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1

ALUMNI MILITARY SERVICE IN POLISH PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC (AN EXAMPLE OF THE 54TH TRAINING BATALLION OF CROSS COUNTRY RESCUE FROM BARTOSZYCE) Sluzba wojskowa alumnów w PRL (na przykladzie 54. Szkolnego Batalionu Ratownictwa Terenowego w Bartoszycach)

100%
Czwolek A.
Klio. Czasopismo poświęcone dziejom Polski i powszechnym
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2011
|
issue 3(18)
113-130
EN
The main purpose of the article is to analyse a course of alumni' military service in the 54th Training Battalion of a Cross Country Rescue in Bartoszyce. There is not only a number of alumni's conscriptions to this unit shown in the article, but also methods of their indoctrination and a course of their military service. Author also enumerated alumni, who resigned from a further studies in theological college. The special place was spared for the characteristic of alumni discipline, their contacts with the outer world and reprisals taken against them.
2

FROM 'SUROVANIE' TO CUTTING OF INCH-TAPE (Life in the soldier's community)

100%
Baratova J.
Slovenský národopis (Slovak Ethnology)
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2006
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vol. 54
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issue 1
29-47
EN
The study introduces soldiers of basic compulsory military service and doing their civic duty from the point of view of ethnology. The first part contains the historical information about military duties. In second part the authoress is trying to define social group of the basic compulsory military service soldiers. In another part of the study she is focusing on analysis of the special phnenomenon. The last part indicates value attitudes of respondents towards the basic compulsory military service. Social group of soldiers of the basic compulsory military service represents a temporary way of grouping the uniformed people, who are doing their civic duty. They live in mutual relationships relatively separated from social life. They are subordinated to a strict discipline, their own rules and initiations. The soldiers of military service have some status within formal and informal relations. Differences in status are demonstrated in share of authority and advantages in relations to others. To realize expected behaviour on the certain position means to perform social role in the social system. The sphere of rights and duties was manifested by clothes too. There is a strong identity in the social group of soldiers of military service. The soldiers of military service could be split up into four groups. Coming into the group and transition from one group to another one is a ceremonial process. In the 19. and first half of 20. century passing through military service meant achievement of adulthood and ability of get married. Informers declared that passing through military service in the 21. century doesn't mean to be adult. According to the respondents there's no sense in passing military service. They agreed with foundation of professional army.
3
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SOCIAL ASSISTANCE AND ENTITLEMENTS LINKED WITH THE PUBLIC DEFENCE OBLIGATIONS (Realizacja swiadczen spolecznych i uprawnien z tytulu powszechnego obowiazku obrony)

100%
Walancik M.
Polityka Społeczna
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2009
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vol. 36
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issue 1(418)
14-18
EN
In this article understanding by recruits of their power in the field od social services was analysed. It was shown that their knowledge about social benefits they are entitled to as well as about possibilities to realise their expectations are quite low. It has a negative influence on realization of their tasks connected with their calling to the Fundamentally Military Service.
4

Latviešu mākslinieku gaitas karadienestā. 1914–1922

88%
Kāle S.
Makslas Vesture un Teorija
|
2015
|
vol. 18
84-102
EN
Military service coincided with the artists’ youth as the most important period of life; it affected the development of personality as well as the choice of the place of residence and creative paths. Artists who studied in St. Petersburg had a chance to avoid military operations, working for the Trophy Commission whose full name was Commission of Description of Russian War Trophies and Ancient Flags. Their tasks were to collect and capture past and present testimonies of Russian Army’s heroic deeds, design flags and honorary badges, portray officers and soldiers awarded with St. George’s Cross as well as reconstruct decisive moments of military action. Many Latvians were included in the battalion of Kexholm Reserve Regiment attached to the Trophy Commission. Most prolific Latvian draughtsmen in the regiment were Dāvids Draule (1889–1949), Alberts Kronenbergs (1887–1958), Kārlis Miesnieks (1887–1977) and Jānis Saukums (1890–1936). Regardless of favourable conditions, artists had difficulties to continue their artistic education; they could not complete their study years and receive diplomas. Artists who ended up in the regiments of Latvian riflemen were in a less stable situation; although Jāzeps Grosvalds (1891–1920) tried to create an official team of artists, the only result was protection based on personal contacts and oral agreements. Thanks to the cooperation with the Latvian War Museum Director Kārlis Straubergs (1890–1962), Kārlis Johansons (1890–1929) together with other allies cast death masks of riflemen fallen during the Christmas Battles, went to the front line and drew heroes in their action stations as well as worked on illustrations for the publication 'Jaunā Latvija'. Reservist Eduards Gruziņš (1887–1934) made decorations for the regiment gathering and illustrated the magazine 'Strēlnieks'; Kārlis Baltgailis (1893–1979) had a similar experience in the Imanta Regiment, decorating the stage and auditorium and making actors’ costumes for performances. Artists who lacked special protection had to rely on the benevolence of fortune. Some were quite lucky, for example, Uga Skulme (1895–1963) who supervised road building works for the Russian Army supply in the Caucasus front or Indriķis Zeberiņš (1882–1969), secretary of the train company stationed in Finland. Thanks to good education, they managed to settle in expedient posts, which allowed practicing art alongside direct duties.
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