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Program badawczy Luca Paciolego

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Niemczyk L.

Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics

2010

vol. 242

issue 9

83-96

The paper examines an alternative approach to the theory of economics based on a work by medieval mathematician Luca Pacioli, Summa de arithmetica, geometria, proportioni et proportionalita, published in Venice in 1494. Luca Pacioli was an Italian mathematician and Franciscan friar, collaborator with Leonardo da Vinci, and seminal contributor to the field now known as accounting, for which he is often regarded as the “father of accounting.” While discussing Pacioli’s research, Niemczyk sets out to show that philosopher Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz’s key theorem that “the construction of every science ispermeated by a collection of axioms that accumulate subject knowledge” also applies to economics. The paper outlines the complex historical circumstances surrounding the publication of Summa de arithmetica-circumstances that strongly influenced the final shape of Pacioli’s work, Niemczyk says. The author describes the essence of Pacioli’s research program and examines its link with theories governing finance and banking, insurance and managerial accounting. The paper follows a methodology of scientific research programs proposed by Hungarian-born mathematician and philosopher Imre Lakatos (1922-1974), who argued that a theory may actually be a succession of slightly different theories and experimental techniques developed over time, that share some common idea, or “hard core.” Lakatos called such changing collections “research programs” and argued that scientists involved in such programs attempt to shield the theoretical core from falsification attempts behind a protective belt of “auxiliary hypotheses.” Historically, one prominent example of a research program in economic sciences was that undertaken by Adam Smith in his 1776 work entitled An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, Niemczyk says. The beginnings of Luca Pacioli’s research program date back to the publication of Summa de arithmetica. Today, after five centuries of consistent development, Niemczyk says, Pacioli’s program covers several scientific disciplines and specialties, including economics, accounting, finance, banking and insurance. Pacioli’s economic language features the kind of precision that is normally found in physics, and the axiomatic foundations of his research program make it possible for today’s economists to express themselves using logical formulas and mathematical equations, Niemczyk concludes.

Rachunkowość zasobu wiedzy przedsiębiorstwa

86%

Niemczyk L.

Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics

2011

vol. 248

issue 5-6

105-122

The article lays down the theoretical foundations of an accounting process known as the accountancy of knowledge. This new discipline of financial accounting involves the process of communicating financial information about a knowledge-based business entityto users including shareholders and managers. The communication is generally in the form of financial statements that show in monetary terms the knowledgeresources under the control of management. Research related to the accountancy of knowledge involves the application of two methods-semiotic and axiomatic, Niemczyk says. In the semiotic method, two key terms, “knowledge” and “assets,” are used. The author looks at the analogy between these terms, distinguishing the traditional narrow meaning of the term “assets” from its broad definition that also covers knowledge. The author uses the term “assets” in the broad sense-as understood in an alternative approach to the theory of economics developed by medieval Italian mathematician Luca Pacioli, known as the father of modern accounting. Niemczyk draws the following conclusions from his research: (1) the term “accountancy of knowledge” has been introduced into economics; (2) the subject matter of the accountancy of knowledge has been defined and the theoretical foundations of the process have been formulated; (3) new accounting tools and terms have been developed, such as “balance of personal knowledge,” “competence assets,” “intellectual capital,” and “marketing assets;” (4) basic methodology has been proposed for estimating the economic value of professional experience. According to Niemczyk, the promotion of accountancy-of-knowledge standards can contribute to stimulating the development of a knowledge-based economy. A business following the principles of the accountancy of knowledge obtains a wealth of information needed for managing knowledge and key competencies, the author says. The accountancy of knowledge shows that the theory of financial accounting, despite its centuries-old tradition, remains a dynamic discipline open to new ideas.

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Program badawczy Luca Paciolego

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