between the role of the language users ('practitioners') and the established role of the critics. The latter can split into several part roles (codifiers, norm authorities and language experts). Finally, the third part of the model consists of texts as products of communication.
2

THE POSITION AND ROLE OF DIALECT AND STANDARD LANGUAGE IN GERMAN-SPEAKING SWITZERLAND, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO SCHOOLING

70%
Szabo J.
Magyar Nyelvor (Hungarian Language Guardian)
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2005
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vol. 129
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issue 1
59-70
EN
The author sketches the present-day linguistic situation in Switzerland and its historical background; then he discusses the main characteristics of bidialectalism in German-speaking parts of the country. As one of the most conspicuous features he mentions that Swiss German and Standard German coexist with an equal status and in well-differentiated functions. He gives a detailed overview of the place and role of local dialects and Standard German in schooling, and briefly considers the related reform-pedagogical attempts. He also summarises how German schools in Switzerland try to solve the not at all easy task that school-leavers should guard and retain their mother dialect while, at the same time, they should master standard (literary) German during their studies.
3
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Spisovnost a její zdroje

61%
Cvrcek V.
Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)
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2006
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vol. 67
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issue 1
46-60
EN
Although 'literary language', i.e. standard language or 'spisovna cestina', was the central notion of the Prague Linguistic Circle's Theory of the Cultivation of Language, it has never been defined. This article deals with the problem of definition of 'literariness', a concept which forms the base for the codification criterion of 'correspondence with the literary norm'. Several attempts to define it or to provide criteria for 'literariness' were made, but, as the author explains, none of them were successful in reproducing the codified set of language means. These attempts can be divided into two groups: nominalistic and realistic. The former suggests that literariness (i.e. being a part of literary/standard language) is 'a mere label', a characteristic that is acquired by being codified, the latter supposes that language means are standard or nonstandard (or something in between) depending on their usage. The nominalistic approach appears to be inadequate, as it provides no opportunity for language development. Realistic criteria, however, are either methodologically dubious or highly controversial among Czech linguists.
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