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REGIONAL DIFFERENTIATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE LEVEL OF EDUCATION AND INCOME (Regionalne zróznicowanie zaleznosci miedzy poziomem wyksztalcenia a wielkoscia dochodów)

100%
Domanski H., Pokropek A.
Ekonomista
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2009
|
issue 5
607-626
EN
In previous studies on market transition in post-communist societies the link was missing between macro-level regional differences and individuals' incomes. This analysis, based on the Polish national sample from 2006, is aimed at casting light on regional variation in the influence of education on income levels. Building a conceptual framework based on the theory of human capital rhe authors investigate to what extent pay-offs for human capital differ across administrative districts in Poland. By incorporating contextual characteristics, they examine how micro- and macro-level factors shape labour market outcomes. Their finding provides support for the hypothesis that there is much regional variation in the returns to education, which suggests that there are better and worse places for the development of meritocratic distribution of incomes. It appears that education pays more in more economically developed regions, marked with higher rate of occupational activity. It leads to the conclusion that, on the one hand, such places create higher motivation to reward individuals according to human capital in more efficiently operating markets. On the other hand, in more developed regions there is a higher competition for wages and jobs, employers have higher demands - which encourage and enforce the rules of rewarding individuals by merits.
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Kontinuita a změna přesvědčení o distributivní spravedlnosti v České republice v letech 1991 až 2009

75%
Matějů P., Smith M. L.
Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review
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2012
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vol. 48
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issue 1
65-85
EN
The article analyses changes in beliefs about distributive justice in the Czech Republic from 1991 to 2009 in an international comparative perspective. Based on previous analyses and published work, the article formulates the hypothesis that the process of crystallisation of the two main ideologies or norms of distributive justice, namely meritocratic and egalitarian ideologies, which was confirmed in analyses carried out from 1991 to 1995, continued in later years. The article draws on the fundamental theories of distributive justice and utilises data from surveys carried out in 1991, 1995, 2006 and 2009, which the authors analyse in terms of measurement and structural models. The models confi rm the hypothesis that the crystallisation of norms of distributive justice continued in more recent years, and that at present these norms are internally structured in almost the same way as in advanced democracies. These norms are thus closely tied to the stratification system, which means that meritocracy has solidified its position as the dominant norm of distributive justice, whereas egalitarianism has gradually become a ‘challenging’ norm preferred by individuals in lower-status positions in the stratifi cation system.
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