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Studia Historica Nitriensia
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2013
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vol. 17
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issue 2
21 – 42
EN
The territory of Nitra region was quite densely populated since primeval ages. This trend continued during medieval period, after establishment of Hungarian state, as well as in centuries of early modern period. Consequently it was developing the network of cities and towns, which meditated the exchange of goods within local markets, as well as in more distant areas. At the beginning of the 16th century only one independent royal city (Skalica) could be found on this territory, except that several cities and more than 20 towns. The differentiation between cities and towns is quite problematic due to the fact, that some royal cities known in 14th century changed ownership into hands of noblemen, thus became towns and were not able to uphold the status of city.
EN
An important fact has been highlighted in the recent times by the complex source study of the medieval musical codices and fragments from the territorial area of Slovakia: written culture in the late 14th century and throughout the 15th century in the Slovak area was strongly under the influence of the learned culture of Bohemia. We have registered the direct impact of the Czech scribal tradition on the evolution of notation practice in Slovakian written sources, particularly within the time period 1370 – 1520. The codices, and some tens of fragments, which give documentary evidence of Czech notation in our geographical space were taken as a research topic, together with systematisation, analysis and evaluation of all currently known and processed musical sources from the Slovak area. The aim of research was to systematise knowledge of source materials, as well as establishing the fundamental structural features of Czech notation in Slovakia.
EN
Nitra has a special status in assessment of the liturgical musical codices from the territory of Slovakia dating from the medieval period and early modern period. Only one liturgical manuscript has been preserved in its original place from Nitra’s church institutional funds– the Nitra Codex from the 12th century (ekphonetic symbols, elements of German unlined neume notation). Religious books with notation have not been preserved from the subsequent period (12th to 16th century). All the more surprising, then, is the discovery of 7 antiphonary fragments from the turn of the 16th century with the Estergom notation system in the Nitra Diocesan Archive, which is one of the oldest church archives in the Slovak Republic. On account of the historic status of the Nitra diocese and its church archive, we regard the finding of these fragments as an exceptional discovery in the field of medieval musical research in Slovakia.
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