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Nomos i Ho Nomos w listach Pawłowych

100%
Rakocy W.
The Biblical Annals
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2011
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vol. 1
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issue 1
165-182
EN
At least since Origen there has been discussion how to understand in Paul's Epistles an articular and anarthrous form of nomos in relation to the Mosaic law. The consensus is that no firm rule can be established on the basis of the article's presence or absence. In this paper we indicated some trends in using and omitting the article. Context still remains a very important guide but our contribution consists in paying attention to the so-called Oral Tradition. In this way some unsolved cases can be explained.
2
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Czy tylko apokaliptyka? ΠΑΣΧΩ i ΠΑΘΗΜΑ w kontekście Rz 8 oraz Ga 3

80%
Seminare. Poszukiwania naukowe
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2016
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vol. 37
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issue 1
15-25
EN
In the long history of interpreting Pauline epistolarium and, in particular, the Letters to the Galatians and Romans, some authors have discovered that both texts contain apocalyptic motives, or they have postulated their apocalyptic reading. As it has been contended, the main arguments in support of such an interpretation comprise, among other things, the linguistic style as well as imagery drawing on the apocalyptic writings associated with the traditions of the Old Testament. The author of the present article points to the use of terms πάσχω and πάθημα in the letters to the Galatians and Romans and puts forward a hypothesis that in the context of these texts, St. Paul used the theological topos of the Exodus and the means of expression characteristic of apocalyptic which was at the time a popular method of presenting both the meaning of past events and the imperatives arising from the truth about reconciliation with God.
PL
W wielowiekowej historii interpretacji epistolarium Pawłowego, a w szczególności Listów do Galatów i do Rzymian niektórzy autorzy odkrywali, że w obydwu tych pismach znaleźć można wątki apokaliptyczne, albo też wnioskowali apokaliptyczną ich lekturę. Argumentami przemawiającymi za uznaniem takiego stanu rzeczy jest według nich między innymi szata lingwistyczna i obrazowość nawiązująca do pism apokaliptycznych związanych z tradycjami Starego Testamentu. Autor artykułu zwraca uwagę na użycie w listach do Galatów i do Rzymian terminów πάσχω i πάθημα i stawia hipotezę o wykorzystaniu przez św. Pawła w kontekście tych listów toposu teologicznego Exodusu wraz z oprawą medialną apokaliptyki będącej wówczas w modzie metody prezentacji zarówno przesłania wydarzeń dawnych jak i imperatywów płynących z prawdy o pojednaniu z Bogiem.
3
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Narodzenie z wody i z Ducha w J 3,5 jako gwarant dostąpienia królestwa Bożego

80%
Kern K.
Scriptura Sacra
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2019
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issue 23
139-159
EN
The article presents a new look at the subject of the birth of water and of the Spirit (John 3,5) which is necessary for attainment of the kingdom of God. It is a new birth for the Christian in his life. The explanation of the meaning of the birth of water and of the Spirit is difficult, because it is found only once in the Holy Bible (John 3,5). The pericope John 3,1-21 is compared with other texts of the Holy Scripture (especially with the Gospel of John, the Letter to the Galatians and the Book of Ezekiel). In the Gospel of John and the Letter to the Galatians it occurs an opposition between the flesh and the Spirit (John 3,6 and Gal 5,19-23). And also the meanings of works done in God (John 3,21) and of the fruit of the Spirit (Gal 5,22-23) can be the same. People who do the works of the flesh “shall not obtain (not inherit) the kingdom of God” (Gal 5,21). The text Gal 5,4-6 is very important, because it shows the importance of Christ and the Spirit in the Christian life. In the Book of Ezekiel God promises the sprinkling of clean water, a new heart, a new spirit and a gift of His Spirit (Ezek 36,25-27). Jesus Christ is “the Lamb of God who takes away the sin of the world” (John 1,29) and “baptizes with the Holy Spirit” (John 1,33). In this work it is discussed the meanings of words “water” and “spirit” in the phrase “to born of water and the Spirit” (John 3,5).
4
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Niewystarczalność Prawa w wychowaniu według Listu do Galatów

80%
Stasiak S.
Verbum Vitae
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2012
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vol. 21
159-181
EN
St. Paul in his Letter to the Galatians does not criticise all the stipulations of Law. He pays attention only to the works required by the Law and rejects them as insufficient for the proper education of the Christians. Considering this insufficiency of the Law, St. Paul claims that it was based on inheritance and not on the promise given to Abraham (3:16). The Law was limited and served as an educator (3:24-25). So, the purpose and the way of education is the Gospel of Christ (1:6-9) which the Apostle received directly from the Resurrected (1:12) and then presented to the most influential people in Jerusalem, thus acquiring their acceptance (2:1-2). Incarnation of the Son of God (4:4-5), crucifixion and death of Jesus (2:19-21, 3:1, 6:14) and the descent of the Holy Spirit (4:6) are the three essential elements of Paul’s Gospel. Another crucial constituent of education according to the Letter to the Galatians is faith (2:16), and more precisely, the obedience of faith (3:1-5), which in no case can be connected with the stipulations of Law.
5
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The Function of the Allusion to Aristophanes’ Birds in the Parable of the Unjust Steward (Lk 16:1–8)

80%
Adamczewski B.
Collectanea Theologica
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2021
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vol. 91
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issue 2
21-36
PL
Aluzja do Ptaków Arystofanesa odgrywa ważną rolę w intertekstualno-ilustracyjnej retoryce Łukaszowej przypowieści o nieuczciwym rządcy (Łk 16,1–8). Ludzie zazwyczaj przyjmują, że dobre systemy prawne promują moralną uczciwość i prawną sprawiedliwość. Na tym tle Pawłowa idea obecności Prawa, ale także jego nieskuteczności w promowaniu sprawiedliwości (Ga 3,19b; por. 3,21), jest dość trudna do wyjaśnienia. Aby zobrazować tę Pawłową ideę w sekwencyjnym hipertekstualnym przepracowaniu Listu do Galatów, Łukasz użył aluzji do komedii Arystofanesa, która prezentowała ateński system prawny jako podobnie nieskuteczny wobec działalności moralnie zepsutego donosiciela prawnego: sykofanta. Łukaszowy nieuczciwy rządca nie tylko używa języka ateńskiego sykofanta, ale także podejmuje podobną, pozornie legalną, lecz moralnie niesprawiedliwą działalność, kwestionując w ten sposób skuteczność całego system prawnego w promowaniu sprawiedliwości. Przepracowanie sekwencji Pawłowych idei wyjaśnia znaczenie enigmatycznej przypowieści o nieuczciwym rządcy (Łk 16,1–8).
EN
The allusion to Aristophanes’ Birds plays an important role in the intertextual-illustrative rhetoric of the Lucan parable of the unjust steward (Lk 16:1–8). People generally assume that good legal systems promote moral honesty and legal justice. Against this background, the Pauline idea of the presence of the law, but also its ineffectiveness in giving righteousness (Gal 3:19b; cf. 3:21), is quite difficult to explain. In order to illustrate this Pauline idea in his sequential hypertextual reworking of the Letter to the Galatians, Luke used the allusion to Aristophanes’ comedy, which presented the classical Athenian legal system as likewise ineffective against the activity of the morally corrupt legal agent, the sycophant. The Lucan unjust steward not only uses the language of the Athenian sycophant, but also engages in similar, apparently legal but morally unjust activity, thus questioning the effectiveness of the whole legal system in promoting righteousness. The reworking of the sequence of Pauline ideas explains the meaning of the enigmatic parable of the unjust steward (Lk 16:1–8).
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