The article describes shops and shopping opportunities which are seen as one of the active factors supporting the change of traditional way of dressing in Východná, Važec and Štrba villages. It depicts constituent forms of customer ś contacts with consumer goods during the 20the century in the upper areas of the Liptov region and it points out the change-creating moments in clothing that had been brought by the above mentioned contacts. It also notes the current form of purchases and the most used and visited shops.
Long tradition of archaeological research in Liptov is in contrast with excavated Palaeolithic sites. Rescue excavation at the position of Kaštieľ sv. Žofie in northeast Ružomberok at the confluence of rivers Revúca and Váh in 2002 brought sporadic finds of chipped stone industry. Typology of raw materials dated them to the Epipalaeolithic. Typology of the artefacts is not distinctive. Blades and their fragments (6 pieces) occurred apart from flakes (4 pieces). Cultural classification of the artefacts is problematic; Swiderian or Magdalenian (recently proved at Stará Ľubovňa in Spiš) cultures are possible. The majority of finds from Ružomberok are obviously of Epipalaeolithic age, but with no further cultural classification. Camps situated in the vicinity of thermal springs are more numerous. Neanderthal men sought for hot springs as soon as in the middle Palaeolithic (Bešeňová). The finds of chipped stone industry from Ružomberok are the first evidence of Epipalaeolithic settlement in Liptov. Very probably it was a short-term hunter’s camp with advantageous position over the confluence of two rivers providing ideal conditions for tracking and hunting of migrating game. The new sporadic Epipalaeolithic finds are known from the other sites in Liptov (Východná and Liptovská Teplá-Kalameny) as well. The camps in Liptov were connected with Polish ones through the region of Orava where several Epipalaeolithic sites with occurrence of radiolarite and flint chipped stone industry were found. An isolated artefact on the line to Orava was found at the site of Oravice. Existing absence of Palaeolithic finds has been caused by insufficient field activities and detailed prospection and does not reflect real cultural conditions of prehistoric Liptov.
Bobbin lacemaking belongs to the most difficult textile techniques which were widespread in the past. Typical patterns of folk bobbin lace emerged almost in all regions of Slovakia. They were different in the way of making, patterns and colouring. The lace was used especially on the folk and ceremonial clothes, less as an interior textile. In the past women made bonnet bobbin lace bands with splendid patterns without using a template and pins in more Liptov villages. The Liptov Museum in Ružomberok takes an interest in reviving of forgotten old working processes to awake the public interest in the original Liptov folk bonnet lace. Through various activities it tries to bring it back among the contemporary manufacturing and art techniques. At present it is preferred in the folk art design the trend combining folk arts and crafts with personal authorial approach. Traditional folk textile techniques involving bobbin lacemaking are a source of inspiration. Designers like to experiment with materials, their processing and modification that result in creating of unique and attractive products.
The contribution presents new Early Medieval finds from hill fort Prosiek-Hrádok (district of Liptovský Mikuláš) on the ancient trail connecting the regions Liptov and Orava and leading further to north. This strategical area was used also in the Late Bronze Age as well as at the end of Middle La Tène (Púchov culture). In 2007 inside the fortification uncovered hoard contained besides other artefacts parts of harness (spurs, stirrup) and armament (winged lance). According to this hoard as well as the types of earrings found in Prosiek and Liptovská Mara came to the colonisation of Liptov not before the (second) half of 9th cent. However, the attention is also paid to new finds from the hill fort Ostrá skala near Vyšný Kubín in Lower Orava valley well-known from the excavation in 70–80-ties. Several single early medieval artefacts and a scrap hoard were discovered by detector hunting in 1987. The found plain nomadic arrow heads from both sites belong to the end of 9th and to the 10th cent. The Early Medieval settlement of both North Slovak regions despite some new finds and two hoards of iron tools stay limited on a few sites.
The study presents the results of a new form of research on the official elites in the counties at the time of great changes in the role of county administrations in the 18th century. Evidence of the process of building nepotism comes from uncovering the family backgrounds of members of the Liptov official elite on the basis of registers and genealogical tables. Thus, the study adds a new dimension to the, at first sight, uninteresting lists of members of the county administration. There was a dense network of blood and “spiritual” kinship ties in the background of the selection of elected officials. They started with the richest and most influential Liptov families: Okolicsány and Szent-Ivány, members of which were elected to the position of deputy sheriff. The both families relied on help from the sheriff from the Illésházy family, who appointed officials if one died or suddenly resigned from his position.
The North Carpathian group is an archaeological culture of the central European Late Roman and Early Migration period (4th and the 5th century AD) for which high altitude settlement at difficult to access mountain locations is typical. The choice of such a location has been linked to social and political instability and the proximity of iron ore sources. Here we present archaeological material from two recently discovered and excavated sites of this culture group located in characteristic locations Žiar, southern slope of Solisko, which lies in the Liptov region and Dolný Kubín-Veľký Bysterec, Podtarnikovo in the Orava region. Radiocarbon dates on short-lived plant remains samples place both settlements to the period of the second half of the 4th to the first third of the 5th century AD. The results of our analysis of recovered material culture, topography and raw materials distribution correlated with other available data for the period in these two regions confirm 1. The availability of iron ore in the vicinity (max. 5 km) of almost every known site of the North Carpathian group, 2. Location of settlements almost exclusively at a greater distance from the main watercourses, but always in visual contact with strategic points (fords, confluences, communications). The evidence of both eco-facts and artefacts jointly demonstrate local production of plant crops and indicate permanent settlements and subsistence farming strategy. Therefore we interpret the high altitude sites of the North Carpathian group firstly as regular settlements, not refuge places which were considered by multiple authors.
Intensification of competition at the market requires paying more attention to marketing communication issues. Marketing communication based on effective communication strategy including the using of optimal communication mix can be considered just as a source of competitive advantage for service-base enterprises in tourism, too. That is why the authors focused their research on this issue. The article presents partly results and conclusions of theoretical research and also empirical survey of marketing communication of service-base enterprises in tourism from region Liptov. In the last part of the article they present one of the options or ways how to optimize decision-making process of the marketing communication tools choosing or the optimal communication mix compilation. They give the example of the application of multi-criterion valuation of more variants/alternatives. Decision making process is supported by programme Expert Choice.
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