The author is working on a text about comical transgressions in culture, entitled Niepoważność; the published article is a fragment. One of the mourners attending a funeral of an English soldier is the deceased’s best friend, dressed in a bright yellow summer frock and pink knee socks. This costume is connected with a promise made by the two men on the battlefield: of one of them were to perish then the other would dress in this way for the funeral. The ethnologist places the event within a wider cultural context, not satisfied with a psychological explananation. It is precisely the anthropologist who can decipher in assorted ways the symbolic content of the funeral transgression: in an individual case he should perceive despair and rebellion, while a collective act should be interpreted as an expression of the state of death, its acceptance and overcoming
The study analyses the reflection of laughter in medieval Russia in medieval literary studies from the 1970s to the present. Special attention is paid to the interpretation of laughter in the book by D. S. Likhachov and A. M. Panchenko The World of Laughter of Ancient Russia and the following reaction and re-interpretation of this issue in the texts of the Russian semioticians J. M. Lotman and B. A. Uspenski. The study also attempts to outline possible reasons why laughter does not appear in the writings of medieval Russia, which is a phenomenon that literary studies — being so far concentrated particularly on formulating the specifics of “Russian laughter” — have largely neglected.
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