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1

Śląska tożsamość regionalna w okresie nowożytnym (do 1740 r.)

100%
Harc L.
Śląski Kwartalnik Historyczny Sobótka
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2013
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vol. 68
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issue 2
97–108
EN
The perception of Silesia as something distinct and the formation of emotional bonds with the region, which were based on chronicles from the Middle Ages was further enhanced by humanist thought. Since the end of the 15th century and the beginnings of the 16th due to poetry, historiographical works, geographical description and the first maps, the vision of a region with specified borders, the population of which felt bonded due to shared history, pride of fertile lands and magnificent cities, especially the Capital City of Wrocław the awareness of Silesia as a homeland, simply of being Silesian grew among the population. Boys from different social groups, taught in the local schools were instructed and moulded all through the Habsburg era. Since the Thirty Years’ War, as a result of the policy of undermining the importance of pan-Silesian institutions, with the demise of the Silesian Piast dynasty and other dynasties laying claim on their duchies, the local awareness grew. Even then most authors of historical and cartographical works were aware of the broader context. The identity of being Silesian and the historical continuity of the region since the 10th century, and in the context of the search for ancient origins of the people populating the land even since the biblical times, constituted a factor beneficial to the formation of a cohesive identity, a unifying factor binding coexisting, especially since the 17th century, various local identities.
2

Integracja a gospodarka. Śląsk w okresie wczesnonowożytnym

100%
Goliński M.
Śląski Kwartalnik Historyczny Sobótka
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2013
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vol. 68
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issue 2
25–41
EN
Despite having distinct features due to economy, Silesia was no different, in context of events shaping conditions of development, from the neighbouring regions, especially the Bohemian Crown from the 16th to the 18th centuries. The particular interests of the Silesian economy since the 17th century were required, possibly enabled by the political distinctiveness of the region and the complex structure of the monarchy. Also relevant were strong external relations (transit, export and import) long maintained despite divisions, both political and at customs. Said „interests” could themselves be considered an additional factor integrating the region, (certainly, that became so in time) if not for their existence stemming from earlier political integration and specifically being an unexpected (since mercantile times intentional) result of the “external” factor, specifically state politics. Although lacking the influence it enjoyed in earlier times, Wrocław remained the primary beneficiary, as its economic interests were typically considered synonymous with interests of entire Silesia.
3

Die Region Schlesien (1618-1740). Die sozialen Gruppierungen und ihre Bedeutung für die Identität des Landes

100%
Herzig A.
Śląski Kwartalnik Historyczny Sobótka
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2013
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vol. 68
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issue 2
59–73
EN
The social groups of Silesian society in the 17th century included higher nobility (dukes, estate lords, foremen) and lower nobility, to which, due to ennoblements ascended many of the townspeople. Among the townsfolk in Silesian cities were such groups as merchants, guild craftsmen and people with higher education. They had civic rights. Most of city-dwellers did not have civic rights, they were the daily wage labourers, guild-less craftsmen, farmhands and servants. Village-dwelling population was divided into peasant classes, the majority of which were the lower peasants, so-called gardeners, who owned little land and livestock and in order to assure their survival needed to seek additional employ (as village craftsmen, workers on farms or estates). A place in the hierarchy was assured not by an initial economic capital, but rather by symbolic capital. The group that influenced Silesian regional identity the most were educated townspeople, whose roots were in humanism.
4

Sztuka i rzemiosło artystyczne na Śląsku w latach 1526-1740 jako czynniki spajające i dezintegrujące region w dobie nowożytnej

100%
Oszczanowski P.
Śląski Kwartalnik Historyczny Sobótka
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2013
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vol. 68
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issue 2
109–127
EN
The issue of Silesian art is a methodological matter, one which the scholars are studying for nearly a century. Results of research reinforce the belief that Silesian art – especially at the end of the 14th and beginning of the 15th century, as well as in the Baroque – formed distinct qualities determining it’s unconventional worth, allowing it to be included with the artistic achievements of the continent. An attempt to answer which factors shaped the identity of the early modern Silesian art leads to two groups of factors, specifically cohesive and disruptive. Among the cohesive factors are historical events, the Catholic-Lutheran conflict, which, in Silesia lasted all through the Early Modern Period. Also of importance was the tradition of the Middle Ages and the availability of materials used by local artists (e.g. glass, sandstone). Among these works of particular importance are the workshops creating for the Cistercian monasteries (in Lubiąż, Krzeszów, Henryków, and Trzebnica). This resulted in the creation of a distinct mystic trend. It was associated with the development of Silesian iconographical tradition, e.g. in the local portrayal of saints and religious imagery. Among the factors disruptive to the artistic identity of Silesia is being a part of common artistic tradition (the western civilisation) and ideological (Christianity). This led to universal content of both lay and religious artworks. Silesia’s location at the hub of many transportation routes as well as on the border between two large states made it an area, which “absorbed” external influence. Silesian art became a universal „product” due to its dependence on external sources, rules imposed by a specific monastic order as well as rules of the authorities.
5

Instytucje i zarządzanie w procesach integracji i dezintegracji Śląska

100%
Wąs G.
Śląski Kwartalnik Historyczny Sobótka
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2013
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vol. 68
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issue 2
5–24
EN
The Early Modern Period in formation of the political and social order is marked by the formation, in the beginning of said epoch, of distinct institutions and offices for the purpose of ruling Silesia, pan-Silesian, estate and ducal in various jurisdictions in Silesia, said system – with changes introduced in the absolute reign after 1629 – survived until 1740. Factors which influenced the perception of being separate among the social and political elite of Silesia were the institutions forming for the purpose of administrating the country in the time when links with the Bohemian Crown were weakened, especially in the latter part of the 15th and beginnings of the 16th century. This influenced the formation of Silesian institutions as having a great deal of autonomy in regards to the rule of the king and other institutions of the monarchy. The distinctly Silesian social structure was also influential in forming the distinctiveness of Silesian institutions. Formation of regions was also influenced by the institutional and political structure of the monarchy, which was comprised of five countries, all of which had their own estate representation, and comprised nearly all, available in those times, aspects of governing the society. The Thirty Years’ War became the caesura of Silesian regionalism: the monarchy managed to marginalise the Silesian political regionalism, although reforms after 1629 maintained the administrational and institutional regional system of Silesia.
6

Polityka transportowa władców habsburskich na Śląsku Austriackim w czasach absolutyzmu oświeconego

100%
Popelka P.
Śląski Kwartalnik Historyczny Sobótka
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2013
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vol. 68
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issue 3
51–66
EN
The purpose of this article is the analysis of the initial stages of modern transportation infrastructure on the strategically exposed area of Austrian Silesia during the reign of Maria Theresa and Joseph II. Following the Silesian wars the initial interest in high-quality road structure between Vienna and the wealthiest Habsburg province, Wroclaw, changed. The new purpose was to link Vienna with the centre of Austrian Silesia, Opava. Due to the geographical location of Austrian Silesia a link between east and west also became a necessity. The primary catalyst for the formation of transportation infrastructure in Austrian Silesia was the addition of Galicia, which resulted from the first partition of Poland. In order to ensure dominion in Austrian Silesia and in Galicia a new Silesio-Galician road from Opava to Bielsko was designed. It was constructed from 1775 until 1780. The reign of Josef II brought about a major change, he commissioned the construction of the strategically advantageous Galician Road, which linked Vienna with Galicia and upper Hungary, due to which the importance of Cieszyn Silesia as a transportation bridge increased even further. In the 80’s and 90’s of the 18th century in Cieszyn Silesia several more roads were built, they were supposed to ease transportation between Moravia, Austrian Silesia, Galicia and upper Hungary.
7

Struktura społeczna i grupy społeczne w procesach integracji i dezintegracji Śląska jako region (1526-1619)

100%
Wąs G.
Śląski Kwartalnik Historyczny Sobótka
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2013
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vol. 68
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issue 2
43–55
EN
The distinct Silesian social structure, especially its unique ruling group of dukes, territorial rulers as well as heterogeneous groups of higher Silesian nobility, incompatible with the ruling lords of the Bohemian and Moravian lands constituted estate asymmetry when compared to the other lands of the Bohemian Crown. It became a factor detrimental to the formation of social relations at a level higher than regional. Other reasons for the growth of Silesian regionalism in the social context were political by nature, in the 16th and beginnings of the 17th centuries and were the consequences of the centralising policies of the Habsburg monarchy. These were realised in the approval for the Bohemian political agenda, in granting the highest legal and social status in the monarchy and choosing only its members for offices in the central institutions of the monarchy. This marginalised the socio-political importance of Silesian upper classes and their confinement within the region. The Silesian dukes countered this socio-political alienation in the Bohemian Crown by extending their prestige through marrying abroad, with the houses of the Holy Roman Empire. That became an additional factor disruptive to the social structure of the monarchy. Although groups of higher Silesian nobility had the potential for tendencies for integration, opposition from the Bohemian nobles meant that their approach until the year 1619 was a combination of pro-monarchic and pro-regional approach, while simultaneously including the tendency to individually include themselves in the group of the Bohemian-Moravian rulers. For the population of the Silesian land, including the lower gentry and the townsfolk, who were only in a small extent affected by the common legal solutions, the state division was merely a framework within which heterogeneous communities with individual social and legal rules still functioned.
8

HMOTNÉ PRAMENY, HISTORICKÁ PAMĚŤ A VEŘEJNOST V MÚZEJNĚ PEDAGOGICKÉ PREZENTACI NOVODOBÝCH DĚJIN

100%
Drobný T.
Muzeológia a kultúrne dedičstvo
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2013
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vol. 1
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issue 1
49 – 53
EN
The paper deals with the documentation of modern history in museums. It features specific problems connected with the interpretation of the recent past. These difficulties are the reason of little interest of many traditional museums in dealing with history of the 20th century. Collecting activity focused on the modern history has to reflect the plurality of past stories. Thus it is necessary to look for corresponding collecting methods appropriate to this period. Growing interest of the public and activities of many not-for-profit organisations (civic societies) encourage museums to develop their educational potential in modern history issues.
9

Zagadnienia etniczne i językowe jako czynniki spajające i dezintegrujące Śląsk nowożytny? Podokres 1618/48-1740

100%
Dębicki J.
Śląski Kwartalnik Historyczny Sobótka
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2013
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vol. 68
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issue 2
85–95
EN
The matter of changes in the ethno-linguistic relations in Silesia evokes a significantly more emotional response from later scholars than those from said period. Contemporary sources approached the issue in a roundabout way or simply marginalised it. Simultaneously, the Silesians considered themselves to be ethnically, possibly also linguistically, to be distinct from the denizens of neighbouring regions. Nonetheless certain categories relating to the territorial outreach of ethno-linguistic groups held true for Silesia. In this context one can distinguish a division formed at the dawn of renaissance, dividing Silesia into the left and right shore of the Oder river. This article concerns the Silesian border regions as well. Other aspects are considered as well, ethno-linguistic aspects capable of negating or furthering divisions in Silesia, aspects such as literary works, teaching and usage of language, (German, Polish, Latin) the presence of Polish printed works, as well as Jewish presence. Deliberations on the subject led to the conclusion that the effect of ethno-linguistic relations on the cohesiveness of Silesian society in the late Habsburg era was rather harmless.
10

Kwestie etniczne i językowe na Śląsku w „długim wieku” XVI

100%
Lipiński C.
Śląski Kwartalnik Historyczny Sobótka
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2013
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vol. 68
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issue 2
75–84
EN
The primary issue considered in this paper is the question to what extent Silesia in the long 16th century can be considered a region cohesive in the ethnical and linguistic context. Available research materials indicate deepening bilingual tendencies in the region, however the extent of each of the languages and ethnic groups are impossible to adequately asses due to constant changes in the demographical situation of Silesia, changes brought about by various factors, including economic and political. It is true that humanism formed an integrating factor, which led to the formation of local patriotism. Due to this phenomenon there came to be a belief in the existence of „Silesian Nation” as well as the need to look for a factor binding the population together, something extending beyond the ius soli principle. Seeing as both „the love of Motherland – Silesia” and the spreading of the idea of the Silesian Nation were both constructs of groups of humanists and scholars, the first important bridge with the symbolical culture was Latin, quickly replaced by the solidified German-language culture. It dominated lay culture at the end of the 16th and beginning of the 17th century, paving the way for development in the following centuries.
11

MĚSTSKÉ KANCELÁŘE A JEJICH VÝZNAM PRO STUDIUM STŘEDOVĚKÝCH A RANĚ NOVOVĚKÝCH URBÁNNÍCH DĚJIN (NA PŘÍKLADU ČECH A MORAVY)

75%
Vojtíšková J.
Mesto a dejiny
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2016
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vol. 5
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issue 1
28 – 50
EN
The study presented sets its aim as setting out the key themes and significance of the complex research of the municipal offices, using the example of Bohemia and Moravia, so the knowledge gained could become an indispensable base for further study of urban history. Despite the undoubted difficulty, which is placed on the researcher of research focused in this way, the reconstruction of the Hradec (Králové) municipal office activities to 1620 proved for instance that even with the greatly fragmentary nature of the material, it is possible to reach quite fundamental knowledge on the development of the Bohemian urban milieu, especially thanks to overcoming the formal diplomatic analysis and studies of the isolated sources and thanks to the use of knowledge from a number of historical disciplines. Another indisputable advantage is monitoring a longer time period of the development of the relevant office, which can easily reveal the progress or regress of the individual towns, that had not yet formed a homogeneous whole in Bohemia and Moravia even in the period of the Early Modern Period, namely not even in the case of royal towns. This certain individual nature is typical also for the area of municipal offices, the organizational structure of which and the method of keeping the documents reflect the importance and emancipation of the relevant urban milieu and generally also the number of its denizens. It was only the reform interventions of Maria Theresia and especially then Joseph II that created the new conditions for the development of municipal office practices and for their unification, which arose from the new classification of Bohemian and Moravian towns.
12
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VISUAL CULTURE STUDIES AND POST-COMMUNIST STUDIES? EXPLORATION OF AN IMAGE IN THE CONTEXT OF SOCIAL TRANSFORMATION (Studia vizualnej kultury a postkomunisticka identita? Skumanie obrazu v kontexte spolocenskej transformacie)

75%
Grun D.
World Literature Studies
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2010
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vol. 2 (19)
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issue 2
70-81
EN
The study aims to explore the potential behind the visual culture in the post-socialist countries of former Eastern Europe in terms of social transformation and processes associated with the fall of the communist regime. The study presses to challenge the concept of 'visual culture' in relation to such notions as ideology, memory, iconoclasm, public institutions, or public space. Do the socialist institutions fall within the scope of competence assumed by visual/cultural studies? If they do, then what methods and concepts are available to employ in an effort to explore the 'iconosphere' linked to the building of socialism, the collapse of one political system and a consequent political, economical and social transformation? What relationship will visual studies espouse in relation to such traditional fields as art history? What form will the writing on image production in the period of totalitarian ideologies viewed from contemporary perspectives take? It shall be treading the territory shared by multiple fields and it will attempt to tie in on the results which interdisciplinary research in visual culture and post-communist identity has yielded. Current trends in the arena of exhibition projects, publications and new university courses attest to a lively debate that branches various levels of the Central European community in terms of this subject matter. The charted approach does not merely admit diversity of employed methods, interdisciplinary engagement and plurality of opinions; it directly presumes it. With the aforementioned in mind, the study will not consider so much the global perspective but will rather outline a few local underlying aspects of the 'contemporary past'. It also aspires to focus on the issues of critical thinking by exploring the images and visual culture from a viewpoint of social landmarks.
13

PUBLIC MONUMENTS IN CHANGING SOCIETIES

75%
Edit A.
ARS
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2010
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vol. 43
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issue 1
39-50
EN
The paper attempts to describe a complicated history of the public monuments erected in Eastern Europe in the course of modern history - from Lenin's favourite pet-project, the Plan for Monumental Propaganda from 1918, making use of public monuments for propagation of Communism, through the wave of demolitions of a series of bronze or marble statues of pro-soviet politicians in its satellite states from the late 1980s onwards, and finally to their recent replacements by monuments representing nationalistic ideologies.
14
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Królestwo Cypru jako obiekt zainteresowań państw śródziemnomorskich w latach 1192–1489. Próba zarysowania problemu

63%
Burkiewicz Ł.
Prace Historyczne
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2010
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vol. 137
EN
(Polish title: Królestwo Cypru jako obiekt zainteresowan panstw sródziemnomorskich w latach 1192-1489. Próba zarysowania). Under the rule of the French Lusignan dynasty, Cyprus quickly became the focus of interest to other countries: Sicily under the reign of the Hohenstaufen, Anjou and Aragon houses, Italian countries of Genoa, Venice and Duchy of Savoy, England and African Mamluk Sultanate. Initially the interest was based on political reasons, however, with the arrival of the Crusaders to the Holy Land and then the development of trade with Muslims there were economic reasons for seizing power over the island. What is more, the above deliberation clearly reveals the declining political position of the Lusignan dynasty who starting from the end of the 14thcentury could only observe how Mediterranean countries fought for control over Cyprus. After the death of Peter I of Cyprus (1359-1369), the most prominent king and the conqueror of Alexandria, the period of glory, when the island infl uenced international policy mostly - though not only - in the eastern region of the Mediterranean Sea, came to an end. From then on Cyprus was merely a subject of diplomatic, economic as well as military efforts and conflicts undertaken by Mediterranean countries. The present paper does not assume to exhaust the subject. However, it is an introduction to a broader research on the matter in question which is immensely relevant for depicting the medieval political and economic situation in the Mediterranean Sea region.
15
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Instytucja zebrania ogólnego profesorów w państwowych szkołach akademickich II Rzeczypospolitej

63%
Jastrzębski J.
Prace Historyczne
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2010
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vol. 137
EN
The article describes the institution of the Professors' General Meeting which constituted the highest collegial self-government body at universities in the Second Polish Republic. The basic formal and legal conditions for the functioning of the institution are described. The body of the article is divided into six parts. The introduction points to the unique nature of the General Meeting in the context of Polish academic legislation of the 20th century and the first decade of the 21st century as well as the grounds for commencing the research from the date of 15 September 1920. Subsequently, the system of public academic education is described, including the classification of universities within the scope relevant for the subject of the research, and academic privileges considered unique in comparison with other research and education units are specified. The second chapter discusses the institution of the Professors' General Meeting and its three stages of development that can be identified in the interwar period. The author also analyzes the member roster and its changes in time as well as the impact that the academic groups (teachers, administrative employees and students, including all ranks and categories) exercised upon the functioning of the university, comparing the 1920-1939 period and the Third Polish Republic. The next chapter describes the basic procedures of the Professors' General Meeting. The further deliberations concern the detailed competences of the body with special emphasis put on the reduction of these competences and their classification in terms of dependence on or independence from the approval of the Minister of Religious Denominations and Public Education. Additionally, the specific character of the Professors' General Meeting in one-faculty universities in 1933-1937 is also discussed since the rights of that body in such cases were extended by the responsibilities of the faculty council and the university senate. The article is concluded with a summary of basic facts from the history of the institution of the Professors' General Meeting at public universities in the interwar Poland and an attempt to explain the conspicuous tendencies in its development and the reasons for this development.
16
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PŘEHLED CIRKEVNÍ HISTORIOGRAFIE V ČESKÉ REPUBLICE V NOVÉM TISÍCILETÍ

63%
Zouhar J.
Konštantínove listy
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2014
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vol. 7
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issue 7
73 – 89
EN
The study focuses on the trends in church historiography in the Czech Republic from 2001 to 2013. It presents major works, mostly of a monographic character, which discuss history from the early middle Ages until the 20th century and deal with all aspects of the church history. The survey presents theological works, yet works which used a political perspective are mentioned as well. The study also includes monographs in foreign languages and written by researchers abroad, yet published in the Czech Republic. Even though the study offers just a selection from a wide spectrum of publications, it is still possible to identify certain trends and tendencies of the Czech church historiography in the Czech Republic.
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