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1

WHO WILL WIN THE COMPETITION? PERSONALITY, STRATEGY AND SUCCESS IN A COMPETITIVE GAME

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Czibor A., Bereczkei T.
Magyar Pszichologiai Szemle (Hungarian Psychological Review)
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2010
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vol. 65
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issue 1
165-182
EN
From the evolutional perspective, goods gained in the competition can increase the individual’s prospect for surviving and mating, resulting in a higher genetic representation in the next generations. Our aim was to investigate how personality characteristics influence the benefits earned from and strategies applied to a competitive game that was played for real money. In the experimental settings university students played the Public Goods game, transformed to a competitive situation. We used Temperament and Character Inventory by Cloninger, and the Mach IV. Test in order to obtain information about the subjects’ personality and character profiles and their level of Machiavellianism. Furthermore, at the end of the experiment participants reported the main motives underlying their decisions during the game which enabled us to classify them as “individually-oriented” and “prosocially-oriented” players. Significant difference was found between the female and male participants in the amount of benefit they gained: the women’s contribution to the public goods was significantly higher, therefore they earned less money, than men did. The amount of benefit negatively correlated with Reward Dependence and Persistence. Finally, significant differences were revealed between individually-oriented and prosocially-oriented players in the strategy they played, and the amount of benefit they gained.
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The structure of the teacher Machiavellianism model in social interactions in a school environment

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Bańka A., Orłowski K.
Polish Psychological Bulletin
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2012
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vol. 43
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issue 4
215-222
EN
The aim of this article is to present study results concerning the structure of teacher Machiavellianism. Machiavellianism was researched extensively throughout the last 40 years as a personality feature comprising traits related to leadership manipulation tactics. Psychology describes Machiavellianism as a part of the universal model called “the dark triad of personality” alongside with subclinical narcissism, subclinical psychopathy and low empathy. The teacher Machiavellianism model presented in this article, as opposed to the universal models, strongly accentuates the context-specifi c variables related to the organization of life in a school, alongside with personality variables. To achieve a new insight into the mechanism of how teacher Machiavellianism is generated, structural equation modeling (SEM) was used, which incorporates personality variables such as: self-effi cacy, disposition for gratitude, values, one’s personal resources, professional burnout, alongside context-specifi c variables like: organizational culture, work attitude, tenure and specialization in the tasks performed. Results of two studies are shown, discussing the empirical structure of teacher Machiavellianism components in relation to the initial theoretical model.
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Psychopatic Traits in Interpersonal Relation

100%
Czajkowski W., Pokornicki P.
Kultura Bezpieczeństwa. Nauka – Praktyka – Refleksje
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2019
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vol. 35(35)
9-36
EN
The subject of interest in the presented text is the possible relationship between a number of personality traits of the individual and its functioning in social relation. Dealing with the psychopathic features of personality and their importance in social relations, the authors pay attention to psychopathy, as well as narcissistic features and Machiavellianism in individual’s activity. These three traits since the beginning of the 21st century have aroused vivid interest of researchers and therapists attempting empirical verification of hypotheses in this area. It is also worth indicating. The above-mentioned categories of behavior form the dark triad of personality. Researchers draw our attention to clinical interpretations regarding diagnostic criteria enabling the recognition of psychopathic features and the broader dark triad. This sometimes carry on to referring to the concept of sub-clinical psychopathy that does not meet the diagnostic criteria used in the classification of mental disorders. The authors also try to interpret the negative role of these features in social relations.
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The Role of Machiavellianism and Loneliness in Predicting Self-Disclosure Online

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Sanecka E.
The New Educational Review
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2021
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vol. 66
198-208
EN
The present study investigated how Machiavellianism and loneliness are related to different aspects of self-disclosure online among young adults, including honesty, amount, intent, and positive valence. A total of 212 university students aged 18-30 completed four self-report questionnaires. The results confirmed the role of Machiavellianism and loneliness as predictors of distinct aspects of self-disclosure online, suggesting that Machiavellianism, but not loneliness, leads to strategic self-disclosures online. Specifically, Machiavellianism negatively predicted honesty of self-disclosure online, and loneliness positively predicted its amount and positive valence. No mediating effects of loneliness on the relationship between Machiavellianism and honesty of self-disclosure were found.
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Badanie poziomu makiawelizmu u osób w wieku 18–24 lata z zastosowaniem kwestionariusza Mach IV1

89%
Jankiewicz Z., Radzioch J.
Refleksje. Pismo naukowe studentów i doktorantów WNPiD UAM
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2020
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issue 22
157-170
EN
The purpose of the article is to determine the level of Machiavellianism in people aged 18–24. 78 people – pupils and students were examined using the Mach IV scale. In our work, we formulated conclusions that apply to respondents. The article is a part of the research of the Scientific Society of Political Psychology at the Faculty of Political Sciences and Journalism of the Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, which for several years has been dealing with Machiavellianism as a factor influencing social conditions.
PL
Celem artykułu jest określenie poziomu makiawelizmu u osób w wieku 18–24 lata. Badaniu z wykorzystaniem kwestionariusza Mach IV zostało poddanych 78 osób – uczniów i studentów. W naszej pracy sformułowano wnioski, które dotyczą badanych. Artykuł jest częścią prac Koła Naukowego Psychologii Polityki działającego na Wydziale Nauk Politycznych i Dziennikarstwa UAM w Poznaniu, które od kilku lat podejmuje temat makiawelizmu jako czynnika wpływającego na uwarunkowania społeczne.  
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Postawy wrażliwości społecznej versus postawy pragmatyczne i ich osobowościowe uwarunkowania

76%
Czerniawska M.
Studia Edukacyjne
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2016
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issue 40
213-227
EN
The main aim of this research is investigation of social sensitivity attitudes and pragmatic attitudes. It was assumed that these attitudes depend on personality traits, like empathy and Machiavellian guilt. The study group consisted of 325 students. The Empathic Understanding of Others Questionnaire (Węgliński) and Mach V Scale (Christie and Geis) were used. The attitudes were diagnosed on the basis of the set of views (two pairs of statements from the publication edited by Reykowski). The study results show that social sensitivity attitudes were accepted by students having high empathy indices. Students having high Machiavellianism show a pragmatic attitude toward life.
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CATALINA GUZMÁN DE ASCENCIO O EL CONFLICTO DE LEALTADES: ENTRE EL MACHISMO, EL MALINCHISMO Y EL FEMINISMO

75%
IENCEANU L.
Concordia Discors vs Discordia Concors: Researches into Comparative Literature, Contrastive Linguistics, Cross-Cultural and Translation Strategies
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2013
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vol. 5
43-85
XX
The present contribution proposes a hermeneutically- and socioanthropologically-based approach to Catalina Guzmán de Ascencio‘s ascent in a men‘s world, as depicted by Ángeles Mastretta in the novel Arráncame la vida (1985). In order to successfully make out the inner workings of the protagonist‘s developing identity, we seek to analyze more closely the driving force behind the adultery committed, and, in so doing, we hope to pin down the axiological tenets of feminine behaviour, more specifically, to trace her ontogenetic evolution back to its fons et origo, with a view to capturing the psychological profile of this very young Mexican adulteress by zooming in on several phases of her search for a new identity, or patterns followed in constructing her femininity. Thus, her growing awareness of the power residing in this femininity, which, as she matures, makes for her conversion from victim into victimizer, from the perfect ingénue into Mrs. Ingenuity, from a humble imitator into a fierce combatant, or from a rather dependent and self-effacing girl into a fairly independent and self-assertive woman, adduces supporting evidence for our claim that facing us is the perfect case of constructing the feminine identity at the expense of the masculine alterity, or, worse even, by more or less abruptly destroying one‘s inner self. In the light of the above, while upsetting tradition, general Ascencio‘s highly atypical spouse can be viewed as in fact setting up a new typology in the literary genre documented, since, even if a genuine representative of Feminism still very much in its infancy, she did after all revolutionize the spirit of that epoch. Finally, by bringing allegory to bear on the interpretation of this novel, we venture to construe Catalina Guzmán de Ascencio as an epitome of the Mexican life philosophy in particular, and, by extension, of the spiritual Hispano-Americanicity at its ripest, and last but not least, as a personification of the decolonized ―Motherland as well as a feminine symbol of the fate of Hispanic America at large. El presente trabajo investigativo plantea un enfoque hermenéutico socio-antropológico de la trayectoria vital de Catalina Guzmán de Ascencio, la protagonista de la novela mastrettiana Arráncame la vida (1985). Al desentrañar el armazón identitario del personaje, pretendemos examinar los resortes subyacentes al adulterio y rastrear los pivotes axiológicos de la conducta femenina, esto es, incidir en el cómo y los porqués de su evolución ontogénica con vistas a hacer un esbozo del perfil psicológico de la jovencísima adúltera mexicana, poner de relieve sus avatares identitarios y pilares idiosincrásicos, así como delinear las pautas de construcción de su feminidad. En este sentido, las progresivas tomas de conciencia y poder de la protagonista, a la par que los escalones madurativos que ésta va remontando a fin de convertirse de víctima en victimaria, de ingenua en ingeniosa, de imitativa en combativa, de dependiente e insuficiente en independiente y autosuficiente, dan fe de un singular proceso de construcción de la identidad femenina cimentado en la gradual destrucción de la alteridad masculina, cuando no en repentinas o paulatinas autodestrucciones. A la luz de todo ello, la atípica esposa del general Ascencio parece sentar las bases de una nueva tipología literaria, vertebrada por la conciencia de género, al ser una feminista en ciernes, pero, aun así, revolucionaria para la época. En virtud de algunas claves de lectura alegórica que barajamos, sopesamos, por último, la posibilidad de interpretar a Catalina Guzmán de Ascencio como epítome de la filosofía vital mexicana en concreto, y, por extensión, de la quintaesencia espiritual hispanoamericana, a la vez que hipóstasis de la ―Madre Patria‖ descolonializada y símbolo femenino del destino de toda Hispanoamérica.
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Perceived childhood emotional parentification is associated with Machiavellianism in men but not in women

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Láng A.
Polish Psychological Bulletin
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2016
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vol. 47
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issue 1
136-140
EN
Recent research has revealed several developmental aspects of Machiavellianism. In this study, we explored the potential relationship between perceived parentification in the family of origin and Machiavellianism in adulthood. Three hundred and ninety five Hungarian adults (282 women) completed self-report measures of parentification and Machiavellianism. Results showed that emotional parentification and children’s unacknowledged efforts to contribute to the well-being of their families were associated with Machiavellianism - but only in men. Machiavellian tactics and worldview are proposed as possible coping mechanisms with the neglectful and unpredictable family environment. Gender differences in the results are explained in terms of gender role socialization and men’s and women’s different susceptibility for different forms of psychopathology.
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Kulturowe kody etyczne i ich osobowościowe korelaty

75%
Czerniawska M.
Marketing i Rynek
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2014
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vol. 21
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issue 2
35-41
PL
W niniejszym badaniu prezentowane są dane empiryczne dotyczące analizy kodów etycznych w kontekście zmiennych osobowościowych, tj. makiawelizmu i poczucia winy. Psychologiczna charakterystyka obu wymiarów osobowości wskazuje na ich odmienność z punktu widzenia właściwości moralnych, a także funkcjonowania społecznego. Założono, że poczucie winy (jako cecha osobowościowa) wiąże się ze skłonnością do silniejszej akceptacji kodów etycznych, makiawelizm natomiast – ze skłonnością do słabszej akceptacji kodów etycznych. Wykorzystana została także koncepcja kodów etycznych Wojciszke i Baryły. Badanie przeprowadzono wśród studentów (325 osób), stosując Kwestionariusz Etyk (Wojciszke, Baryła), Skalę Mach (Christie, Geis), Kwestionariusz Poczucia Winy (Kofta, Brzeziński, Ignaczak). Analiza uzyskanych wyników dowiodła, że poczucie winy wiąże się ze wzrostem akceptacji wszystkich kodów etycznych (dodatnie współczynniki korelacji między analizowanymi zmiennymi), makiawelizm – ze spadkiem akceptacji kodów etycznych (ujemne współczynniki korelacji między analizowanymi zmiennymi). Oznacza to, że wśród osób cechujących się wysokim poczuciem winy istnieje większa skłonność do analizy zachowań w kategoriach moralnych, z użyciem każdego z kodów. Wraz ze wzrostem makiawelizmu maleje prawdopodobieństwo użycia kategorii moralnych w ewaluacji zachowania.
EN
The research presents the empirical data concerning the relation between ethical codes and personality traits; the study focuses on guilt and Machiavellianism as personality traits. The psychological characteristic of these personality dimensions shows differences in terms of moral qualities and social behavior. The hypothesis states that guilt (as a personality trait) connects with stronger acceptance of ethical codes, whereas Machiavellianism connects with opposite tendency. The conception of ethical codes by Wojciszke and Baryla was also used. The study group consisted of 325 students. The Ethical Questionnaire (Wojciszke, Baryla), Mach V (Christie, Geis), Guilt Questionnaire (Kofta, Brzezinski, Ignaczak) were used as research tools. An analysis of research data revealed that guilt connects with the increase of acceptation of moral codes (positive correlations between analyzed variables), whereas Machivellianism connects with the decrease of acceptance of moral codes (negative correlations between analyzed variables). This means that people with high guilt tend to analyze behavior in moral context using each code. The higher is Machiavellianism, the lower is the probability of using moral categories in behaviour evaluation.
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Beauty and social influence. Adonization and its correlates

75%
Mandal E.
Polish Psychological Bulletin
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2014
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vol. 45
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issue 1
80-91
EN
The article attempts to describe adonization, a specific tactic for exerting influence which employs physical attraction, as well as its determinants. The article presents a proprietary model of determinants and motivational mechanisms which constitute the basis of the attitude toward adonization. A cycle of 3 studies on individual determinants for the attitude toward adonization was described. Results of study 1 (50 women and 50 men) confirmed that male gender, psychological masculinity, narcissism, Machiavellianism and high self-monitoring were correlates of a positive attitude toward adonization. Study 2 (36 women and 36 men) showed that extraversion was the predictor of a positive attitude toward adonization of men and women and that agreeableness was the predictor of a less positive attitude of women. In Study 3 (91 women and 88 men aged 18–63) it was established that there were no differences in the attitude toward adonization in young and middle-aged men. Comparison among young and middle-aged women proved that younger women had a more positive attitude toward adonization in the cognitive and in the affective components than older women.
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Individuálne faktory a faktory morálneho self ako predpoklady porušovania noriem v akademickej sfére

75%
Čopková R., Semanová F., Wencelová J.
E-psychologie (E-psychology)
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2020
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vol. 14
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issue 1
19-38
EN
The research study follows the study focused on the identification of significant predictors of non-ethical behavior in a goal directed behavior (Čopková, Matyiová, & Bartko, 2017). The aim of the current study was the analysis and significance verification of wider connections and relations of probability of behavioral intention´s to violate norm in order to attain academic goal. 154 Slovak university students have participated in the study (80,5 % women; Mage = 21,57; SD = 1,76). Using structural equations, the direct positive effect of personal normative belief, indirect negative effect of conscientiousness, indirect positive effect of Machiavellianism, moral disengagement about cheating and self-licensing in goal attainment on a probability of behavioral intention´s to violate norm in order to attain academic goal formation were identified.
SK
Výskumná štúdia nadväzuje na výskum zaoberajúci sa identifikáciou signifikantných prediktorov neetického správania uskutočneného za účelom dosiahnutia cieľa (Čopková, Matyiová, & Bartko, 2017). Cieľom prezentovanej štúdie bola analýza komplexných vzťahov pravdepodobnosti sformovania zámeru porušiť normu v akademickej oblasti za účelom dosiahnutia cieľa a premenných predstavujúcich jeho potenciálne predpoklady. Analyzované boli dáta od vzorky 154 vysokoškolských študentov vo veku od 18 do 25 rokov (Mvek = 21,57, SD = 1,76), 80,5 % tvorili ženy; 19,5 % muži. Analýzou komplexných vzťahov prostred-níctvom modelovania štrukturálnymi rovnicami bol preukázaný priamy pozitívny efekt personálneho normatívneho presvedčenia, nepriamy negatívny efekt svedomitosti a nepriame pozitívne efekty machiavelizmu, morálnych výpadkov pri akademickom podvádzaní a sebaoprávňovania v dosahovaní cieľa na pravdepodobnosť sformovania zámeru porušiť normu za účelom dosiahnutia cieľa.
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The Dark Triad Traits and Problematic Internet Use: Their Structure and Relations

63%
Jabłońska M. R., Zajdel R.
Polish Sociological Review
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2020
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vol. 212
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issue 4
477-496
EN
The term “problematic Internet use” (PIU) refers to excessive online activities and is a major social concern. Despite various sociological, psychological, and interdisciplinary studies, the risk factors related to PIU remain unclear. As psychological traits are associated with online behavior, they are often seen as potential risk factors of PIU. However, the dark personality traits (which include narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy) and their relation to problematic Internet use are only partially recognized. These traits are commonly known as the Dark Triad, and even though they have been widely researched their structure is still under discussion. This study investigates both the structure of the Dark Triad and the triad’s relation to PIU. A total of 384 participants were surveyed by online questionnaire. Our results suggest that the 3-component structure of the dark traits may be more suitable for research into online activity than a dark dyad. Moreover, the Dark Triad traits are related to high PIU levels.
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Machiavelli redivivus i Wielki Brat znów w folwarku – studium o kilku końcach niewinności w polskiej demokracji najnowszych czasów z perspektywy ‘obywatela 0’

63%
Jaskuła K.
Facta Simonidis
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2018
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issue 11
23-44
PL
Wobec wielu politologicznych, historycznych i socjologicznych analiz rozwoju wolnej demokracji w Polsce przez niemal trzy dekady, niektórzy obywatele czują potrzebę wypowiedzenia się na temat tego, co się ostatnio dzieje w tej sferze w najnowszej historii. Ich opinie kształtuje kultura, literatura, filozofia i ich rozumienie prawa. ‘Obywatel 0’ jest w pewnym wymiarze rzecznikiem ich opinii.
EN
In the light of many analyses concerning the development of free democracy in Poland over the past (almost) three decades and conducted from the viewpoint of sociological, historical and political sciences, some citizens feel the need to present their own, citizen-based views of what has been going on in this field of social life in recent times. Their opinion is also shaped by culture, literature, philosophy and their understanding of law. ‘Citizen 0’ partly represents their voice.
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The dark side of social media: Associations between the Dark Triad of personality, self-disclosure online and selfie-related behaviours

63%
Sanecka E.
Journal of Education Culture and Society
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2017
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vol. 8
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issue 2
71-88
EN
The present study investigated the relations between the Dark Triad personality traits (i.e., Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy), distinct dimensions of self-disclosure online (i.e., honesty, amount, positive valence, and intent) and selfie related-behaviours (taking, posting and editing selfies). The results indicated, that all three Dark Triad components were positively correlated with posting and editing selfies on social networking sites (SNSs). However, multiple regression analysis demonstrated that only narcissism predicted selfie-related behaviours. Narcissism and Machiavellianism were positively related to the amount of personal information disclosed online and the tendency to self-disclose intentionally in computer-mediated communication (CMC). Moreover, we found no significant correlations between the perceived controllability of Internet communication and two types of self-promotion in the Internet (self-disclosure online and selfie-related behaviours). Our findings demonstrate the importance of analysing the "dark" personality traits in the context of self-promotional behaviours in social media.
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O prawnym makiawelizmie polityków

63%
Karwat M.
Historia i Polityka
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2022
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issue 41 (48)
69-86
EN
More and more extensive, and at the same time more “dense” is becoming the sphere of phenomena related to the infringement of the law in political activities, to ignoring legal limitations and prohibitions, abusing the law in political and ideological competition and in governing processes. Such drastic negations of the rule of law are usually accompanied by demonstrative lawlessness, “breaking the law with politics”, more or less cunning, sophisticated, or pathetically non-sophisticated misinterpretation or (when it is convenient) overinterpretation of legal norms. The article presents an outline of a model of some new quality, which deserves a special label – the legal Machiavellianism. It is just a draft of a conceptual-interpretative scheme, however deserving – as the author claims – a critical verification and possible clarifications.
PL
Coraz bardziej rozległa i zarazem „zagęszczona” jest sfera zjawisk związana z naruszaniem prawa w działaniach politycznych, ignorowaniem ograniczeń i zakazów prawnych, nadużywaniem prawa w walce politycznej i ideologicznej oraz w procesach rządzenia. Tym drastycznym zaprzeczeniom praworządności zwykle towarzyszy ostentacyjne bezprawie, „łamanie prawa polityką”, mniej lub bardziej zręczna, finezyjna lub żenująco niewyrafinowana dezinterpretacja lub (kiedy to wygodne) nadinterpretacja norm prawnych. W artykule przedstawiono zarys modelu pewnej nowej jakości, która zasługuje na miano specjalne – makiawelizmu prawnego. Jest to zaledwie szkic wstępny schematu pojęciowo-interpretacyjnego, zasługujący jednak – jak sądzi autor – na krytyczną weryfikację i ewentualne uściślenia.
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Manipulation of the Transfer of Information on the Example of the Activities of Polish Law Enforcement Agencies

63%
Konieczny M. K.
Roczniki Administracji i Prawa
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2022
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vol. 4(XXII)
117-127
PL
Manipulacja jako sposób oddziaływania na człowieka ma wydźwięk negatywny z racji wykorzystywanych technik i sposobów oddziaływania oraz instrumentalizmu w relacji manipulatora z osobą poddawaną manipulacji. Dotyczy to również manipulacji informacją. Niemniej jednak w aspekcie prowadzonych dochodzeń i działań podejmowanych przez organy ścigania manipulacja informacją zyskuje nowy wymiar, ponieważ nierzadko prowadzi do ujawnienia prawdy i wykrycia sprawcy przestępstwa. Poza tym manipulacja informacją wykorzystywana jest w środkach masowego przekazu i służy uspokojeniu opinii publicznej oraz przywróceniu ładu publicznego. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przedstawienie manipulacji informacją jako jednego ze sposobów działania organów ścigania. Podejście do powyższego tematu w pierwszej kolejności wymaga zdefiniowania, czym jest manipulacja, po czym scharakteryzowania zadań oraz specyfiki działania organów ścigania. W meritum artykułu zawarty jest opis zastosowania manipulacji informacją w pracy między innymi takich służb jak policja i prokuratura, wraz z analizą słuszności podejmowania takich działań oraz ukazaniem powyższej sprawy na wybranych przykładach. Poruszony w opracowaniu problem badawczy dotyczył wykorzystania informacji przez służby organów ścigania do manipulowania przekazem w celu uzyskania korzyści związanych z prowadzonym dochodzeniem. Ustalono, że wykorzystana w sposób celowy manipulacja informacją przez polskie organy ścigania pozwala uzyskiwać wymierne korzyści w postaci zdobywania informacji o sprawcach przestępstw, okolicznościach ich popełnienia, a także wykrycia motywów, które skłoniły do popełnienia przestępstwa. Ważnym aspektem manipulowania informacją przez polskie organy ścigania jest możliwość uspokojenia opinii publicznej poprzez udostępnianie tylko takich informacji, które nie będą wzbudzały paniki i niepokojów społecznych.
EN
Manipulation as a way of influencing a person has a negative connotation due to the techniques and methods of influence used, as well as instrumentalism in the manipulator’s relationship with the person subjected to manipulation. This also applies to the manipulation of information. Nevertheless, in terms of investigations and actions taken by law enforcement agencies, information manipulation gains a new dimension, as it often leads to the disclosure of the truth and detection of the perpetrator of the crime. In addition, the manipulation of information is used in the mass media and serves to calm the public and restore public order. The purpose of this article is to present information manipulation as one of the ways in which law enforcement agencies operate. The approach to the above topic requires first defining what manipulation is, and then characterizing the tasks and specificity of the activities of law enforcement agencies. The essence of the article includes a description of the use of information manipulation in the work of, inter alia, services such as the police and the prosecutor’s office, along with an analysis of the rightness of such actions and the presentation of the above case on selected examples. The research problem raised in the study concerned the use of information by law enforcement services to manipulate the message in order to obtain benefits related to the investigation. It was found that the deliberate manipulation of information by the Polish law enforcement authorities allows to obtain tangible benefits in the form of obtaining information about the perpetrators of crimes, the circumstances of their commission, as well as the detection of motives that led to the commission of the crime. An important aspect of information manipulation by Polish law enforcement agencies is the possibility of reassuring the public opinion by making available only such information that will not arouse panic and social unrest.
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Striving to Moral Policy

63%
Nizhnikov S.
Dialogue and Universalism
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2018
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issue 2
119-131
EN
The author investigates possible variants of the correlation between violence and nonviolence in politics. He bases on the scrupulous perusal of primary sources, and aspires to place accents on the concept of a humanistic policy. He asserts that the decision of modern global international and internal problems can be reached only on the basis on a humanistic policy of non-violence: nonresistance to the evil by violence that does not except, but sometimes need resistance to the evil by force. Principles of humanistic policy were opened in “axial time” by world religions and philosophy, advanced by Immanuel Kant, Fyodor Dostoevsky, Mahatma Gandhi, Martin Luther King, etc.
18
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Jacy ludzie mogą liczyć na wsparcie? Ciemna triada i konwersacyjna niebezpośredniość jako predyktory wsparcia społecznego

51%
Filipkowski J., Gerymski R.
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio J – Paedagogia-Psychologia
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2020
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vol. 33
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issue 2
EN
Presented study was conducted on 118 people – 48 men and 70 women, aged between 18 and 65 (M = 24.70; SD = 10.90). The recruitment of the subjects was done online. Snowball method of selection was used. The main goal of the study was to explore potential predictors of social support – the Dark Triad, a construct that consists of three features considered as undesirable: psychopathy, Machiavellianism and narcissism, as well as a conversational style of indirectness, a tendency to both generate statements in which content is hidden, and to look for concealed messages in the statements of others. In addition, it was checked if there was an interaction between the explanatory variables. The discussed results partly confirm two hypotheses about the relationship of social support with the Dark Triad and conversational indirectness. It turned out that statistical analyzes partly confirmed two of the expected conclusions. Relations between Machiavellianism and psychopathy and social support, as well as between the subscale of conversational indirectness (generation) and social support proved to be significant. The expected interaction between the independent variables did not occur.
PL
W przedstawionym badaniu wzięło udział 118 osób – 48 mężczyzn i 70 kobiet, w wieku między 18. a 65. rokiem życia (M = 24,70; SD = 10,90). Rekrutacji osób badanych dokonano za pomocą metody kuli śnieżnej drogą internetową. Głównym celem badania była eksploracja potencjalnych predyktorów wsparcia społecznego – ciemnej triady, czyli konstruktu, na który składają się trzy cechy uznawane za niepożądane: psychopatia, makiawelizm i narcyzm, a także stylu konwersacyjnej niebezpośredniości, czyli skłonności zarówno do generowania wypowiedzi, w których ukryte są jakieś treści, jak i do doszukiwania się niejawnych komunikatów w wypowiedziach innych. Dodatkowo sprawdzono, czy między zmiennymi wyjaśniającymi zachodzi interakcja. Poddane dyskusji wyniki częściowo potwierdzają dwie hipotezy mówiące o związku między ciemną triadą i konwersacyjną niebezpośredniością a wsparciem społecznym. Okazało się, że analizy statystyczne częściowo potwierdziły dwa z przewidywanych wniosków. Istotne okazały się związki między makiawelizmem i psychopatią a wsparciem społecznym oraz między podskalą konwersacyjnej niebezpośredniości (generowaniem) a wsparciem społecznym. Nie udało się potwierdzić przewidywanej interakcji między zmiennymi niezależnymi.
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Die Prager Diskussion über den Machiavellismus als Kritik der Politik der UdSSR

51%
Jiroušek B., Halamová M.
Krakowskie Studia z Historii Państwa i Prawa
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2013
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vol. 6
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issue 3
277–284
EN
The Czech history of the second half of the 20th century is marked by a number of historical twists which suppressed the public discussion of past history; however, the discussion was sometimes possible in the form of allusions. This essay focuses on one of those discussions; i.e. the one organized by Plamen magazine in 1969. The participants knew that they could not openly express their opinions on the invasion of the Warsaw Pact armies in August 1968. Thus, they used the 500th anniversary of Niccolo Machiavelli´s birth (1469–1527) to both recollect his personality and his work and to discuss the question of whether small countries were allowed to defend themselves against big ones. The message and topicality of the discussion constituted an unambiguous criticism of the Soviet Union, which claimed supremacy over its neighbors: its bloc.
20
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Granice zasady „cel uświęca środki” w filozofii władzy Niccola Machiavellego

51%
Potapenko K.
Głos Prawa. Przegląd Prawniczy Allerhanda
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2019
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vol. 2
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issue 2(4)
300-318
PL
W artykule analizowany jest problem współczesnego rozumienia makiawelizmu w kontekście rzeczywistych poglądów Machiavellego. Przedstawione zostały granice zasady „cel uświęca środki”, którymi są: interes publiczny, wybieranie mniejszego zła, uzasadnione stosowanie w czasie wojny środków niemoralnych. Znaczną część rozważań poświęcono analizie celu głównego dla Machiavellego, którym jest dobro ogółu i w tym kontekście możliwych do zastosowania przez władcę środków. Na podstawie prac Machiavellego zrekonstruowano obraz władcy, którego celem jest zjednoczenie Włoch. Ustalenia odniesiono do poglądów z epoki oraz realiów współczesnych, wskazując także na przykłady możliwej interpretacji makiawelizmu współcześnie.
EN
The article analyzes the problem of contemporary understanding of Machiavellianism in the context of Machiavelli’s real views. It presents the boundaries of the principle “the end justifies the means” which include the public interest, selecting the lesser evil, and the justified use of immoral means during the war. Much of the discussion is devoted to an analysis of the common good as a main goal for Machiavelli himself. Based on the work of Machiavelli, an image of the ruler aiming to unify Italy is reconstructed. The findings are then referred to the views from the era as well as to contemporary realities, also by indicating examples of possible interpretations of Machiavellianism today.
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