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EN
The coverage of the situation reports of the Silesian authorities for the period 1933-1939 highlighted the behaviour of German society involved in creating unions and associations of various shades and political options. This material depicts the picture with the evolution in the attitude of the Germans in Silesia going in two directions. One is marked with irredentism and deriving not only inspiration, but also directives and financial resources from the Weimar Republic and later the Reich. The other direction was more or less oriented towards the autonomous policy (in relation to the political objectives of the German policy) of the part of the minority, which required loyal inclusion in the Polish reality. The most often mentioned advocate of the latter direction was Dr Eduard Pant. The possibilities of following the same road were also in other groupings, especially Catholic ones. The situation changed as the Nazi regime began the road to war. In this case, the opposition to Hitler in German society actually was gradually dying; a majority of the Germans outside the Reich decided to follow Hitler as their patriotic duty, which did not have to mean they identified with the Nazi world-view.
PL
W artykule została ukazana polityka wojewody Michała Grażyńskiego wobec niemieckich szkół mniejszościowych na polskim Górnym Śląsku w latach 1926–1939. Polityka ta była ukierunkowana na ograniczenie wpływów niemieckiego szkolnictwa w autonomicznym województwie oraz wzmocnienie szeroko pojętej polskiej kultury. Do wybuchu II wojny światowej – mimo sprzeciwu mniejszości niemieckiej – wojewoda Grażyński starał się konsekwentnie realizować autorską politykę oświatową i kulturalną. The article presents the policy pursued by Voivode Michał Grażyński towards German minority schools in Polish Upper Silesia in 1926–1939. His policy was directed on the limitation of influence of German education in the autonomous province and strengthening of broadly understood Polish culture. To the very outbreak of the Second World War Voivode Grażyński – despite resistance of the German minority – tried to pursue his own educational and cultural policy.
EN
The article deals with the analysis of the socio-political, cultural and intellectual circumstances in which the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences prepared and published the three-volume Historia Śląska od najdawniejszych czasów do roku 1400 [History of Silesia from the beginning to 1400]. Based on archival documents and published sources, an attempt is made to reconstruct the historiographical “fields of tension” that influenced this outstanding monument to Polish interwar historiography.
PL
Artykuł dotyczy analizy okoliczności społeczno-politycznych, kulturowych i intelektualnych, w których Polska Akademia Umiejętności przygotowała i wydała trzytomową Historię Śląska od najdawniejszych czasów do roku 1400. Na podstawie dokumentów archiwalnych i źródeł publikowanych zostaje podjęta próba rekonstrukcji historiograficznych „pól napięć”, które wpłynęły na kształt tego wybitnego pomnika polskiej historiografii międzywojennej.
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