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1

FROM THE HISTORY OF ARCHITECTURE OF MANOR HOUSES IN ENGLAND (FROM THE MID-14th TO THE EARLY 17th CENTURY)

100%
Brykowska M.
Rocznik Historii Sztuki
|
2005
|
vol. 30
109-120
EN
This article recapitulates the results of studies with respect to the architecture of manor houses in England, conducted thanks to the scholarship of the De Brzezie Lanckoronski Foundation, on the basis of literature on the subject and of own research. The subject refers both to the research methodology and published works of Prof. Adam Milobedzki. Considering the broad subject matter of manor houses and a considerable number of preserved manors, the present text focuses on the medieval period and the changes of manor house under the influence of Italian theory. The area under discussion was limited to several selected problems, such as: program and layout of a manor complex, functional-spatial design of the oldest manor houses (Ightham Mote, Kent; and Penshurst Place, Kent), the problem of Great Hall (its function and changes, with a detailed depiction of so characteristic for English Great Halls: trussed-rafter roof with rudimentary principal, roof with framed principals with king-post (as for instance at Penshurst), hammer-beam roof and others, and extensions and transformations of manor houses, both of interior and exterior, in the Tudor period, in the Elizabethan style, and in the early 17th century. There is a separate analysis of the manors of wooden structural framework (half-timber work), known from the 12th century (jetty, and from ca. 1500 - box frame), but lavishly used in the Elizabethan period (Bramal Hall, Great Manchester; and Little Moreton Hall, Staffordshire), in a new graphic design, as a black-and-white. The final part of the text provides suggestions for the direction of further study of manor houses with reference to Italian theory and other modern sources, gradually adopted in England, initially superficially, as in the Tudor period, then on the basis of the first published work by John Shute (1563). Of special importance for the further transformations of the program and functional and spatial structure and architecture of manor houses was a book by Sir Henry Wotton entitled The Elements of Architecture (1624) addressed to the educated noblemen, similarly to 'Krótka nauka budownicza' (A brief study of the construction of manor houses, palaces, castles according in Polish climatic conditions and customs) (1659) in Poland; the correlation between these facts (as Joseph Rykwert noticed) was first seen by Adam Milobedzki in 1994. An integral part of the text is made by the plans prepared by the authoress.
2

THE KABILE 'FEAST HOUSE' AND ITS FLOOR TILES (Kabiles 'Dziru nams' un ta gridas flizes)

80%
Dirveiks I.
Makslas Vesture un Teorija
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2003
|
vol. 1
39-41
EN
This material focuses on a two-floor building located at the centre of the Kabile (Kabillen) manor complex in Kurzeme. The peculiar name 'Roe House' seemingly points to the function of keeping roes in the building. The brick building with four-pitched, tiled roof is a unique typological and architectonic example dating from the 17th century. The ground floor is vaulted and contains a decorated part of stove heating system, so far called a fire-place and dating from the 2nd half of the 17th century. The first floor features a wooden ceiling above the beam construction, later complemented by decorative ceiling made of yellow profiled boards. The floor covered with clay tiles has survived from the 2nd half of the 17th century. Several tiles feature imprints where two subjects can be discerned. One consists of two figures, a tree trunk and two dogs or wolves. The other displays a knight on horseback with a whip in his hands. The origins of imprints are unclear. They could be made by some 16th-century wooden object because sides of imprints have retained signs of wooden tissue. The Kabile 'Feast House' has no close analogies in Latvia. After the Nordic War, during the 2nd quarter of the 18th century, manor ensembles acquired more open layout. The new manor house in Kabile was more representative and adequate to the new circumstances - the old Feast House became outdated and presumably was used for household needs of storing grain and spirits. In the 1950s and 1960s mechanic workshops were housed in this building. The original window openings of the first floor were broken out. Additional openings caused wall deformation and water tank set up in the loft seriously damaged the roof construction. And yet the building will persist because since 2002 it has a proprietor who has carried out the most urgent restoration works. This object is still to be explored in respect to the history of the Kabile manor, especially concerning the less-known 17th century and the landlord Berch's family who was the former owner.
3

DUNTE MANOR HOUSE OVER CENTURIES (Duntes muizas kungu maja gadsimtu gaita)

80%
Zilgalvis J.
Makslas Vesture un Teorija
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2005
|
vol. 4
33-37
EN
Until 1423 Dunte manor (Rurhern, Rurershoff, Rurerhoff) belonged to the Rosen family. Proprietors changed with time but the Treiden family was Dunte landlords during the Polish-Swedish War. Its existence in the period of early Mannerism - from the 1560s to the first decade of the 17th century - is confirmed by stove tile fragments found in the former manor house foundations and cellars in autumn 2004. All of them were damaged by fire. One item deserves particular attention. It is a green-glazed tile with a man's profile at its centre. It is likely that this Renaissance period tile had been decorated with some narrative scene. A tile depicting the Allegory of Love from the series of Seven Virtues is from the stove that also belongs to the late Mannerism and early Baroque period. Such a rarely found tile from the Bauska Castle is dated by the second half of the 17th century. The Treidens owned the manor demolished by the war until the Swedish times. From the 1630 Dunte manor belonged to senior lieutenant Ernst Ludwig Glasenapp. In 1677 his heirs sold the manor to Johann von Dunten. A new manor house was built in 1719 when the Dunten family owned the manor. It was simple and rather archaic. In the mid-18th century the Dunte new manor house is related to Karl Friedrich Hieronymus von Munchhausen (1720-1797) - a legendary personality who married Jacobine von Dunten, the daughter of Dunte landlord, in 1744. The Dunten family owned the manor until the Latvian Agrarian Reform. It is likely that, as a result of the 1894 restoration, the building acquired the look depicted by the oldest known photograph from the early 20th century, found in the Herder Institute in Marburg, Germany. The last photograph of the manor house was taken in the 1960s, it was pulled down in 1966 but restoration started in 2004.
4

ARCHITECTURAL RESEARCH GROUP (AIG) (Arhitektoniskas izpetes grupa (AIG))

51%
Eglaja B., Strupule V.
Makslas Vesture un Teorija
|
2003
|
vol. 1
50-57
EN
The short insights focus on several projects of the company 'Architectural Research Group' that carry out reconstruction and restoration of historical buildings (manor houses, churches, castle ruins etc.) in Latvia. Kuksi manor house stands out by its polychrome painted interiors from the 19th century but Bervircava manor house is noted by its splendid baroque-style painted beams. In Riga significant values were discovered in the house at Liela Pils Street 21, featuring a decorated ceiling dated by early classicism, and Kalpaka Blvd 7 with a perfect ensemble of historicism with later art nouveau additions and neo-rococo elements from the 1920s.
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