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1
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A PANORAMA OF GERMAN POPULATION CENTERS IN ROMANIA, THEIR ORIGIN AND TRANSFORMATION. AN OUTLINE OF THE ISSUES (Panorama skupisk niemieckich w Rumunii, geneza i przemiany. Zarys problematyki)

100%
Tomaszkiewicz M.
Studia Migracyjne - Przegląd Polonijny
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2010
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vol. 36
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issue 1(135)
105-139
EN
This article introduces and generally characterizes various German centers in Romania, which together compose a contemporary picture of the German minority in the country. The article describes and briefly characterizes the circumstances and means of arrival of successive waves of German settlers in the territory of present Romania, in the context of the historical events and policy decisions which conditioned them. The aim of the paper is to present and characterize the cultural diversity that exists among individual groups of Germans residing in different regions of the present territory of Romania. This diversity is reflected in their different origins o arrival, tradition, religion, language and the role played by a group of settlers within the inhabited region of the country and other neighboring ethnic groups. The following analysis does not take into account the complicated fates of the German minority in the context of landmark historical events of the twentieth century, but it does briefly outline German settlers' current situation, as inhabitants of Romania.
2

PARADOXES AND (NON)PARADOXES: THE COMMUNITY OF THE BULGARIAN SLOVAKS

80%
Pencev V.
Slovenský národopis (Slovak Ethnology)
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2007
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vol. 55
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issue 1
5-18
EN
Since recently, Bulgarian ethnology has been dominated by three major problems: community, ethnicity and identity. What is peculiar in this context is not the very study of the ethnic and religious communities as such but the methods applied to examine them. On the one hand, a nearly mass interest has been focused on the Turkish and Roma ethnic communities; on the other hand, to the Muslim religious groups have been given a great attention as well. The attempts to study other communities settled in the Bulgarian ethnic territory, whether in the past or only recently, are rather sporadic. This study deals with the specific aspects of identity of a small but unique community living in this territory. In this case, the very interest in the Slovak community is not an anti-thesis but an example of a different attitude to the issue. The Slovak ethnic group in Bulgaria consisted of approximately 1,300 -2,000 people. Their life changed entirely between 1945 and 1949, when an overwhelming majority of Slovaks returned from Bulgaria back to their motherland. They left either on their own will or followed an appeal issued by the Czechoslovak Republic calling all emigrants to return back home. At the end of the 1940s, when the re-emigration process was ended up, the Slovak ethnic diaspora in the Bulgarian territory practically ceased to exist. Verbal art, songs, music and dances, rituals, beliefs, and all other elements of folk tradition serving as pillars supporting ethnic awareness in the 'Bulgarian' Slovaks were weakened. Although Slovak was the language of communication in the domestic sphere, it gradually incorporated the elements of Bulgarian into its structures. However, it has always retained its function, is still alive and used in everyday interactions. Moreover, several of its unique features have been preserved by the re-emigrants. In the past, the important role was also played by the schools, sports clubs, theatre groups and other societies. Nowadays, the Slovak ethnic community in Bulgaria can be referred to as the dispersed diaspora.
3

Minority and education

80%
Kovacs L.
Szociologiai Szemle (Sociological Review)
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2008
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vol. 18
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issue 3
124-132
EN
Using the 2002 Census data from Romania the author shows that there is a considerable difference among high-educated persons of different nationality. Moreover, the survey data of Public Opinion Barometer (Research funded by Soros Foundation Romania) demonstrates that - contrary to Adel Pasztor findings, published by Review of Sociology and Szociologiai Szemle - there is a significant difference in educational attainment in Romania among ethnic Romanian and ethnic Hungarian youths of 25-29 yrs of age, in favor of Romanians. 26,715 persons were questioned in 14 field researches during the period of 1998 and 2004. In the age group 25-29, 15.7 per cent of ethnic Romanians and 5.3 per cent of ethnic Hungarians had a diploma in higher education at the time of the survey.
4

Stereotypes and homosexuality in the light of a qualitative study

80%
Palmai J., Piko B.
Tarsadalomkutatas (Social Science Research)
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2006
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vol. 24
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issue 2
235-260
EN
Homosexuality was present throughout history: there were times when it was disapproved and condemned; next it was defined as a disease and later, as a norm-breaking act. Nowadays in a number of countries it is a lifestyle based on free choice. Homosexuality is being surrounded by stereotypes even today, which may be ascribable to the fact that characteristics of homosexual people are hard to detect due to their hidden nature. The main goal of the present study has been to map the opinions of homosexuals of themselves and opinions of heterosexuals of the homosexuals. The opinions are interpreted in the light of the most common stereotypes. Structured interviews were made with 11 heterosexual and 10 homosexual subjects. Results show that the delinquency and disease discourses, apart from a few exceptions, are not part of the stereotypes. As it has been detected, stereotypes have a reality base, in addition, in many cases stereotypes are accepted by the homosexuals themselves.
5
Content available remote

SUCCESS IN SCHOOL OR AGAINST THE SCHOOL. ROMA AND VIETNAMESE CHILDREN IN EYES OF POLISH TEACHERS

80%
Nowicka E., Polec W.
Etnografia Polska
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2005
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vol. 49
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issue 1-2
31-56
EN
In this paper, we examine the problems of education of the children from minority groups which don't have their own education system and have to participate in schools designed for children from majority group. For our research we choose the children from two minority groups: Roma and Vietnamese. Our theoretical backgrounds are the concepts of the reproduction of culture by Pierre Bourdieu and Brasil Bernstein. The paper is based on a qualitative research done among the teachers of Polish schools who teach Roma and Vietnamese children. We examine teachers' point of view: their stereotypes, strategies in dealing with kids of different cultural background. We highlight factors from students' cultural background as well as their socialization process that differ their situation in Polish school. As a result of the research we claim that if children from minority group are to succeed at school they have assimilate to the majority culture, and the success against the school is to keep to the culture of origin.
6

K OBRAZU SVOJBYTNOSTI SLOVENSKÝCH MINORÍT V KRAJINÁCH STREDNEJ A JUHOVÝCHODNEJ EURÓPY

70%
Botík J.
Etnologické rozpravy (Ethnological Disputes)
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2023
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vol. 30
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issue 1
8 - 22
EN
The phenomenon of migration is a universal and historically longstanding. A wide range of research approaches have been applied to its study. In this paper, the issue of migration and minority studies is reflected from the positions of interdisciplinary discourse following the research results on Slovak minorities in the Central and South-Eastern Europe countries. During the 18th and 19th century colonists of various nationalities settled on the Danube-Pannonian plain. Slovak emigrants were also represented among them, grouped in two dozen linguistic islands or ethnic enclaves. After the dissolution of Austria-Hungary (1918), in the successor states of Hungary, Romania, and Yugoslavia, the ethnic inhabitants were granted the status of national minorities. Various theoretical and conceptual approaches have been applied in the study of these Slovak minorities. Of these, the most progressive have proved to be concepts that have considered the processuality in the ethno-cultural development of enclaves or minorities. That is, concepts in which the focus was on the implications of the operation effects of continuous and discontinuous trends in the form of persistence and change, tradition and innovation, acceptance and rejection, resistance and confluence of minority members incorporated into other ethnic groups.
7

“ROMA” LABELLING, IDENTITY POLITICS AND EU-INTEGRATION: THE CASE OF MONTENEGRO

70%
Zahova S.
Slovenský národopis (Slovak Ethnology)
|
2018
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vol. 66
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issue 4
419 – 435
EN
The article makes an overview of the groups labelled as Gypsy/Roma and minority policies related to Roma in present day of Montenegro. It discusses how – in view of the processes in the region and in the course of the state’s EU-integration –the top-down approach of adopting definitions centred on the terms “Roma and Egyptians” and “Roma” have influenced the state politics of identity regarding supporting and promoting new identities, as well as reinforcing the label “Roma” and “Romani” for all communities considered of common (Gypsy/Roma) origin. Further on, the impact of EU-integration discourse on legislation and setting up Romani and Egyptian organizations is discussed within the public policies sector. Finally, I discuss initiatives and resources for publishing in Romani language in a country where a great part of the groups considered being of Romani origin speak another language as a mother tongue. My main argument is that the minority protection EU-conditionality and the special focus on the rights of the Roma, have led to an “import” of Roma issues for “solving”, along with copy-pasting of activities that supposedly aim to flag Romani identity and language even though neither Romani identity nor Romani language are characteristic for all communities labelled as “Roma”.
8

CESTY K INKLÚZII RÓMSKYCH DETÍ PREDŠKOLSKÉHO VEKU ŽIJÚCICH V SOCIÁLNE VYLÚČENOM PROSTREDÍ V TRNAVE

61%
Štofej J.
Etnologické rozpravy (Ethnological Disputes)
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2016
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vol. 23
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issue 1
51 - 65
EN
The number of Roma children attending infant school has significantly decreased after 1989 in Slovakia and in this context we can talk about their social exclusion and insufficient access to the social services. It is important to create inclusive strategies to improve this unfavourable situation. The objective of the author ś work is to suggest how to improve inclusive program for preschool children in a socially excluded area and how to improve the approach of educational institutions to children and parents.
9

CIEŚLAROVA PLATFORMA – NÁRODNOSTNÁ OTÁZKA V TEŠÍNSKU V OBDOBÍ STALINIZMU

61%
Gąsior G.
Studia Politica Slovaca: časopis pre politické vedy, najnovšie politické dejiny a medzinárodné vzťahy
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2009
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vol. 2
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issue 2
42 – 57
EN
In the Communist era, the so-called Cieślar Platform was the only program addressing nationality issues in the Czech part of the Teschen Silesia inhabited by the Polish minority. Its author was Paweł Cieślar, member of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia and Polish autochthon, who prepared several memorandums containing a plan for the regulation of nationality issues in the territory inhabited by Poles. His assumption was that the whole indigenous population in the region, who used the local dialect, were Polish, regardless of their official nationality. According to Cieślar, the population censuses that prior to the establishment of the Czechoslovak State had reported the prevalence of the Czech population did not reflect the actual state of affairs and he accounted for the declining number of Poles in the Czechoslovak population census by national oppression. His main ambition was to establish autonomy in the counties of Karviná and Český Těšín. He proposed further that all members of the autochthonous population sent their children to schools with Polish as language of instruction. Schools with the Czech language of instruction, where the Polish language would be regarded as an obligatory subject, would be intended only for the incomers. Due to the resolution of the Central Committee of the CPC, his “platform”, represented in a distorted manner, was publicly denounced at a regional conference in Český Těšín in April 1951. Cieślar was labelled as „bourgeois nationalist”, stripped of all party posts, and was expelled from the Party in February 1952. The propaganda campaign against him served as a means for strengthening the Party control over the Polish minority organisations and for swallowing up of Polish youth organisations by their state counterparts.
10

“…AND THEY WILL CONSIDER THEMSELVES THE LAST VICTIMS OF THE WORLD WAR.” ANTON GRANATIER AND HIS PLANS FOR POPULATION EXCHANGE AND (RE)SETTLEMENT OF SLOVAKIA AFTER THE SECOND WORLD WAR

61%
Richtáriková T.
Človek a spoločnosť. Internetový časopis pre pôvodné teoretické a výskumné štúdie z oblasti spoločenských vied
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2022
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vol. 25
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issue 1
-
EN
While the wave of migrations after the Second World War remains among the more discussed topics of central-European historiography, certain questions still remain unaddressed. This article aims at shedding some light on how the people planning the population exchanges and movements thought about ethnicity and nationhood. We will try to give a partial answer to this question through the example of Anton Granatier, one of the prominent ethnic policy experts of the 1930s and 1940s Czechoslovakia. His ideas on the place of Slovaks and ethnic minorities within Czechoslovakia often clashed with the official line and institutions in Prague, and therefore offer an interestingly multi-faceted picture of contemporary thinking. The opinions of Anton Granatier about the aspects of nationality offer a mix between an essentialist and constructivist approach to ethnicity. His various conflicts with central institutions and colleagues alike offer a crystallisation of ideas that allows us to look into the thinking and re-thinking of nationhood and inter-ethnic relationships of post-war Czechoslovakia.
11

RÍMSKOKATOLÍCKA FARNOSŤ SV. CYRILA A METODA V MISSISSAUGE AKO KULTÚRNY POTENCIÁL KANADSKÝCH SLOVÁKOV

61%
Grznárová M., Lenovský L.
Slavica Slovaca
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2023
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vol. 58
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issue 3
555 - 568
EN
The culture and way of life of Slovaks and their descendants living in Canada (in the more than one hundred and fifty years of its existence on the American continent) have undergone several changes due to cultural changes (acculturation and assimilation) and the influence of globalization (and the presence of multiculturalism). These reasons are manifested by unique cultural elements and manifestations of the culture of Slovaks living outside the territory of the mother state. The paper maps and analyses the cultural potential of the Roman Catholic parish of St. Cyril and Methodius in Mississauga in the context of preserving and maintaining the culture and identity of Slovaks in this parish. It deals tangible and intangible cultural heritage, cultural organizations, institutions – associations, events and human resources. There are a number of Slovak institutions in Canada, which play a key role in maintaining the culture and identity of Slovaks. The results of the research can be the basis for further research and represent the status of activity and functioning of the Slovak community in Mississauga – a Roman Catholic Parish as an institution based on ethnic principle. The research material was obtained through short-term field research in April 2023.
12

Z VÝSKUMU KULTÚROTVORNÝCH, IDENTIFIKAČNÝCH A REVITALIZAČNÝCH PROCESOV V PROSTREDÍ VYBRANÝCH SLOVENSKÝCH A ČESKO-SLOVENSKÝCH KOMUNÍT V ARGENTÍNE

61%
Lenovský L.
Slavica Slovaca
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2023
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vol. 58
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issue 3
445 - 459
EN
The Slovak and Czechoslovak communities in Argentina are now predominantly made up of Argentines who reflect their Slovak or Czechoslovak origins. The existence of these communities is the result of migration processes that took place in the first half of the 20th century. The form and content of the current cultural creation, identification, and revitalization processes are the results not only of intergenerational transmission but also of their cultural invention. These are determined by the ethno-cultural characteristics of the surrounding environment, as well as by state policy and nation-building processes. What motivates these people to have minority ethnic identification and activity in communities formed by their ancestors on ethnic lines? What cultural elements and phenomena do they interpret (traditionalize, create, revitalize) as representative ethno-identifying and ethno-differentiating tools and why?
13
Content available remote

CHANGES IN THE LANGUAGE SITUATION OF VERSHINA NEAR IRKUTSK IN THE CONDITIONS OF POLISH-RUSSIAN BILINGUALISM (Zmiany sytuacji jezykowej w Wierszynie kolo Irkucka w warunkach dwujezycznosci polsko-rosyjskiej)

61%
Gluszkowski M.
Acta Baltico-Slavica
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2011
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vol. 35
EN
Vershina was founded in 1910 by Polish voluntary settlers from Lesser Poland. There are three main periods in Vershina's history, with different social conditions affecting the language choice. During its first three decades the settlers preserved Polish language (a mixture of dialects from their regions of origin), traditions and the Roman Catholic religion. The effects of the Revolution of 1917 and political changes came to a village in taiga only in the late 1930's. Vershina lost its former ethnocultural homogeneity because of Russian and Buryat workers in the local kolkhoz. It was the beginning of the increasing role of Russian language in the village's life. The process of intensive sovietization as well as heterogeneous marriages affected language choice in many domains. In the late 1980's the inhabitants of Vershina regained their minority rights: they can pray in their own church, learn Polish in a local school and found cultural organisations. However, during the years of communism, the language situation changed irreversibly. There are some factors which may hinder the increasing domination of Russian language, such as activity of local Polish organisation, Roman Catholic parish and folk group 'Jazhumbek' but their influence is limited.
14

K POLITICKEJ, VOJENSKEJ, NÁBOŽENSKEJ, ŠKOLSKEJ, KULTÚRNEJ A HOSPODÁRSKEJ ČINNOSTI SPIŠSKÝCH NEMCOV V ROKOCH 1938 – 1943

61%
Furmanik M.
Historický časopis (Historical Journal)
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2024
|
vol. 72
|
issue 1
151 - 183
EN
The beginning of the study is devoted to the activities of Germans in Spiš in the stormy year of 1938. At that time, Spiš Germans participated in the subversion of the first Czechoslovak Republic. Subsequently, the contribution maps the activities of the Deutsche Partei in Spiš and the activities of the pro-Hungarian-oriented Spiš Germans. Another part of the study deals with various activities related to the war and collaboration with the Nazis in Germany. Attention is paid here to the military organizations of the Spiš Germans, their participation in Second World War battles, the Aryanization of Jewish property by the Spiš Germans, anti-Jewish acts and the relationship of the Germans with the majority. Subsequently, the contribution deals with the religious life of Spiš Germans. The most significant event in this area at that time was the establishment of the independent German Evangelical Church AC in Slovakia. The next part of the study discusses German education in Spiš, which experienced the greatest boom in history during the time of the Slovak State. At that time, there was at least one German school in every fourth municipality on Spiš. Subsequently, attention is paid to the cultural and sports activities of Spiš Germans. Like all areas of German life at that time, it was strongly marked by Nazi ideology. The last part of the study deals with the economy and employment of Spiš Germans. The war events of the Second World War had a significant impact on the activities of the largest German companies in Spiš, which had to expedite a considerable part of their products for the needs of the Slovak and German armies.
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