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1

DILEMMA ABOUT THE MENTAL

100%
Elpidorou A., Dove G.
Organon F. medzinárodný časopis pre analytickú filozofiu
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2021
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vol. 28
|
issue 4
867 - 895
EN
Physicalism demands an explication of what it means for something to be physical. But the most popular way of providing one—viz., characterizing the physical in terms of the postulates of a scientifically derived physical theory—is met with serious trouble. Proponents of physicalism can either appeal to current physical theory or to some future physical theory (preferably an ideal and complete one). Neither option is promising: currentism almost assuredly renders physicalism false and futurism appears to render it indeterminate or trivial. The purpose of this essay is to argue that attempts to characterize the mental encounter a similar dilemma: currentism with respect to the mental is likely to be inadequate or contain falsehoods and futurism leaves too many significant questions about the nature of mentality unanswered. This new dilemma, we show, threatens both sides of the current debate surrounding the metaphysical status of the mind.
2
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Ontologia integralna Andrzeja Chmieleckiego

100%
Rogucki K.
Filo-Sofija
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2006
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vol. 6
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issue 6
1761-206
EN
The article analyses of the Andrzej Chmielecki’s system of integral ontology as a solution to the psychological problem – transformationism. From the standpoint of integral ontology Chmielecki confronts the fundamental problems of the theory of cognition, axiology, philosophy of language, philosophy of mind, and anthropology. Chmielecki’s philosophical reflection is inspired by the concepts of Ch. Peirce, M. Scheler, and N. Hartmann. Chmielecki keeps a distance from some philosophical solutions popular in analytic philosophy; however, he takes full advantage of the accomplishments of modern mathematics. The presentation of Chmielecki’s most important ideas is the objective of the article.
3

THE IMPORTANCE OF MATERIAL POSSESSIONS IN THE CONTEXT OF INDIVIDUAL VALUES AND SOCIAL ORIENTATIONS

100%
Gornik-Durose M.
Kolokwia Psychologiczne (Psychological Colloquia)
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2007
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vol. 16
85-102
EN
In the article the problem of the concentration on acquiring and possessing material goods and placing them at the central point of an individual's life, described in the literature as materialism, is located within the context of individual values and social orientation understood in terms of Inglehart's materialistic and postmaterialistic values. Empirical analyses, based on a data base created in the project 'Diagnoza Spoleczna 2005' ('Social Diagnosis 2005), aim to answer two questions: the first - related to the relationship between attitudes to material possessions among individual values recognized by Poles in the conditions of a developing market economy and consumer society, the second - addressing the relationship between attitudes to material possession and materialistic and postmaterialistic social orientation. The results show that despite the indisputably significant role of demographic variables, mainly income and age, in differentiating the level of materialism in people, there is a significant relationship between individual values and perceiving material goods as important prestige symbols a well as experiencing the joy of buying. On the other hand there are no significant differences between groups with certain social orientations (materialistic, postmaterialistic and mixed) in relation to prestige obtained through material possessions. However the joy of buying was stronger among postmaterialistically oriented people than among others. Taking into consideration the results obtained suggestions related to the understanding of materialism as a phenomenon with various facets were introduced.
4

ANTI-INDIVIDUALISM, MATERIALISM, NATURALISM

100%
Hribek T.
Organon F. medzinárodný časopis pre analytickú filozofiu
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2007
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vol. 14
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issue 3
283-302
EN
This paper starts from the familiar premise that psychological anti-individualism is incompatible with materialism. It attempts to state more clearly what this incompatibility consists in, and - rather than arguing in detail for any particular resolution - to inquire whether this incompatibility admits any resolution. However, the paper does offer a conditional argument concerning the possibility that the incompatibility is genuine and cannot be resolved. Provided that anti-individualism and materialism cannot be squared, and anti-individualism is correct, it follows that materialism has to be abandoned. If so, the situation is not as disastrous as it might at first seem. We need not, in consequence of our inability to construe a coherent metaphysics of mind, give up on intentional vocabulary any more than we must stop, in consequence of our inability to make sense of induction, anticipating the future.
5

ROBERT KIRK’S ATTEMPTED INTELLECTUAL FILICIDE: ARE PHENOMENAL ZOMBIES HURT?

88%
Sepetyi D.
Organon F. medzinárodný časopis pre analytickú filozofiu
|
2022
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vol. 29
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issue 1
78 - 108
EN
In the paper, I discuss Robert Kirk’s attempt to refute the zombie argument against materialism by demonstrating, “in a way that is intuitively appealing as well as cogent”, that the idea of phenomenal zombies involves incoherence. Kirk’s argues that if one admits that a world of zombies z is conceivable, one should also admit the conceivability of a certain transformation from such a world to a world z* that satisfies a description D, and it is arguable that D is incoherent. From which, Kirk suggests, it follows that the idea of zombies is incoherent. I argue that Kirk’s argument has several minor deficiencies and two major flaws. First, he takes for granted that cognitive mental states are physical (cognitive physicalism), although a zombist is free to—and would better—reject this view. Second, he confuses elements of different scenarios of transformation, none of which results in the incoherent description D.
6

LIMITS OF RECOGNITION: HEGEL, MATERIALISM, AND PANPSYCHISM

88%
Nelson E.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2023
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vol. 78
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issue 9
703 – 710
EN
This contribution outlines several questions concerning the very paradigm of intersubjective recognition in post-Hegelian German philosophy in response to the work of Jon Stewart and Axel Honneth. It briefly traces, in conjunction with Stewart’s recent book on recognition, how discontent with this Hegelian paradigm, and its prioritization of spirit over nature, informed developments in nineteenth century materialism (Karl Marx) and panpsychism (Gustav Fechner, Eduard von Hartmann). While Marx analysed the political-economic and metabolic entanglement of humans and nature, the German panpsychic philosophers elucidated the bio-psychological interconnectedness of human and natural life. Both express forms of relation, developed in confrontation with Hegel, which are still inadequately addressed in recognition theory and contemporary critical social theory. Hegelian inspired thinkers, such as Honneth, continue to overly prioritize social second nature and reciprocal human recognition while marginalizing other asymmetrical relations that are crucial to humans living within animal, environmental, and material life.
7
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Materialism Versus Spirituality: Neo-Vedanta Approach of Synthesis

88%
Kumar Gupta A.
IDEA. Studia nad strukturą i rozwojem pojęć filozoficznych
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2012
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vol. 24
305-314
EN
In this article I will try to expound and examine the debate of materialism and spiritualism in the context of two cultures: Western and Eastern respectively. It was Vivekananda, a neo or practical vedantin, who attached two isms with two cultures. Western society has excelled in the ‘art of matter’ and focused all their attention on it. The opposite is true of the eastern world. Ignoring the material aspect of life, they have spent their energy on learning the ‘art of soul’. These two societies have remained ignorant of other aspects of life. The result is a paralyzed growth of the human world. This is visible in the process of globalization as well. In the present world, we are following utter materialism in the name of globalization, which results in consumerism. Here, I wish to mention the solution prescribed by Vivekananda. In his view, the remedy lies in the synthesis of ‘spirit’ and ‘matter’. For both these cultures, oriental and occidental should come together and learn the missing part from each other. Westerners should learn from eastern people about spirituality, whereas the ‘art of matter’ should be learnt under the guidance of westerners. When ‘matter’ and ‘spirit’ go together, a new life will emerge on earth and only such world will be a real ‘global village’.
8

TWO RELIGIONS OF MATERIALISM: LUCRETIUS AND LEM

88%
Okolowski P.
Edukacja Filozoficzna
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2008
|
issue 46
123-136
EN
The author presents in this paper (and in few others) the philosophy of Stanislaw Lem as Neo-Lucretianism and calls Lem as a Lucretius of the 20th century. The article demonstrates pararell strains in their views on death. Lem - the atheist in common parlance - on Christian point of view is the man of 'strange faith'. There is an eschatology in his outlook, though warldly (finitistic?) one, which has clearly Lucretian nature. In opinion of both there are two attributes of the Cosmos: extermination (Lucretius says 'mors inmortalis', Lem - holocaust) and creation. Mortal human finds comfort in an idea that 'other worlds' come into being in dead Cosmos eternally and 'different minds' are born in them. Eschatological hope lies in thought that antonymous values will be always realized because each kind of mind realizes some part of the class of them. Lem's naturalism breaks in this point.
9
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UTOPIA, SOUND, AND MATTER IN ERNST BLOCH

88%
Rampinini F.
ESPES
|
2023
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vol. 12
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issue 2
125 – 140
EN
Bloch’s philosophy of music is one of the most interesting of the twentieth century, particularly in the context of Marxist aesthetics. This article focuses on the various peculiarities of this thought, which seldom are highlighted. Firstly, through a new analysis of the musical sections of Spirit of Utopia and The Principle of Hope, the relation between utopia and music will be discussed in Sections 2 and 3 in order to show the originality of Bloch’s refusal of the Marxist base-superstructure model in the field of aesthetics. In contrast to the other philosophies of music, the study of music inspires theoretical speculation in Bloch’s thought and not vice versa. In order to demonstrate this connection, in Sections 4 and 5, the idea of the sound in Spirit of Utopia will be examined and compared to the conception of the matter as it is presented in The Principle of Hope, The Materialism Problem, its History and Substance, and other works. These paragraphs aim to highlight how the early conception of sound was the model for the later conception of matter.
10

METODOLOGICKÝ PRÍSTUP VÁROSSOVEJ K VÝSKUMU DEJÍN FILOZOFICKÉHO MYSLENIA

88%
Foltin M.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
|
2024
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vol. 79
|
issue 1
22 – 38
EN
This article examines methodological aspects of researching the history of Slovak philosophy, especially during the Marxist-Leninist era, focusing on the work of Elena Várossová. It discusses the challenges and debates triggered by Marxist-Leninist philosophy in Slovakia, including Várossová’s rejection of some methodological principles and the resulting extensive discussions on philosophical-methodological approaches. The paper first examines dialectical materialism as a method, then Várossová's methodological foundations and criticisms. Finally, it examines her approach to the history of philosophy as a complex, contradictory process of discovery. Várossová critically evaluates dialectical materialism and argues for the inclusion of psychological and social human aspects in analysis.
11

LUDWIK ZYCHLINSKI'S REMARKS ON THEORY OF EVOLUTION (Uwagi Ludwika Zychlinskiego w kwestii teorii ewolucji)

75%
Stawarz M.
Semina Scientiarum
|
2010
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vol. 9
71-85
EN
At the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries the reception of the theory of evolution was a popular issue discussed in the scientific community of Poland. The revolutionary Darwin's theory as well as the great number of misunderstandings and controversies growing up around it have contributed to increase of scientist's interest in this subject. Ludwik Zychlinski who was not a professional philosopher but was interested in issues connected with theory of evolution took part in the debate. In my paper I present Zychlinski's critical remarks concerning the German philosophers' (E.Heackel and his followers) outlooks. These remarks reveal that the materialistic interpretation of the theory of evolution is not justified. A particular emphasis was placed on the fact of the abuse of Darwin's theory for defending a materialistic outlook.
12

PŘIPOMÍNKY THOMASE REIDA PROTI MATERIALISMU JOSEPHA PRIESTLEYHO

75%
Peterková E.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2020
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vol. 75
|
issue 4
294 – 308
EN
The paper deals with Thomas Reid’s comments against Joseph Priestley’s materialism. Priestley’s mechanical materialism is based on the philosophy of Isaac Newton, especially Newton’s rules of reasoning. Priestley rejected substantive dualism and arguments in favour of a single material substance on the basis of these rules. The paper first presents the form of Priestley’s materialism and then analyses the individual remarks of Reid. The emphasis is on the notions of truth and causality, which both philosophers interpret differently. The last part of the article analyses whether Reid’s remarks are relevant or not.
13

EXPLORING EMBODIED METHODOLOGIES FOR TRANSFORMATIVE PRACTICE IN EARLY CHILDHOOD AND YOUTH

75%
Cahill H., Coffey J., Smith K.
Pedagogický časopis (Journal of Pedagogy)
|
2016
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vol. 7
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issue 1
79 – 92
EN
The development of gendered identities during early childhood and youth occurs in a context of ‘body culture’ and the hyper-visibility of ‘perfect’ bodies, which align with traditional gender ideals. Embodied methods can assist to make complexity more visible, and to allow participants to see fluidity, shifts, and becoming. Whilst there has been significant theoretical development, further methodological innovations are needed to enable children and youth to articulate their perceptions of the way multiple influences shape their relations with their own bodies. Informed by ‘new materialist’ feminist theory this article will examine the work of Australian educators exploring use of creative and embodied drama-based play. The chapter advances methodologies to support pedagogical engagement with young children and youth about gender, identity and social change. The authors explore how embodied creative play can be used across ages to support children and young people to articulate the ways social norms and expectations influence their desires, imaginings, fears and actions and their perceptions of what is possible, desirable or appropriate in relation to performances of gender in their everyday worlds.The development of gendered identities during early childhood and youth occurs in a context of ‘body culture’ and the hyper-visibility of ‘perfect’ bodies, which align with traditional gender ideals. Embodied methods can assist to make complexity more visible, and to allow participants to see fluidity, shifts, and becoming. Whilst there has been significant theoretical development, further methodological innovations are needed to enable children and youth to articulate their perceptions of the way multiple influences shape their relations with their own bodies. Informed by ‘new materialist’ feminist theory this article will examine the work of Australian educators exploring use of creative and embodied drama-based play. The chapter advances methodologies to support pedagogical engagement with young children and youth about gender, identity and social change. The authors explore how embodied creative play can be used across ages to support children and young people to articulate the ways social norms and expectations influence their desires, imaginings, fears and actions and their perceptions of what is possible, desirable or appropriate in relation to performances of gender in their everyday worlds.
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