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Dwie wersje Rocznika miechowskiego oraz jego nieznana kontynuacja (w świetle analizy Miechovii Samuela Nakielskiego)

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Chojnacki A.
Hereditas Monasteriorium
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2012
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vol. 1
57-71
EN
Annales Miechovienses started in the Middle Ages in the Order of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem in Miechów. In the 19th and 20th centuries three editions of this Annales were done (1866, 1872, 1960). During the World War II the book with the manuscript, on the basis of which this chronicle has been issued in print, was irretrievably lost but fortunately, the photographies of the text of Annales were preserved. Some of the historians believed, that even in the 17th century in the monastery in Miechów existed two copies of manuscripts of the Annales Miechovienses: the first one, that in 19th and 20th centuries became the basis of editions, and the second one – completely unknown. The proof of the existence of two different versions was to be the difference between the text presently known as Annales, and the quotes from the monastic chronicle included in the Samuel Nakielski’s book Miechovia sive promptuarium antiquitatum monasterii Miechoviensis, published in Cracow in the thirties and forties of the 17th century. According to some researches, the differences indicate that Nakielski drew his quotations from an unknown manuscript of the Annales Miechovienses. However, the analysis of Nakielski’s citations from other texts, with different narrative sources, indicates, that the author of Miechovia was not always passing the borrowed quotes accurately: he often introduced changes and amendments (he was adding his own sententeces, shortening them, changing dates etc.). Therefore, the differences between the text of Annales known today, and references to it in Miechovia, could not be a sufficient argument for the thesis statement outlined above. The analysis of Miechovia suggests, that the source from which Nakielski was quoting the passages of monastic chronicle, contained additionaly other texts missing in the manuscript book, part of which is presently known as the text of Annales Miechovienses. Therefore, it is a proof that, indeed, in Nakielski’s times existed two manuscripts of the work, placed in two different books. Presumably, the unknown version of Annales Miechovienses was more extensive one than the version preserved to this day.
2
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Barok wileński na artystycznej mapie Europy Środkowej

100%
Baranowski A.
Biuletyn Historii Sztuki
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2011
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vol. 73
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issue 3-4
281-340
EN
Structurally, Wilno churches cannot rival many works created in Austria, Bohemia, Bavaria, as well as Silesia, Little Poland, Great Poland, or the territories of Crown Ruthenia. Not much experimenting was carried out in their inside with space, with traditional forms having been retained. However, the architecture of columned altars set at different angles is autonomous architecture here and this makes the rigid wall frames blast thanks to which this space as if no longer connected achieves full freedom and dynamism. Wilno altars are one of the major issues in Late Baroque.
3
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Zespoły grobowe z krzemiennymi płoszczami w Małopolsce i na Wołyniu

100%
Bargieł B., Libera J.
Wiadomości Archeologiczne
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2005
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vol. LVII
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issue 57
3-27
EN
Large bifacially-worked flint points also called projectiles (other names: spearpoints, daggers) constituted a regular element of the tool inventory of the communities inhabiting the territory of the Little Poland and Volhynia, especially in the Early Bronze Age. Despite their considerable number (over 350 items) almost 90% of the collection comprises stray finds that is ones which are deprived of the archaeological context. A third of the remaining group represents artefacts obtained from destroyed and impossible to reconstruct features, which were typically found by accidental discoverers. So far, 39 projectile points are known which were recorded in graves in the Little Poland and Volhynia, of which 13 come from destroyed burials or constitute the so called stray finds obtained from the surface of inhumation cemeteries (Table 1). An analysis of three most important cemeteries (Czerniczyn, site 3, Strzyżów and Torczyn) allows us to conclude that flint projectiles appear in the early phase of the Mierzanowice Culture. They occur in graves which are devoid of ceramics and in which the individuals exhibited various degrees of crouching. The mutual similarity between these points paved the way for distinguishing the points of the Czerniczyn-Torczyn type (Fig. 19) including both the lean and bulky forms with a triangular and leaf-shaped top. They had a short or long tang which could be either weakly or clearly distinguished (Fig. 1–5, 8B.D, 9, 10, 12, 13, 18). In the late phase of the Mierzanowice Culture, asymmetrical points occur which are made of local raw material and constitute transitional forms between the tanged projectile points of the Czerniczyn-Torczyn type and the tangless specimens (Fig. 6, 14). Quite different points are connected with the Strzyżów Culture, which have so far been known only from one cemetery in Raciborowice-Kolonia, site II, grave 23 and 24. They represent the sub-oval and pentagonal type (Fig. 6, 14). The problem of determining the specific usage of this type of bifacial tool by the societies of the Trzciniec and Lusatian Cultures is extremely difficult. Taking into account the knowledge of the bilaterally retouch technique it is impossible to exclude the possibility that the people of these cultures knew and were able to produce flint projectile points. Nonetheless, in the case of the artefacts under discussion, it is highly probable that both cultures adopted the points of the “older cultures”. The problem of the origins of the bifacial points produced in the Volhynian workshops is yet to thoroughly study. The lean and bulky triangular and leaf-shaped tanged projectile points which were produced there, as well as the analogical tools with weakly distinguished tangs called projectiles of the Czerniczyn-Torczyn type, should probably viewed as connected with the people of the so called Gródek-Zdołbica group of the Mierzanowice Culture at the territory of Volhynia. On the other hand, in the Little Poland, their presence should be associated with the phenomenon of ceramic-free crouched burials of this culture, which was established on the basis of uncalibrated radiocarbon dates obtained from the cemetery in Czerniczyn (1770 ± 30 BC and 1740 ± 30 BC) and similar features (devoid of projectile points) discovered in Szpikołosy Kolonia – 1790 ± 70 BC and in Świerszczów Kolonia, site 28 – 1870 ± 40 BC (Fig. 24). Generally, this phenomenon should be connected with the second quarter of the 18th century BC and synchronised with the early phase of the Mierzanowice Culture. Another horizon of the occurrence of projectile points at the territory under discussion can be determined by lean leaf-shaped tangless points having a bottom with a distinguished base. An item of this type comes from a destroyed grave from Beresteczko, and also from the Dniester and Horodenka rivers. The appearance of flint projectile points in the Western Ukraine was most probably due to the Gródek-Zdołbice people who produced them in the workshops situated beyond the upper sections of the Horyn and Styr rivers, from where they spread into the area of Polesie, Little Poland, Mazowsze, Podlasie and the Sieradz Land (Fig. 20–23). In the later period they were supplemented by tools based on local raw materials, that is, the Świeciechów, chocolate, and Jurassic flint (Fig. 25). The flint projectile points should undoubtedly be viewed as multifunctional tools which could be used at work, battle, as well as the attributes of power. At a later stage, probably from the second half of the classic phase of the Mierzanowice Culture, they began to be replaced by other multifunctional bifacial tools such as sickle-shaped knives having a similar function as points (stilettos, knives, daggers, sickles), which were frequently deposited at the cemeteries of this culture at the territory of Sandomierz Upland (Mierzanowice, Wojciechowice, Złota). Initially, both these forms could have co-existed. The reversal of the quantitative proportions took place towards the end of the classic phase of the Mierzanowice Culture. It should be noted that a series of both tools bare similar macro-traces of work in the form of gloss (almost lustrous) with a similar location with respect to their cutting-edges and the top.
4
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Katalog rubrycel i schematyzmów polskich cystersów znajdujących się w księgozbiorze podręcznym Archiwum Diecezjalnego w Kielcach (1788–1816)

100%
Kwaśniewski A.
Hereditas Monasteriorium
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2012
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vol. 1
189-205
EN
The Diocesan Archive in Kielce stores the collection of calendars and catalogues of different dioceses and monastic provinces of Poland, containing 19th and 20th centuries prints and several old prints. Part of this collection are Cistercian calendars and catalogues (five old prints and six 19th century prints). The subject of research in this paper are Cistercian ecclesiastical directories and schematisms. The researched Cistercian prints come from the turn of the 18th century. It was the time of annexations and boundary changes in Poland. The directories and catalogues represent the changing jurisdictional affilliances of the Polish Cistercian monasteries.The discussed prints consist of the calendar – directory and the catalogue – schematism. The directory (directorium) – liturgical calendar – is a valuable source for research about the divine service of Polish Cistercians. A meaningful historical source is the catalogue of the monasteries and people, printed and co-published with the Directorium. An additional source is a list of deceased printed from 1803. From the eleven Cistercian prints preserved in the Diocesan Archive in Kielce, seven are not listed in the Bibliografia polska by Estreichers (from the Old Polish period five old prints, from the 19th century prints – two).
5
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Badania archeologiczne prowadzone przez muzeum żup krakowskich Wieliczka w roku 2017

80%
Fraś J. M.
Studia i Materiały do Dziejów Żup Solnych w Polsce
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2019
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vol. 33
262-285
EN
The study indicates discoveries made by employees of the Cracow Saltworks Museum in Wieliczka in 2017, that contribute to larger, comprehensive analyses. In the described year, surveys were conducted on site 43 in Bochnia–Chodenice. Research resulted in identification of new historical artefacts dated at the Mesolithic, Neolithic and Bronze Age. The largest quantity of findings is assigned to the Lengyel–Polgár cultures. The identified historical objects also represent the Linear Band Pottery culture, the Mierzanowice and Lusatian cultures. All findings are considered and analysed in the context of salt making by brine evaporation, a method common in prehistory in the Wieliczka and Bochnia region The materials discovered over seasons on the site located in Bochnia–Chodenice principally give a new insight into the topic of salt making in Neolithic cultures. The most important findings originate from the Malice and Lublin–Volhynia cultures.
PL
Artykuł sygnalizuje odkrycia dokonane przez pracowników Muzeum Żup Krakowskich Wieliczka w Wieliczce w roku 2017, które są przyczynkiem do większych całościowych opracowań. W opisywanym roku badania prowadzono na stanowisku 43 w Bochni Chodenicach. Doprowadziły one do identyfikacji kolejnych zabytków związanych z okresem mezolitu, neolitu oraz epoki brązu. Największa ilość znalezisk wiąże się z szeroko pojętym kręgiem lendzielsko–polgarskim. Ponadto identyfikowane są zabytki kultury ceramiki wstęgowej rytej, kultury mierzanowickiej oraz kultury łużyckiej. Wszystkie odkrycia rozpatrywane są w aspekcie rozpowszechnionego w pradziejach, w regionie wielicko–bicheńskim, pozyskiwania soli metodami warzelniczymi. Odkrycia dokonane w kolejnych sezonach na stanowisku w Bochni–Chodenicach wnoszą nowe spojrzenie przede wszystkim na problematykę warzelnictwa kultur neolitycznych. Do najistotniejszych należą ustalenia związane z kulturą malicką oraz kulturą lubelsko wołyńską.
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Dokumenty papierowe i pergaminowe z lat 1571–1903 pochodzące z archiwum klasztornego oo. Bernardynów we Lwowie, przechowywane w Archiwum Prowincji oo. Bernardynów w Krakowie

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Murawiec W. F., Sitnik A. K., Żuchowski K., Gawicki K.
Hereditas Monasteriorium
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2012
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vol. 1
209-283
EN
Order of Friars Minor, called Observants, was established in Poland on the basis of indigenous structures, thanks to action of st. John Kapistran, Italian Franciscan, acting in Cracow in 1453. Polish Observants, called Bernardines from the first convents in Cracow, Warsaw, Lviv, and Poznań, were they received a summon from st. Bernardine from Siena, the famous preacher and refomer of the Order of St. Francis of Assisi, had a provincial organization. First Bernardines’ monasteries, founded since 1453 have been subordinated by the general of the order from the Austro-Czech-Polish province. It was until 1517 when the Franciscans-Observants have organized the native province, covering the territorial lands of the Polish state. The power has been centralized in the person of provincial, elected every three years at the provincial chapter. In his jurisdiction were all abbots and convents within the teritory of the province. The guardians, also elected by the chapter and approved for the period of three years by the provincial, led the administration of each monastery. The set of activities taken by the monastic officials – the provincial and the guardian – entailed the necessity of establishing the chancelleries, both in the provinces as well as in every single convent. Because the provincial took one of the subordinated orders, called the provincial house, as his residence, the sets of acts arising from the activities of both offices were kept independantly in one place, of what an example was the Bernardine monastery in Lviv. According to the Potsdam agreements about the repatriation of the Polish population from the lands granted to the Soviet Ukraine, Bernardines have left the convent in Lviv in 1946. Starting from 1943, the archives of the order as well as Russian and Galician provinces were moved as far as possible, from Lviv to the Provincial Archive of Bernardine Monks in Cracow. In the Provincial Archive of Bernardine Monks in Cracow were preserved 17 paper and (loose) parchment documents, referring to the history of Bernardines order in Lviv. Due to the socio-political changes that have occured in last two decades in the Eastern Europe, the interests have increased in the matter of East, its spiritual culture and influence of Christianity on shaping and developing of Eastern culture, in what the Lviv convent has also participated. Motivated by these considerations Fr. Aleksander Krzysztof Sitnik, OFM has decided to collect and publish, not only in the original language, but also translated into Polish and Ukrainian, all 17 Lviv documents from the years 1571–1903.
7
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Personel kancelarii biskupa krakowskiego Tomasza Strzępińskiego (1455-1460)

80%
Walczak T.
Roczniki Historyczne
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2023
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vol. 89
61-84
EN
The paper is devoted to the personnel of the chancellery of the bishop of Cracow Tomasz Strzępiński (1455-1460). All persons employed in the chancellery by the bishop have been identified on the basis of their appearance as witnesses of the bishop’s documents, notarial subscriptions on them and paleographic analysis of the original documents. A prosopographic study of the personnel has been undertaken, paying special attention to their geographic and social origins, education or paths of career.
PL
Artykuł poświęcony jest personelowi kancelarii biskupa krakowskiego Tomasza Strzępińskiego (1455-1460). Zidentyfikowano wszystkich kancelistów biskupa, odwołując się do ich występowania na testacjach dokumentów biskupich, subskrypcjach notarialnych na nich zamieszczanych oraz analizy paleograficznej oryginalnych dokumentów. Przeprowadzono studium prozopograficzne kancelistów, skupiając się na takich kwestiach, jak: ich pochodzenie geograficzne i społeczne, wykształcenie oraz drogi karier.
8
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Analiza technologiczno- chronologiczna średniowicznej ceramiki z zamku "Lipowiec"

71%
Małocha J.
Nasza Przeszłość. Studia z dziejów Kościoła i kultury katolickiej w Polsce
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2015
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vol. 123
5-52
PL
Zamek „Lipowiec” (gm. Babice, pow. Chrzanów, woj. małopolskie) od przełomu XIII i XIV stulecia odgrywał istotną rolę w dziejach Małopolski oraz Kościoła krakowskiego. W kolejnych wiekach był on nie tylko warownią i rezydencją hierarchów, ale także miejscem rekolekcji dla duchownych oraz wiezieniem biskupim. Obecnie zaś – zachowany w formie trwałej ruiny – stanowi jedną z ciekawszych atrakcji turystycznych regionu. Profesjonalne badania historyczno-architektoniczno-archeologiczne tego obiektu przeprowadzone zostały jednak dopiero w drugiej połowie XX w., a pozyskany wówczas materiał zabytkowy po dziś nie doczekał się szczegółowego opracowania. Niniejszy artykuł zawiera propozycję analizy zespołu średniowiecznej ceramiki lipowieckiej, odkrytej podczas prac badawczych z lat 1967-1974. Omówienie uwzględnia zarówno aspekt technologiczny, jak i klasyfikację rodzajową zabytków (w tym typologię charakterystycznych część naczyń oraz ich ornamentyki). Zaprezentowano również przesłanki, które posłużyły do ustalenia chronologii zespołu – analogie technologiczne i stylistyczne oraz informacje, wynikające z pozycji stratygraficznej danego znaleziska. Całość analizy pozwala zatem nie tylko na scharakteryzowanie omawianej grupy zabytków, ale także na wysnucie wniosków co do kierunków wpływów stylistycznych i oddziaływań technologicznych w zakresie średniowiecznego garncarstwa w tej części Małopolski. Integralną część artykułu stanowią tablice z rycinami.
XX
The Lipowiec Castle (Babice municipality, Chrzanów district, Małopolska prov-ince) played a considerable role in the history of Małopolska province and the church of Cracow since the break of the 13th and 14th centuries. During the following ages it was not only a fortress and the residence of hierarchs but also a place of retreat for the clergy and a bishopric prison. Nowadays – preserved in the form of a sustainable ruin – it constitutes one of the more interesting tourist attractions of the region. Profession-al historic-architectural-archeological research of the object was conducted only in the second half of the 20th century and the historical material obtained at that time has not been researched in detail up to now. The present article contains a proposal of an analysis of medieval earthenware from Lipowiec discovered during the research work in 1967-1974. The presentation consists both of the technological aspect and the generic classification of the earthenware (including a typology of characteristic parts of the pottery and its ornamentation). It also presents premises on which chronology has been based – technological and stylistic analogies as well as information based on stratigraphic position of each find. The whole analysis allows not only to characterise the researched earthenware but also to make some conclusions about stylistic influ-ences and technological effect in respect of medieval pottery in this part of Małopol-ska. Illustration templates constitute an integral part of the article.
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