The documents of the synod of Antioch from 341 contain four confessions of faith. They constitute a reaction to the accusations of Arianism among the bishops of the East by the synod in Rome in 340/341. These accusations arose as a result of the defense of Athanasius of Alexandria and Marcellus of Ancyra, who were deposed in the East allegedly for defending the creed of Nicaea from 325 against the Arian views spreading in the East. Meanwhile, the East struggled with various forms of monarchism. Accusations of Arianism against the bishops of the East constituted a misunderstanding between Rome and Antioch and caused a quick reaction from the bishops at the synod in Antioch in 341. The four formulas of faith of this synod initiated a series of creation of new confessions of faith in the following years and constitute a valuable contribution to the development in the mid-4th century of the truth of faith regarding the confession of One God in Three Persons.
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Dokumenty synodu w Antiochii z 341 roku zawierają cztery wyznania wiary. Są one reakcją na oskarżenia biskupów Wschodu o arianizm ze strony synodu w Rzymie w 340/341 roku. Zarzuty te powstały w rezultacie obrony Atanazego z Aleksandrii i Marcelego z Ancyry, złożonych na Wschodzie z urzędu rzekomo za obronę wyznania wiary z Nicei z 325 roku przeciwko ariańskim poglądom szerzącym się na Wschodzie. Tymczasem Wschód borykał się z różnymi formami monarchianizmu. Zarzuty wobec biskupów Wschodu o arianizm stanowiły nieporozumienie na linii Rzym–Antiochia i wywołały szybką reakcję biskupów na synodzie w Antiochii w 341 roku. Cztery formuły wiary tego synodu zapoczątkowały serię tworzenia nowych wyznań wiary w następnych latach i stanowią cenny wkład na drodze wypracowywania w połowie IV wieku prawdy wiary, że wyznajemy Jednego Boga w Trzech Osobach.
Marcellus perceives the incarnation of Jesus as the moment when not only does the Logos assume a human body, but a change also occurs in God himself. The change consists in the expansion of a monad into a triad. It is the second transformation already. The first one took place at the beginning of creation. It was then that the Logos passed from the State of being „in God" to being „with God". Marcellus underlines that neither the first nor the latter can be defined as generation. The term „generation refers only to Jesus' birth from Mary. The changes undergone by God, first at creation, then at the incarnation, are not of permanent nature. On the contrary, they are temporary and reversible. Upon completing the history of the world, God will return to the monadic State. The incarnation will also come to an end. Marcellus presents the incarnation as temporary and „external" in relation to the Logos. When the „carnal economy" is completed, the Logos is to return to His original State of resting „in God".
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