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1

Varaklani - muiza un tas saimnieki gadsimtu gaita

100%
Zilgalvis J.
Makslas Vesture un Teorija
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2013
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vol. 16
33-36
EN
The town of Varaklani in Latgale stands out with its several significant monuments of Classicist architecture. These are the manor palace, Catholic Church and the Borch family vault. The spacious manor park is also one of the town’s highlights. The Borch family was known in the Baltics already in the 2nd half of the 15th century. Varaklani Palace construction was initiated by M. J. Borch and designed by Italian architect Vincenzo Mazotti. The Palace is an outstanding early example of Classicism in the architecture of Latvia. The building that was constructed from 1783 to 1789 has an elongated appearance - it consists of three two-storey blocks linked by single-storey blocks. The central part of the Palace is much larger than the side blocks having just one gallery axis. The middle part of the building has very protruding risalites on the park side and the centre is emphasised by an impressive four-column portico. The courtyard façade is less splendid and plastically subdued; central risalites protrude slightly and are capped by a raised part identical to the wing blocks. Peculiar porches are still visible by all three entrances; a balcony with metalwork railings is placed over the main entrance. The façades are decorated with Tuscan order pilasters; the first floor has rustication but the friezes contain inscriptions in Latin. The Palace layout is unique in Latvia. Staircases to the second floor are located on both sides of the main block. Opposite the vestibule there is a quite small premise leading towards the terrace on the park side. The single-storey connecting parts are interesting with their small, light, rubble-decked yards. The appearance of Varaklani Palace has changed over time. In Poland there are several manor palaces similar to Varaklani with regard to the architectonic and spatial solution for instance, in Kustyn (last third of the 18th century), Walewice (1783) and in Szczawin. Murals discovered in the 1990s and later testify to the artistic finish inside the Varaklani Palace.
2

Michal Jan Borch and his residence in Varklani: genesis and ideological programme

67%
Polanowska J.
Makslas Vesture un Teorija
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2013
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vol. 16
18-32
EN
Close to the old Riga - Rezekne road on the outskirts of the tiny town of Varaklani in Latvia’s eastern province of Latgale, is the former residence of the Belz Voivode Michal Jan Borch (1753-1811). Photographs and drawings record the state of the garden before the destruction of the war, showing its varied surface with such architectural features as arcaded bridges and the entrance gate decorated with vases. Borch was an individual of many-sided interests, known in cosmopolitan courts and among the academic circles of Europe of the Ancient Regime. He travelled to Italy via Saxony, France, Switzerland and stayed on for a longer period in Sicily and Malta. In 1791 he settled down for good in the Varaklani estate granted to his ancestors. Borch’s major achievement was to create a palace and garden complex. He employed the Italian architect Vincenzo de Mazotti who drained the marsh to prepare the land for the residence, erected the palace and collaborated on landscaping the garden. In 1790 Borch travelled to England and the English residences he became acquainted with must have had some impact on the arrangement of the Varaklani estate. This is indirectly testified to by the very title of the first version of Borch’s literary work on the Varaklani garden, ‘Jardin moral et emblematique’ which the author read to Stanislaus Augustus in the winter of 1791. The surviving and documented elements show that the described landscaped garden was partially implemented. Of all the planned pavilions, only the rotunda was built, not identified actually with either of the described temples, as well as a small pavilion with a square layout (later Jadwiga’s Chapel). Similarities can be detected with the English garden in Stowe (Buckinghamshire) and the Warsaw landscape gardens Lazienki – the Royal Baths and Arkadia near Lowicz. The landscaping in Varaklani was described as a planned route for a young nobleman with didactic and moral guidelines as well as patriotic and historiosophical messages.
3

Borchiana versus Siciliana. Grafa Borha Sicilijas celojums un ta reminiscences literatura un maksla

67%
Taimina A.
Makslas Vesture un Teorija
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2013
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vol. 16
5-17
EN
Michal Jan Borch (full name Michal Jan Alois Anton Borch, 1753-1810), christened in Varaklani on 1 July 1753, was a natural scientist and writer whose name is recognized in Europe and inscribed in the history of science. To understand Borch’s personality, it is important to consider his wide scope of interests and education-based competence. He was well versed in classical literature, poetry and history, had studied the basics of botany, physics, mathematics, architecture and land surveying as well as drawing, music and several languages. Borch wrote his works in French in which he was fluent and even Voltaire is said to have praised the young Borch’s mastery of French. His correspondence is also mainly in French, including letters to his father and mother. On an everyday level, the Count communicated and wrote in Polish and German; he also learned English and Italian, and wrote verse in French, Italian and Latvian. Borch had a scholarly interest in natural resources and the population of other countries, very typical of Enlightenment-era nobility and intellectuals. This enthusiasm was fully developed during his research travels. In his early twenties, he toured Germany, France, Switzerland and Italy from 1774 to 1778, and then set out for Holland and England in 1790. He was captivated most by two Mediterranean islands Sicily and Malta, describing them with much fervour. Months spent in Sicily (23 September 1776 - 25 April 1777) provided diverse research material for seven books printed in Italy, which describe the nature of Sicily, Malta and Italy - stones, ancient monuments and people combined with historical, natural and anthropological aspects.
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