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EN
Drawing empirically on the examples of the Church of Latter-Day Saints’ (Mormon) participation in anti-ERA (Equal Rights Amendment) ratification campaign and its latest attempts to influence other political issues of moral consequences (such as same-sex marriage) in the United States, the paper attempts to analyse the dynamics of a contemporary religiously motivated political movement.Despite being, on any of these issues, a part of a wider coalition of political actors, the Mormon church displayed a specifically religious motivation, justification and modus operandi. Owing to strong religious legitimacy of their power – based on the doctrine of continuous revelation and enhanced by a sort of “personality cult” of the Church President-Prophet developing in late 20th century – the leadership of the church has been capable of effective grassroots mobilization, achieved through a disciplined universal priesthood structure.While, from the theoretical point of view, this Mormon political movement is of a traditional, “old” variation (ideological and social cohesion of members, well-defined, stable membership, hierarchical leadership etc.) it has nevertheless been relatively successful in modern political environment. The Mormon engagement, at least in the anti-ERA campaign, had made a difference certainly in Utah, and probably elsewhere as well.
EN
Mormonism is a relatively new religion that has achieved remarkable success on a global scale. According to numerous researchers, there is a potential for it to become a world religion in the future. In this paper, I will focus on the specific characteristics of Mormonism, particularly The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, that have contributed to its global success. This success can be measured by the rapid and steady growth of its followers. I argue that this success is a result of the rare ability of Mormonism to maintain a dynamic balance between assimilation and the preservation of one’s cultural and religious identity. The Mormon religious doctrines, practices, and the way the church operates, both in its country of origin and globally, allow it to quickly adapt to a changing world while also maintaining a moderate tension towards the socio-cultural environment. Some examples of these characteristics include continuous revelation, unique beliefs, the coexistence of explicit and implicit beliefs and practices, a specific language used for missionary activities, and efficient utilization of globalization processes. These factors together enable Mormons to successfully balance between assimilation and preservation.
PL
Mormons are particularly concerned about missionary work, putting much effort into converting non-Mormons into their faith. The proposed text attempts to focus on the goals of the missionary activity of this quasi-Christian new religious movement, to explain the processes by which the Mormons formed their view of conversion and how to achieve them in daily life during missionary work at the early stages of the history of the denomination. An analysis of the idea of mission in the teaching and practice of the Church of Joseph Smith allows us to gain an understanding of the general theological and anthropological principles of modern Mormonism.  
DE
Die Kirche Jesu Christi der Heiligen der Letzten Tage  (The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints) ist zweifelsohne eine der sich gegenwärtig dynamisch entwickelnden religiösen Organisationen. Das Wissen um die dogmatische und organisatorische Unterschiedlichkeit der Gemeinschaften, die der am 6.04.1830 von Joseph Smith Jr. gegründeten Organisation emporgeschossen sind, scheint jedoch ungenügend zu sein. Solche Fragestellungen wie die Kontinuität der Offenbarung, Polygamie, Rassenüberzeugungen oder das Verhältnis zur Homosexualität bestimmen die Dynamik dieser Strömung in ihrer Entwicklung und ihrer gegenwärtigen Form. Der Artikel bildet einen Versuch, die historischen Aufteilungen im Schoss des Mormonentums unter Berücksichtigung ihrer Einflüsse auf den heutigen Stand dieser religiösen Strömung zu rekonstruieren.
EN
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints is surely one of the most thriving religious organisations in the contemporary world. There seems to be little awareness, however, of how different in terms of dogma and structures are the communities that sprang up from the organisation founded by Joseph Smith Jr on April 6th in 1830. Issues such as the continuity of revelation, polygamy, racial views and attitude to homosexuality have defined the dynamics of the movement’s present development and shape. The article is an attempt at reconstructing the historical divisions within Mormonism and considers their impact on the condition of this religious movement nowadays. 
PL
Kościół Jezusa Chrystusa Świętych w Dniach Ostatnich (The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints) jest niewątpliwie jedną z prężniej działających organizacji religijnych w dzisiejszym świecie. Niedostateczna wydaje się jednak świadomość zróżnicowania dogmatycznego i organizacyjnego wspólnot, które wyrosły na podglebiu organizacji powołanej 6 kwietnia 1830 r. przez Josepha Smitha Jr. Takie zagadnienia jak ciągłość objawienia, poligamia, poglądy rasowe czy stosunek do homoseksualizmu wyznaczają dynamikę tego nurtu w jego rozwoju i obecnym kształcie. Artykuł stanowi próbę rekonstrukcji historycznych podziałów w łonie mormonizmu z uwzględnieniem ich wpływu na stan obecny tego nurtu religijnego.
PL
Proponowany tekst jest próbą syntetycznej analizy chrystologii Kościoła Jezusa Chrystusa Świętych w Dniach Ostatnich, nazywanych mormonami. Najpierw autor analizuje oryginalną koncepcję chrystologiczną mormonów, a następnie porównuje ją z teologią chrześcijańską. Okazuje się, że (uważane za natchnione) oficjalne nauczanie mormonów dotyczące natury, pochodzenia, misji, zmartwychwstania Chrystusa oraz paruzji jest niekompatybilne z chrystologią tradycyjnych wyznań chrześcijańskich. Proponowany tekst może być przyczynkiem do dalszych badań nad rolą osoby Jezusa Chrystusa nie tyle w oficjalnej wykładni tej nowej, parachrześcijańskiej religii, ile w codziennym życiu adeptów nowego Kościoła, zwłaszcza w obszarze modlitwy, liturgii i relacji wewnątrzgrupowych.
EN
The author analyses the original christological concept propounded by members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (Mormons), and compares it with the Christian theology. It turns out that the official Mormon teaching on Christ’s nature, origins, mission, resurrection and Parousia (thought of as inspired) is incompatible with the christology of the traditional Christian denominations. Despite J. Smith’s and his successors’ radical departure from the pronouncements of Christian denominations, the proposed text may encourage further research into the person of Jesus Christ and his role in – perhaps, not so much the official teaching of this new, para-christian religion – but in the everyday life of Mormons, especially in their prayers, liturgy and communal relationships.
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