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Transmutations of the 'Selbst': Mysticism, Luther and Existentialism

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Piorczynski J.

Przegląd Filozoficzny. Nowa Seria

2005

vol. 14

issue 2(54)

115-133

According to the German mysticism initiated by Master Eckhart the self (Selbst, or Selbstheit) is integrated by the power of his will and makes a mystical union with other entities possible. Master Eckhart was not able, however, to construct a theory of mystical union between the soul and God for several reasons. First, according to the pantheistic formulation of Eckhart's philosophy God is in the soul and acts through the soul, and thus God cannot be additionally integrated with the soul. Secondly, again typically for the pantheistic perspective, Eckhart holds that the soul may perish, and nothing can mystically unite with what is nothingness. Thirdly, the finitude of the human existence puts man outside the absolute. Mysticism seems therefore pointless or futile. This situation changes completely with Martin Luther who proclaimed the fundamental impossibility of transformation of human existence and puts man entirely at God's mercy. This picture is further modified by existentialism, which holds that the human self, as shown in the writings of Frederic Jacobi, can be considered the ultimate, if not absolute, reality.

Upór – nowe oblicze pewności. Luter a nowoczesność

63%

Bartoś T.

Kwartalnik Filozoficzny

2017

vol. 45

issue 4

37-55

Stubbornness – a new mode of cognitive being in the world. Resolve (Entschlossenheit), decisiveness – this is how we can philosophically characterize Luther’s attitude, which is in fact a continuation of medieval disputes, and of the Franciscan and Ockhamist nominalist priority of will over reason, decision over cognition. This is linked with the modern passion for certainty – first, religious certainty (Reformation, Counter-Reformation) and then philosophical certainty, in the new Cartesian/Leibnizian paradigm of philosophizing more geometrico. Finally, there is the scientistic illusion of possessing the philosopher’s stone. All these changes thoroughly modified the notion of truth and how it is employed, giving rise to a new doctrinairism as an invention of modernity. The first to take a stand against this trend was Nietzsche, writing of truth as “a mobile army of metaphors, metonyms, and anthropomorphisms,” fretting poetically over his own thoughts: at first joyous and soaring, they coagulate in deadly earnest and harden into – God forbid – truths. Here the notion of truth as being right is fundamentally shaken. This work was continued systematically and effectively in the 20th century by Martin Heidegger.

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1 Kwartalnik Filozoficzny

1 Przegląd Filozoficzny. Nowa Seria

1 Bartoś T.

1 Piorczynski J.

1 2017

1 2005

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Transmutations of the 'Selbst': Mysticism, Luther and Existentialism

Upór – nowe oblicze pewności. Luter a nowoczesność