Search results - CEJSH

1

Filosofie Wolfganga Haricha ve světle jeho pozůstalosti

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Bojda M.

Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)

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2022

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vol. 70

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issue 2

363-380

EN

This review study is dedicated to the work of the German philosopher Wolfgang Harich. In the light of a new edition of his collected works, the author situates Harich’s work in the philosophical and historical contexts out of which it grew. The edition under discussion shows the admirable scope of Harich’s philosophical legacy – its range, erudition and originality. His uniqueness arises especially in regards to the persecutions to which he was subjected in the former GDR and from which it inter alia emerges that a great part of his work in the collected edition is being published for the first time. The study shows the main features of Harich’s thinking to be a significant contribution to the systematic development of Marxist philosophy in the 20th century and interprets them with regard to the newly made available sources, probably for the first time in the Czech environment.

CS

Tato recenzní studie je věnována dílu německého filosofa Wolfganga Haricha. Ve světle nové edice jeho pozůstalosti zasazuje Harichovo dílo do filosofických i historických kontextů, z nichž vyrůstalo. Recenzovaná edice dokazuje obdivuhodný záběr Harichova filosofického odkazu, jeho rozsah, fundovanost i originalitu. Jeho mimořádnost vyvstává zejména vzhledem k perzekucím, jimž byl Harich vystavován v bývalé NDR a z nichž mj. vyplynulo, že větší část jeho díla v pozůstalostní edici vychází vůbec poprvé. Studie ukazuje hlavní rysy Harichova myšlení jako významný příspěvek k systematickému rozvinutí marxistické filosofie ve 20. století a vykládá je s ohledem na nově zpřístupněné prameny. V českém prostředí se tak děje pravděpodobně poprvé.

2

Marxism, Socialism and Democracy

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Llorente R.

Dialogue and Universalism

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2018

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issue 3

141-154

EN

Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels believed that their political project involved a com-mitment to democracy, and many subsequent Marxists have claimed that Marxism’s conception of socialism and communism represents a supremely democratic social arrangement. Many of Marxism’s critics, however, reject this belief, holding that the Marxist conception of socialism and communism entails anti-democratic policies, prac-tices and institutions. While the position of Marxism’s critics is, without question, the predominant view today, it turns out that the arguments used to support this position are highly problematic, insofar as they proceed from certain liberal-democratic assumptions about democracy that Marxists can reasonably reject.

3

"Dějiny pod dohledem." Polské dějiny dějepisectví v letech 1945-1990. Přehled bádání posledního dvacetiletí:

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Nodl M.

Český časopis historický (The Czech Historical Review)

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2020

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vol. 118

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issue 3

712-724

EN

The overview of the research reflects the contributions of Polish historiography in the last twenty years devoted to the history of Polish historiography in the period 1945–1989. Attention is paid to institutional history, the interference of state security in academic institutions, the forms of the censorship of historical works, the biographistics of Polish historians and the comparative works that try to reveal the place of Polish historiography in the European historiography of the second half of the 20th century.

4

Svědomí z nás všech činí subjekty : Subjektivace a podmanění u Althussera

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Butler J., Fulka J.

Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)

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2013

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vol. 61

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issue 2

237-256

EN

A chapter in the book The Psychic Life of Power (1997) offers an original reading of the conception of ideology and ideological inquiry as it is presented by Louis Althusser, one of the most important Marxist thinkers of the twentieth century. Judith Butler’s analysis focuses on the phenomenon of subjectivisation which, in the context of ideological inquiry, enters our consideration, and on the affective bond which is a constitutive condition of the fuctioning of inquiry. The second half of the text is devoted to a polemical discussion with Mladen Dolar, representative of the Lubliana psychoanalytical school which, in its reading of Althusser, brings with it the problematic of ideology and Lacanian psychoanalysis – these polemics concern above all the concept of the real which Dolar transposes from the psychoanalytical context to the Marxist one.

CS

Kapitola z knihy The Psychic Life of Power (1997) nabízí originální četbu pojetí ideologie a ideologické interpelace, jak je předkládá Louis Athusser, jeden z nejvýznamnějších marxistických myslitelů 20. století. Judith Butlerová analyzuje zejména fenomén subjektivace, který v souvislosti s ideologickou interpelací vstupuje do hry, a afektivní pouto, které je konstitutivní podmínkou fungování interpelace. Druhá část textu je věnována polemice s Mladenem Dolarem, představitelem lublaňské psychoanalytické školy, který ve své četbě Althussera propojuje problematiku ideologie a lacanovské psychoanalýzy – tato polemika se týká především pojmu reálna, který Dolar transponuje z psychoanalytického do marxistického kontextu.

5

Rozważania wokół wartości- od Marksa do czasów współczesnych

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Zagóra-Jonszta U.

Studia Ekonomiczne

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2014

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vol. 176

13-21

EN

Many trends in economic thought dealt with the category of value, trying to figure out the sources. Value played an important role in economics of Karol Marks and in subjectivemarginalist trend. In theoretical considerations, modern economics not paying more attention to the category of value. Dispute over the source of value lost interest in economists. The main purpose of description is to present theory of value in terms of economy of Marks and in subjective-marginalist trend. This article also includes trial to answer the question, why modern economics does not pay sufficient attention to this economic category

6

Program, Strategy and Tactics of Communist Movement in Contemporary Epoche

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Wiktor Z.

Reality of Politics

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2020

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issue 11

83-95

EN

The aim of this article is to analyse Communist Party of Poland as the party of Polish proletariat, working class that represents also the interests of other Polish working peoples. Emphasis is placed The strategy of CPP is like other communist parties, socialist revolution, socialism and in the further time communism. The CPP is based in its struggle on the theory of Marxism-Leninism and the progressive tradition of the building of socialism in former People’s Republic Poland.

7

"Není možno se vzdát svobody myšlení" : Vincenc Kramář a marxismus 1945-1960

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Bartlová M.

Umění (Art)

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2018

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vol. 66

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issue 4

246-263

EN

Vincenc Kramář was an important figure in Czech art history and museum management in the period between the two World Wars. Until now, however, systematic attention has not been focussed on his activity in the post-war era. Although already aged seventy in 1947, he continued for a further thirteen years to be an important figure of Czech cultural policy. This study is based on the critical reading of Kramář’s published and also unpublished texts and confronts them with his activities in the same period of time in the context of professional and institutional history, to the extent to which they can be substantiated on the basis of archive documents. The aim was to ascertain what strategies were used by this important representative of the pre-war cultural elite to cope with the new political situation, bearing in mind that I do not consider the simplified polarity of submission and resistance to be suitable and helpful for the acquisition of deeper knowledge. The main personalities with whom the thinking and activity of Kramář are compared are Jaromír Neumann in the generation of the young Stalinists and Karel Teige in the generation of the Czech leftist avantgarde, which was suppressed by force. It is becoming apparent that he was the only acknowledged art historian in our country to consider, at the end of the forties and during the fifties, an original and non-dogmatic, albeit fragmentary and unsystematic, Marxist concept of the theory and history of art; he evidently followed Max Raphael. His influence spread indirectly and privately; its legacy became, in the second half of the forties and the first half of the fifties, a support for the efforts to return the Czechoslovak art and art history of the time towards a modernistic orientation and the values of the avantgarde. Kramář can also be seen as a representative of the pre-war cultural elite who remained active after the communists took power in 1948. He did not reject his pre-war position but he tried to develop it. The study also enables recognition of one of the models of the intellectual work of the time, aimed at such a form of Marxism as would be compatible with traditional local professional discourse and also intellectually satisfying.

CS

Vincenc Kramář byl významnou osobností českých dějin umění a muzejnictví v období mezi dvěma světovými válkami. Jeho působení v poválečné době se však dosud nevěnovala soustavná pozornost. Ačkoli v roce 1947 dosáhl sedmdesáti let, zůstal ještě dalších třináct let důležitou osobností české kulturní politiky. Studie vychází z kritického čtení Kramářových publikovaných i nepublikovaných textů a konfrontuje je s jeho aktivitami ve stejném časovém období v kontextu oborových a institucionálních dějin, jak jsou doložitelné na základě archivních dokumentů. Jejím cílem bylo zjistit, jaké strategie používal významný představitel předválečné kulturní elity k vyrovnání se s novou politickou situací, přitom zjednodušenou polaritu podlehnutí a odporu nepovažuji za vyhovující a přínosnou pro hlubší poznání. Hlavními osobnostmi, s nimiž je Kramářovo myšlení a působení konfrontováno, jsou Jaromír Neumann v generaci mladých stalinistů a Karel Teige v generaci násilím potlačené české levicové avantgardy. Ukazuje se, že jako jediný uznávaný historik umění u nás promýšlel koncem čtyřicátých a v padesátých letech originální a nedogmatickou, byť fragmentární a nesystematickou, marxistickou koncepci teorie a dějin umění. Navázal v ní zřejmě zejména na spisy Maxe Raphaela. Nejen že ji nezpracoval v soustavném textu, ale neuspěl ani s praktickým prosazováním jejích konkrétních kroků a opatření v kulturní politice. Jeho vliv se šířil nepřímo a neveřejně; jeho dědictvím se stala v druhé polovině padesátých a první polovině let šedesátých podpora snah o návrat tehdejšího československého umění i jeho teorie k modernistické orientaci a hodnotám avantgardy. Zároveň se Kramář ukázal jako představitel předválečné kulturní elity ze starší generace, který i po převzetí moci komunisty roce 1948 chtěl zůstat aktivní. Neodmítl svou předválečnou pozici, naopak se ji pokusil rozvinout. Studie také umožňuje poznat jeden z modelů tehdejší intelektuální práce, směřující k takové podobě marxismu, která by byla slučitelná s tradičním místním oborovým diskursem a zároveň intelektuálně uspokojivá.

8

Isonomia and the Origins of Philosophy by Kōjin Karatani

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Morgan J.

Studia Gilsoniana

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2019

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vol. 8

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issue 4

901-914

EN

This paper is a review of the book: Kōjin Karatani, Isonomia and the Origins of Philosophy, trans. Joseph A. Murphy (Durham, N.C., and London: Duke University Press, 2017). According to the author, Karatani’s book is an attempt to refound the West in a Marxist version of ancient Greek history and philosophy.

9

Marksizm w badaniach literackich. Wersja 2.0. Rec.: Ekonomiczne teorie literatury. Pod redakcją Michała Kłosińskiego i Pawła Tomczoka. Katowice 2017. „Ekonomia Literatury”. [T.] 1. – Ekonomie w literaturze i kulturze. Pod redakcją Borysa Cymbrowskiego i Pawła Tomczoka. Katowice 2017. „Ekonomia Literatury”. [T.] 2. – Literackie ekonomie. Pod redakcją Pawła Wolskiego i Pawła Tomczoka. Katowice 2017. „Ekonomia Literatury”. [T.] 3. – Ekonomia w badaniach literackich. Zagadnienia teoretyczne. Pod redakcją Łukasza Milenkowicza i Pawła Tomczoka. Katowice 2017. „Ekonomia Literatury”. [T.] 4. – Paweł Tomczok, Literacki kapitalizm. Obrazy abstrakcji ekonomicznych w literaturze polskiej drugiej połowy XIX wieku. Katowice 2018. „Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Śląskiego w Katowicach”. Nr 3694

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Mrozik A.

Pamiętnik Literacki

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2019

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vol. 110

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issue 2

210-219

PL

W tekście omówione zostały prace z serii "Ekonomia literatury", wydane w 2017 roku przez Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego, a także monografia Pawła Tomczoka "Literacki kapitalizm. Obrazy abstrakcji ekonomicznych w literaturze polskiej XIX wieku", opublikowana nakładem tego wydawnictwaw 2018 roku. Autorka przygląda się ich miejscu na mapie nowszych propozycji interpretacyjnych i metodologicznych oraz podejmuje próbę zdefiniowania ich roli w „odzyskiwaniu” marksizmu jako płodnego i twórczego kierunku w polskich badaniach literatury, kultury i społeczeństwa.

EN

The paper discusses four collective books from the series “Ekonomia Literatury” (“Economy of Literature”): "Ekonomiczne teorie literatury" ("Economic Literary Theories"); "Ekonomie w literaturze i kulturze" ("Economies in Literature and Culture"); "Literackie ekonomie" ("Literary Economies"); "Ekonomia w badaniach literackich. Zagadnienia teoretyczne" ("Economy in Literary Studies. Theoretical Problems") published in 2017 by “Ulucz” and Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego (The University of Silesia Press), as well as Paweł Tomczok’s monograph "Literacki kapitalizm. Obrazy abstrakcji ekonomicznych w literaturze polskiej drugiej połowy XIX wieku" ("Literary Capitalism. Images of Economic Abstractions in the Second Half of the 19th c. Polish Literature") issued by the same publishing house in 2018. The reviewer looks at the place of the publications on the map of the new interpretive and methodological proposals and makes an attempt to define their role in “regaining” Marxism as a fruitful and creative trend in the Polish research in literature, culture and society.

10

Karl Marx versus Max Weber: The Forefathers’ Heritage As a Social History Constant

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Melichar B.

Prager wirtschafts- und sozialhistorische Mitteilungen - Prague Economic and Social History Papers

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2016

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vol. 24

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issue 2

87-97

EN

The study gives an analysis of impact of Karl Marx and Max Weber and their classic theories on the development of the social historiography. Marx and Weber not only stood with their theoretical works behind the foundation of modern social sciences but generated homogenous concepts of historical development. Marxsist concepts of socioeconomic formations and class struggle are usually interpreted in sharp contrast to Weberian theories of rationalization and types of domination (Herrschaft). Certainly one can agree that up to the present day both systems are of extreme explicative potential. The opinion which of these systems adequately describes social reality of historical periods and the dynamics of historical change became during the 20th century the distinctive mark of individual research approaches in social history. Marx’s and Weber’s work unquestionablyinfluenced the classics of modern social history, from British Marxists associated with the journal Past and Present and History Workshop, following the founders of Bielefeld school to the post-modern trends of microhistory, historical anthropology and so-called linguistic turn. The main contribution of this study is therefore the reflection of those impacts that up to the present day ultimately determine the debates on the key term of the social history — the character of the “Social”.

11

Na vnějším okraji "Teologického traktátu"

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Šabata J.

Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)

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2012

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vol. 60

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issue 2, Special No: Hledání ztraceného času

353-357

EN

The article is prefaces by a biographical note by Jan Zouhar, Remembering Jaroslav Šabata. In the article itself Šabata, “in the outer margins of Czesław Miłosz’s Theological Tract”, oﬀers a profoundly personal confession of lived dynamics of faith, be it Christian or Communist. He understands faith as a stance of willingness to measure oneself by more than personal interest. He speaks of an unconditional trust which makes for a historical catharsis. Rejecting neither the Communist nor the Christian ideal, heraises them to the level of a transformation of historical subjectivity intensiﬁed by the struggle for social transformation. Tus his confession transcends the seeming chasm between Christian and communist faith.

12

The Development of Marxist Shakespearean Criticism in China

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Zhang W.

Multicultural Shakespeare: Translation, Appropriation and Performance

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2019

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vol. 20

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issue 35

99-113

EN

Chinese Shakespearean criticism from Marxist perspectives is highly original in Chinese Shakespeare studies. Scholars such as Mao Dun, Yang Hui, Zhao Li, Fang Ping, Yang Zhouhan, Bian Zhilin, Meng Xianqiang, Sun Jiaxiu, Zhang Siyang and Wang Yuanhua adopt the basic principles and methods of Marxism to elaborate on Shakespeare’s works and have made great achievements. With ideas changed in different political climates, they have engaged in Shakespeare studies for over eight decades since the 1930s. At the beginning of the revolutionary age, they advocated revolutionary literature, followed Russian Shakespearean criticism from the Marxist perspective, and established the mode of class analysis and highlighted realism. Before and after the Cultural Revolution, they were concerned about class, reality and people. They also showed the “left-wing” inclination, taking literature as a tool to serve politics. Since the 1980s, they have been free from politics and entered the pure academic realm, analysing Shakespearean dramas with Marxist aesthetic theories and transforming from sociological criticism to literary criticism.

13

Cztery poziomy krytyki europejskiego uniwersalizmu

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Nowicki F.

Nowa Krytyka

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2016

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issue 37

41-60

EN

The article presents the critique of European universalism as a form of rule and domination. Capitalist democracy is opposed to the idea of democracy axiological, which is open to regional forms of its institutional implementation.

14

Classics have another quality too (...) they do not need to be true – o rewizjonizmie Williama Doyle’a

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Dworniczak D.

Academic Journal of Modern Philology

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2018

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vol. 7

179-194

EN

The aim of the paper is to present up-to-date critics of the model of the causes of the French Revolution present in the orthodox (Marxist) school’s syntheses (regarding prominent historians, such as: A. Mathiez, G. Lefebvre and A. Soboul). The paper discusses the role of the noblesse, bourgeoisie in relation with the role of the public opinion before the French Revolution. It also indicates some internal inconsistencies of the described critics. The work is based mainly on the syntheses and papers delivered by William Doyle.

15

Táborský komunismus : ke genezi pojmu v historiografii 19. a 20. století

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Nodl M., Miller S.

Český časopis historický (The Czech Historical Review)

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2019

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vol. 117

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issue 4

906-934

EN

term Taborite communism in medievalist research of the time of František Palacký. In it, the author shows how the political opinions of historians of the 19th and 20th centuries as well as contemporary and ideological conditionality of historiographic interpretations were reflected in the changes of the terminology. To label early Taboriticism with the word communism in the Czech medievalist discourse became entirely common under the influence of the second edition of The History of the Czech Nation until the February coup in 1948. The emerging Czech Marxist historiography in the tow of Friedrich Engels, who connected the social changes in Tabor exclusively with the organization of military power and purposely did not use the term communism in relation to Tabor, in the overwhelming majority of cases replaced Taborite communism with the term the chiliastic community of property.

16

Philosophy of History and Heterodox Marxism as Value Critique. A Reconciliation Beyond Historical Materialism

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Gava J.-F.

Dialogue and Universalism

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2017

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issue 2

151-157

EN

We would like here to contribute to lower the fracture between orthodox Marxism and heterodox Marxism, which means grosso modo: between historical materialism and the critique of value. There, of course, would be for the former a high price to pay, that of an important redefinition of the philosophy of history. But the latter also should rec-ognize that a philosophy of history is an inseparable presupposition of Wertkritik, that one has long, among heterodox Marxists, thought capable of prancing autonomously from the former.

17

Proletarian Philosophy in Selected Plays by Ola Rotimi

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Adeniyi V. O.

Anglica Wratislaviensia

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2018

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issue 56

11 - 22

EN

The early plays of Ola Rotimi are literary works in which Rotimi places an emphasis on the position of the gods in man’s life. They are plays in which the concept of tragedy is portrayed through the eyes of noble people. They are plays in which Rotimi places an emphasis on the nobility of birth of the protagonists. His later plays, however, put an emphasis on the proletariat. This article examines the Marxist aesthetics and ideology in Ola Rotimi’s If: A Tragedy of the Ruled (1983) and Hopes of the Living Dead (1988). It reflects on Rotimi’s ideological departure into revolutionary drama in his later plays compared to such earlier plays as The Gods Are Not To Blame (1979), Kurunmi (1971) and Ovonranwem Nogbaisi (1974). The study shows that Rotimi stresses the importance of the proletariat in society as reflected in If: A Tragedy of the Ruled (1983) and Hopes of the Living Dead (1988). The paper argues that Rotimi’s acceptance of a new vision of commitment as revealed in the plays is an act of intellectual decolonisation. The paper concludes that Rotimi wrote these particular plays with the conscious aim of not only representing society as it is, but also with the aim of presenting society as it ought to be.

18

The Return to the Critique of the Political Economy Project in the Dialectics of the Concrete by Karel Kosík

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Leão da Costa Neto P.

Dialogue and Universalism

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2016

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issue 2

65-80

EN

Karel Kosík’s book Dialectics of the Concrete. A Study on Problems of Man and World, elaborated under the impact of the de-Stalinization process, is one of the im-portant attempts to rethink Marxist philosophy; it was an attempt to overcome the theo-retical stagnation caused by the Stalinist period. It considers the state of Marxist theory, its relations to the past theoretical tradition, as well as it attempts to develop a critical and creative dialogue with different contemporary theoretical conceptions, then hege-monic. Through his reading of Marx and his A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy project, Kosík searches for ways of discussing different relationships between philosophy and economics in the contemporary world, and, in particular, he analyzes different theoretical or ideological forms of the reified characteristics of the pseudocon-crete world of care (starost), homo oeconomicus and economic factor.

19

Between the Nation and Socialism in Yugoslavia. The Debate between Dobrica Ćosić and Dušan Pirjevec in the 1960s

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Cosovschi A.

Slovanský přehled: historická revue pro dějiny střední, východní a jihovýchodní Evropy (Slavonic Review: Review for Central, Eastern and Southeastern European history)

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2015

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vol. 101

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issue 2

293-317

EN

From a perspective rooted in conceptual history, the following article studies the transformations of Yugoslav political discourse from the end of World War II until the 1960s, in order to later analyze the famous debate held by the Serbian writer Dobrica Ćosić and the Slovene critic Dušan Pirjevec regarding cultural cooperation between the Yugoslav republics. By examining the transition from a centralist model to a more decentralized model based on the conceptual paradigm of selfmanagement and the consequences of such a transformation on the official approach towards the national question, the text aims at taking a closer look to the development of the new political language of Yugoslav communism and its effects on the political and intellectual debates of the time.

20

Communism as a Spiritual Attack on Man

89%

Zwoliński A.

The Person and the Challenges. The Journal of Theology, Education, Canon Law and Social Studies Inspired by Pope John Paul II

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2018

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vol. 8

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issue 2

PL

Marxist ideology, and later the practice of the communist state, denied the essential goals of education, making it an important tool for indoctrination. Man ceased to be the highest value, and was replaced by other values that were lower than him.The communist program of raising children and youth in atheism, without God, was an attack on all believers, because it impacted the future of any religion in Russia.The pontificate of John Paul II, the first Pope from a communist country, was important in determining the threat of Marxism. In the encyclical „Laborem Exercens” the Pope stated that “by the use of various kinds of influence, including revolutionary pressure, it aims to win a monopoly of power in each society.” (LE, 11). The fundamental assessment of Marxism was made by John Paul II in response to social issues posed by the so-called theology of liberation. This power reaches deep and is vast, because it affects the whole person, in all dimensions of his existence.

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