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EN
In the article, I consider the factors determining the results of excavations and the relationship between the results obtained and the views expressed about the past by researchers/archaeologists. I am interested in the extent to which and how the attitude of the researcher and the choice of method(s) of exploration of cultural stratifications determine the amount of information obtained. I conduct these considerations based on the theory of scientific cognition formulated in the interwar period by the Lvov (now Lviv) microbiologist Ludwik Fleck. According to his assumptions, it was supposed to change the thinking of the time about, among other things, truth as a real existing being or the objectivity of scientists’ findings. Fleck’s theory concerns science in the broadest sense of the term, the principles and rules governing its cognition, and in this form it was (and still is) applied by specialists in various disciplines. In this article, I have used the theory of the Lvov microbiologist to highlight the factors that determined the results of excavations carried out by two teams exploring the medieval burial ground and settlement of Milicz in 1953 and in 1960-1962.
EN
The paper discusses changes in the way early medieval stronghold relics located in the North-East Silesia were perceived during the past four centuries and shows how the interest in these structures were developing from the early modern period until the turn of the 20th century. The aforementioned issues were not studied in a detailed way until now. Written historical records, cartographic sources together with the toponymy as well as the typology of the studied structures that had developed since the 19th century were analysed. Special attention was paid to the stronghold relics in Wrocławice, Lelików, Góry and Milicz. They make up a part of a bigger settlement complex located within the area of the former Milicz-Żmigród district. The paper goes beyond the previous studies which aimed chiefly at recording archaeological sites (creating a complete catalogue) and focuses on a critical approach towards the issue of evolution in methods of documenting strongholds over time.
EN
The article aims at presenting the unknown collection of musical documents from the book collection that formerly belonged to the Maltzan family of Milicz (German: Militsch) in Silesia. In 1945, the palace book collection was seized by the new Polish authorities and then transported to the Library of the Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, where it still remains in the library’s hoildings. The collection of music documents, sources and memorabilia, part of the larger Maltzan book collection, documents the musical patronage of the members of the family, in particular that of the times of Count Joachim Carl Maltzan (1786–1817) and Count Joachim Alexander Kasimir Maltzan (1817–1850). The Maltzan book collection includes music documents from the 18th and the 19th centuries: two large collections of scores, eleven single manuscripts and two prints containing collectively a hundred and ten works. A source and repertory analysis of the documents allow us to indicate distinctive features of the music played at the Maltzans court. They involved their choice of a particular selection of instruments: the viola da gamba as a solo recital instrument, the French horn and the viola d’amore.
PL
Celem artykułu jest prezentacja nieznanej dotychczas kolekcji muzykaliów pochodzącej z biblioteki rodziny Maltzanów z Milicza (Militsch) na Śląsku. Księgozbiór pałacowy w 1945 roku został zabezpieczony i przewieziony do Biblioteki Uniwersyteckiej w Poznaniu, gdzie przechowywany jest do dziś. Należąca do niego kolekcja źródeł muzycznych dokumentuje patronat muzyczny członków rodziny Maltzanów, szczególnie czasy panowania hr. Joachima Carla Maltzana (1786–1817) oraz hr. Joachima Alexandra Kasimira Maltzana (1817–1850). W księgozbiorze Maltzanów zachowały się muzykalia pochodzące z XVIII i XIX wieku: dwa duże zbiory utworów, 11 pojedynczych rękopisów oraz dwa druki zawierające łącznie 110 utworów. Analiza źródłowa i repertuarowa pozwala na wskazanie cech wyróżniających muzykę na dworze Maltzanów. Było to charakterystyczne instrumentarium: solowo wykorzystywana viola da gamba, waltornia i viola d’amore.
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