Search results

1

Tourism in Moscow after the ‘Perestroika’ transformations

100%

Aleksandrova A. Y.

Turyzm

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2012

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vol. 22

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issue 1

41-52

EN

Moscow seems indeed to be a centre of world tourism. On the one hand, its tourism attractiveness for Russians and foreigners, as well as the wide opportunities it offers to its own inhabitants, stimulates trips for tourism and recreational purposes. On the other hand, it is determined by a number of historical, geographical, demographic, geopolitical, economic and socio-cultural factors.

2

Development of industrial areas on the territory of Moscow and their reorganization at the turn of the 21 st century

100%

Elagin S.

Prace Komisji Geografii Przemysłu Polskiego Towarzystwa Geograficznego

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2010

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vol. 16

20-28

EN

The article outlines the main features of the development of industrial areas (zones) on the territory of Moscow and their reorganization in the period 1990-2009. Along with the reorganization of economy “from plan to market”, the process of changes in the industrial sphere began in Moscow City. It is noted that during that period privatization of many industrial enterprises was carried out. They were undergoing restructuring and liquidation. A spontaneous process of wide-scale building of commercial housing estates and shopping centres began in Moscow City on the former territories of production facilities. Pictures No. 1–11 show the examples of industrial zones reorganization in the city.

3

Tourism in Moscow after the ‘Perestroika’ transformations

100%

Aleksandrova A.

Tourism

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2012

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vol. 22

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issue 1

41-52

EN

Moscow seems indeed to be a centre of world tourism. On the one hand, its tourism attractiveness for Russians and foreigners, as well as the wide opportunities it offers to its own inhabitants, stimulates trips for tourism and recreational purposes. On the other hand, it is determined by a number of historical, geographical, demographic, geopolitical, economic and socio-cultural factors.

4

PODGBUREK, ŁAZIK, SEKTANT… – LEKSYKALNE ODZWIERCIEDLENIE WROGÓW PAŃSTWA RADZIECKIEGO (NA MATERIALE Z GAZETY „TRYBUNA RADZIECKA” Z LAT 1927–1938)

80%

Graczykowska T.

Acta Neophilologica

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2014

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vol. XVI/1

15-25

EN

This article presents a lexical material excerpted from the Polish weekly “Trybuna Radziecka” published in Moscow in 1927–1938. The author tries to show that the new realities of life in the Soviet Union had a colossal effect on the Polish language of “Trybuna Radziecka”. The paper contains 23 lexems. The lexical items are listed with quotes of textual illustrations and conclusions. The largest group are borrowings from Russian language (e.g. kułak, podkułacznik, sektant). Next in the line are the so-called Sowietisms, that lexical items naming the Russian reality of the post-revolutionionary period (e.g. gburczyk, łazik).

5

Język polski w Rosji Radzieckiej w okresie międzywojennym a polszczyzna na Białorusi radzieckiej (na materiale wybranych zagadnień fleksji rzeczowej)

80%

Graczykowska T.

Acta Baltico-Slavica

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2011

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vol. 35

EN

The Polish language in Soviet Russia in the interwar period and the Polish language in Soviet Belarus (based on selected features of noun inflexion)In this present paper the author makes an attempt to compare several specific features of noun inflexion excerpted from “Trybuna Radziecka” with the adequate material from the Belarussian press published in the interwar period too. “Trybuna Radziecka” was the Polish newspaper published in Moscow from 1927 to 1938 and edited by Polish Communists, living as political émigrés in the post-revolution Soviet Russia. The Polish language (including the language of the Polish press) in Soviet Russia was subject to two powerful mechanisms: communist propaganda and totalitarianism. The language of the Polish press is characteristic of numerous divergences in relation to general Polish especially in vocabulary (the lexical level is dominated by the Russicisms and Sovietic elements). Comaparative analysis shows that the deviations from the general Polish occurred in both sources, but the specific inflexion features are not numerous. The flexion level is arisen under the influence of foreign language system (Belarussian and Russian). All the regional features still function in the postwar Northern Borderland Polish. Польский язык в советской России в период между первой и второй мировой войнами и польский язык в советской Белоруссии (на избранных примерах флексии имени существительного)В статье сопоставлен язык газеты „Trybuna Radziecka”, издаваемой польскими коммунистами в Москве в межвоенный период, с языком польской прессы, публикуемой в советской Белоруссии в то же веремя. Анализ ведётся на избранных примерах флексии имени существительного. Большинство явлений отмечено в обоих источниках. Следует подчеркнуть, что почти все представленные особенности флексии существительного появились вследствие восточнославянского воздействия, прежде всего русского. Некоторые отклонения представляют собой общепольские тенденции того времени (напр. колебания -i (-y) // -owie в именительном падеже существительных м.р. типа liberali или колебания ø // -i в родительном падеже мн.ч. существительных ж.р. типа czytelń). Как показало исследование, все указанные явления в области флексии зафиксированы также в послевоенной вильнюсской прессе. Автор подчёркивает, что ком мунистическая пропаганда и тоталитаризм оставили на польском языке (включая язык польской прессы) в советской России в межвоенный период сильный отпечаток (особенно в лексике).

6

Selected Linguistic Features of Political Propaganda Language in the Soviet Polish Language in the Interwar Period (Based on Moscow Newspaper “Trybuna Radziecka”)

71%

Graczykowska T.

Slavia Orientalis

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2018

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vol. LXVII

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issue 4

7

Dom dziecięcy, bieg barjerowy, kulturalno-bytowe obsługiwanie, czyli o frazemach w polskojęzycznej prasie radzieckiej (na materiale „Trybuny Radzieckiej” z lat 1927-1938)

70%

Graczykowska T.

Acta Neophilologica

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2016

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issue 18/2

57-70

EN

This article deals with the phrasemes found in the Soviet variant of the Polish language in the years preceding World War II. Analytical material is collected from “Trybuna Radziecka”, a central Polish weekly published in Moscow in 1927–1938 and edited by Polish left-wing intelligentsia, living in the USRR as political émigrés in this period. Phrasemes are classified thematically to present the new realities of life in the Soviet Union (e.g. politics – abecadło wyborcze, services – kulturalno-bytowe obsługiwanie, education – dom dziecięcy). Almost all phrasemes are borrowings from the Russian language.

8

Počátky sokolského hnutí v Moskvě (konec 19. a počátek 20. století)

70%

Kotov V. V.

Slovanský přehled: historická revue pro dějiny střední, východní a jihovýchodní Evropy (Slavonic Review: Review for Central, Eastern and Southeastern European history)

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2016

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vol. 102

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issue 2

179-204

EN

This article examines the history of the Moscow Sokol movement at the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th century. The Sokol movement in Russia is here conceived as an example of translating a cultural practice from a Central European to East European environment. The Sokol movement originated and evolved in the Czech lands under very different historical and social conditions than those of that time in Russia. Assimilation to the different environment necessarily required implementing certain modifications. A milestone for the Russian Sokol movement was the founding of the First Russian Gymnastics Society in Moscow in 1883, which gradually transformed into a genuine Sokol club. Certain personalities had a crucial influence upon these developments. Starting in 1891 František Olšaník was the leader of the gymnastic organization in Moscow, and Ferdinand Karel Šnepp took over after him in 1901. It was these two who introduced many of the truly Sokol elements into the Russian gymnastics organizations. However, they did not manage to impress upon them all of the characteristics of Czech Sokol, nor did the groups taking shape in Russia even bear the name of Sokol. The Krajanský Český kroužek [Czech Compatriots’ Club] that was founded in 1902 also still did not have the word Sokol in its name, though it had much in common with the Czech Sokol movement. The era of the Sokol movement’s heyday in Russia came after the revolution in 1905, and it was associated with social transformations and with neo-Slavism.

9

Uwagi o sowietyzmach w polszczyźnie etnicznej i radzieckiej w dwudziestoleciu międzywojennym (na materiale „Encyklopedycznego słownika wyrazów obcych. Pochodzenie wyrazów, wymowa, objaśnienia pojęć, skróty, przysłowia, cytaty” Trzaski, Everta, Michalskiego i moskiewskiej „Trybuny Radzieckiej” z lat 1927–1938)

70%

Graczykowska T.

Acta Baltico-Slavica

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2016

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vol. 40

EN

Observations on the Soviet Vocabulary in the Ethnic Polish Language and the Soviet Polish Language in the Interwar Period (Based on Trzaska-Evert-Michalski “Encyclopedic Dictionary of Foreign Words” and “Trybuna Radziecka,” 1927–1938)The paper discusses the Soviet vocabulary extracted from “Trybuna Radziecka”, a central Polish weekly published in Moscow in 1927–1938 and edited by Polish left‑wing intelligentsia, living in the USRR as political émigrés in this period as well as some Sovietisms included in the Encyclopedic Dictionary of Foreign Words, edited by S. Lam, published by Trzaska-Evert-Michalski in Warsaw in 1939. The author tries to demonstrate that the new realities of life and state power in the Soviet Union had immense influence on the Polish language in Russia in the interwar period, and especially on the language of “Trybuna Radziecka.” This weekly was imbued with Sovietisms. They were in common use of the Poles living in Soviet Russia in the interwar period. The Soviet vocabulary in Trzaska-Evert-Michalski dictionary represents two layers. The first one includes lexical items fully assimilated by the Polish language, e.g. kołchoz, komsomolec. The second one contains exotic words, used occasionally, e.g. ispołkom, krasnoarmiejec, otlicznik, piatiletka. Uwagi o sowietyzmach w polszczyźnie etnicznej i radzieckiej w dwudziestoleciu międzywojennym (na materiale Encyklopedycznego słownika wyrazów obcych. Pochodzenie wyrazów, wymowa, objaśnienia pojęć, skróty, przysłowia, cytaty Trzaski, Everta, Michalskiego i moskiewskiej „Trybuny Radzieckiej” z lat 1927–1938)W artykule omówiono słownictwo radzieckie zarejestrowane w Encyklopedycznym słowniku wyrazów obcych wydanym w 1939 r. w Warszawie przez Trzaskę, Everta, Michalskiego, pod redakcją S. Lama i jednocześnie odzwierciedlone w „Trybunie Radzieckiej”, która ukazywała się w Moskwie w latach 1927–1938. Sowietyzmy zamieszczone w słowniku Trzaski i in. można podzielić na dwie grupy. Pierwszą grupę stanowią wyrazy, które nigdy nie były w powszechnym użyciu w komunikacji językowej Polaków, mogły się pojawiać okazjonalnie w tekstach publicystycznych, zyskując odcień żartobliwy czy ironiczny. Zapożyczenia te nie są zasymilowane (np. ispołkom, krasnoarmiejec, otlicznik, piatiletka). Grupę drugą tworzą wyrazy będące jedynymi nazwami określonych desygnatów, niezbędnych do opisania socjalistycznej rzeczywistości w Rosji radzieckiej. Są one całkowicie przyswojone przez język polski (np. agitka, kołchoz, komsomolec). W odróżnieniu od polszczyzny ogólnej, w porewolucyjnej polszczyźnie radzieckiej wszystkie te jednostki występowały bez żadnych ograniczeń (często świadczy o tym ich duża frekwencja tekstowa oraz rejestracja w innych źródłach radzieckich).

10

Dom nad rzeką Moskwą jako architektoniczny i literacki znak pamięci

61%

Kotkiewicz A.

Politeja : Pismo Wydziału Studiów Miedzynarodowych i Politycznych Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

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2015

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issue 4(35)

143-155

EN

The huge constructivist apartment house built in the 1930s in downtown Moscow, on the bank of the Moskva river, owes its present‑day name to Yury Trifonov’s novel The House on the Embankment (1976). Being an example of architecture typical of the Stalinist regime and a symbol of the regime’s triumph and dominance over man, the house functions as a very special character in Trifonov’s novel. It represents both individual and collective memory, shows the destructive influence of history and politics on the life of an individual and the whole nation. The House on the Embankment, related to the archetypal image of house, which is traditionally perceived as a space of love, safety and family ties, emerges in Trifonov’s novel as an anti‑house, a dehumanizing space in which the intergenerational relations are destroyed and which signifies man’s submission to and fear of authorities.

11

Radziecki przewodnik turystyczny po Moskwie: retrospektywa

61%

Kowalenko O.

Z Badań nad Książką i Księgozbiorami Historycznymi

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2017

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issue 11

377-394

EN

The article gives a brief description of Moscow guide books printed between 1922 and 1991. The retrospective of Soviet texts is preceded by tracing the origins of Moscow travel guides, which goes back to travel notes from the 16th and 17th centuries. The paper presents 34 Soviet itineraries by providing their composition and content summary. Also, it demonstrates and explains the referential and syncretic patterns of Soviet guidebooks, and the shift made at the turn of the NEP era and the 1930s. Tourism evolution, city planning and state censorship are discussed among the factors that influence travel itineraries. The diachronic approach allows to note continuity and transformation elements of Soviet travel guides to Moscow.

12

„Die Moskauer Sonne scheint überall“. Die sowjetische Hauptstandt als Raum der Utopie in Das neue Moskau (1938) und Die Schweinepflegerin und der Hirt (1941)

61%

Chertenko A.

Studia Rossica Posnaniensia

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2021

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vol. 46

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issue 2

51-68

EN

Basing on Aleksandr Medvedkin’s New Moscow and Ivan Pyryev’s The Swineherd and the Shepherd, this case study analyses the way the “new” Moscow was represented as a space of realised utopia in the Soviet socialist realist films of the 1930s and at the beginning of the 1940s. Functioning as a supranational centre of the Soviet “affirmative action empire” (Terry Martin), the cinematographic Moscow casts off all constraints of ‘Russianness’ in order to become a pan-Soviet model which, both in its architecture and semantics, could epitomize the perfect city and the perfect state. The comparative analysis of both films demonstrates that, although both directors show Moscow through the lens of the so-called “spaces of celebration” (Mikhail Ryklin), ‘their’ Soviet capital does not compensate for the “traumas of the early phases of enforced urbanization”, as Ryklin supposed. Rather, it operates as a transformation machine whose impact pertains only to periphery and can be effective once the representatives of this periphery have left Moscow. The complex inclusion and exclusion mechanisms resulting from this logic turn the idealised Soviet capital into a space which only the guests from peripheral regions can perceive as utopian. The ensuing suppression ofthe inner perspectives on ‘utopian’ Moscow is interpreted here as a manifestation of the “cinematicunconscious”, which accounts for the anxieties of the inhabitants of the capital concerning both Stalinist terror and their own hegemony in a society haunted by the purges.

13

Annual and Daily Changes of Thunderstorms in Temperate Climate in London, Warsaw and Moscow

61%

Grabowska K.

Miscellanea Geographica. Regional Studies on Development

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2011

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vol. 15

115-122

EN

The aim of the study is to show and compare variation of the annual and daily course of thunderstorms in selected European cities in 2005-2009. Data on thunderstorms originate from dispatches METAR for three airport stations: London Gatwick, Warsaw Okęcie and Moscow Sheremetyevo. These cities represent the various types of climate: warm temperate marine, transitional and continental. Thunderstorms mostly occurred in Warsaw - 207 (Moscow - 174, London - 71). The maximum of thunderstorms frequency, in the yearly course, in all towns occurred in July (Warsaw - 11,8; Moscow - 13,4; London - 5,0). Thunderstorms predominantly started at 13:30 in London, 17:00 in Warsaw, 18:00 in Moscow (13:30 means period 13:01-13:30, 17:00 means period 16:31-17:00 etc.). Thunderstorms most often ended at 13:30 in London, 17:00 in Warsaw, 20:30 in Moscow. There were dominated, at all stations, brief thunderstorms, which lasted for 30 minutes. The longest thunderstorm remained 9 hours (Warsaw), 5,5 (Moscow), 4,5 (London).

14

Polskie teatry w Moskwie (1915–1918)

61%

Osińska K.

Pamiętnik Teatralny

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2017

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vol. 66

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issue 1/2

67-121

EN

The article and the annex it is supplied with presents a little-known episode in the history of Polish theatre during the First World War. In July 1915, when the German army was drawing close to Warsaw, a part of the population was evacuated to Russia. The refugees included a number of people of the theatre, with such outstanding individuals as Stefan Jaracz, Juliusz Osterwa, Mieczysław Limanowski, Wojciech Brydziński, Wincenty Drabik, Arnold Szyfman, and others. The first Polish theatre was launched in Moscow in September 1915. The present reconstruction of this and other Polish theatre endeavours in Moscow is based on the body of known and published Polish sources as well as on previously unknown and unpublished in Poland Russian press reviews. The annex comprises reviews of Polish theatre premieres and reports about Polish-Russian cultural undertakings that appeared in the following Russian weeklies and dailies: Russkiye vedomosti, Rampa i zhizn, Teatr, Teatralnaya gazeta, and Kievskaya mysl. The last of these, a Russian-language daily published in Kiev, featured a large article about Polish drama, with a special emphasis on Stanisław Wyspiański, written by Yakov Tugenhold. All the texts have been found as a result of on-site library searches of Russian press archives; except for the article by Tugenhold, they have not been reprinted in Russia.

PL

Artykuł oraz załączony do niego aneks przypominają mało znany epizod w historii polskiego teatru z okresu pierwszej wojny światowej. W lipcu 1915 roku, kiedy wojska niemieckie zbliżały się do Warszawy, część ludności została ewakuowana w głąb Rosji. Wśród uchodźców z Królestwa Polskiego znalazło się wielu przedstawicieli świata teatru, w tym tak wybitne postaci, jak Stefan Jaracz, Juliusz Osterwa, Mieczysław Limanowski, Wojciech Brydziński, Wincenty Drabik, Arnold Szyfman i inni. W Moskwie we wrześniu 1915 roku odbyła się inauguracja pierwszego polskiego teatru. Rekonstrukcja tego i kolejnych polskich przedsięwzięć teatralnych w Moskwie przedstawiona została na podstawie znanych już i publikowanych polskich źródeł oraz nieznanych i dotąd niepublikowanych w Polsce recenzji polskich przedstawień z prasy rosyjskiej. Aneks zawiera recenzje premier w polskich teatrach oraz relacje z udziału Polaków w przedsięwzięciach kulturalnych polsko-rosyjskich pochodzące z następujących gazet i tygodników: „Russkije wiedomosti", „Rampa i żyzń", „Tieatr", „Tieatralnaja gazieta" oraz „Kijewskaja mysl". Z tej ostatniej, wydawanej w Kijowie w języku rosyjskim gazety, pochodzi obszerny artykuł Jakowa Tugendholda, poświęcony polskiemu dramatowi, w szczególności Stanisławowi Wyspiańskiemu. Teksty te zostały zebrane w wyniku kwerend rosyjskiej prasy; nie były one dotąd (poza tekstem Jakowa Tugendholda) przedrukowywane w Rosji.

15

Moskiewska „czernucha”. Wstydliwa strona miasta?

57%

Zywert A.

Kultury Wschodniosłowiańskie - Oblicza i Dialog

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2016

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issue 6

259-272

EN

The article is an attempt to answer the question of the way noir functions in the contemporary prose devoted to Moscow and the extent to which it affects the city’s literary image. The paper interprets selected works by Vladimir Sorokin, Roman Senchin and Sergei Kuznetsov. The analysis conducted by the author of the paper leads to the conclusion that the presence of the so-called “black naturalism” in the Moscow texts does not spoil the image of Russia’s capital, but complements it with new elements (previously hidden, but present since the old days). Therefore, Moscow becomes more real, tangible, flesh and blood as well as suitable for the worldwide tendency to create megapolises.

16

Centrum i peryferia. Obraz Moskwy w powieści Dmitrija Głuchowskiego Tekst

57%

Zywert A.

Kultury Wschodniosłowiańskie - Oblicza i Dialog

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2019

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issue 9

195-208

EN

Text is a novel of manners with elements of a thriller, a noir, and a detective novel (but the above-mentioned complementary elements fulfill only a supportive role, because the criminal intrigue exposed at the very beginning is treated marginally amounts to a starting point for deeper considerations of the psychological and sociological nature). Due to the peculiar presentation of the image of the Center (here: Moscow), Text fits into the vision of Moscow as the core of Russian predatory capitalism, exuberant consumerism, glitz, semblance and ruthless struggle for recognition in the ranking of successful people, which is presented in contemporary Russian literature. Its fundamental value is the fact that the realization of the author's idea is mainly due to the confrontation of megalopolis with images of the periphery, which can be regarded as satellite cities of the capital. In his perception of Russia, Glukhovsky is close to Roman Senchin and, similarly to the latter, he believes that the traditionally understood center-periphery, city-village conflict is disappearing, because eventually it turns out that (despite the spatial and social diversity) none of these places (mainly because of conspicuous regressive tendencies) does not give a person a chance for free development and self-realization.

17

Moskwa w bieli i czerni - trzy filmowe portrety miasta

53%

Czaja J.

Images. The International Journal of European Film, Performing Arts and Audiovisual Communication

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2013

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vol. 12

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issue 21

265-273

EN

This article presents the three different portraits of Moscow depicted in the Russian films Walking the Streets of Moscow by Georgy Danielija, Taxi Blues by Pavel Lungin and Moscow by Alexander Zeldovich. The times the films were made (the thaw period, the period after the collapse of the Soviet Union, and the decline during the 1990s) determine differences in the directors’ perceptions. The picture of the city becomes a reflection of both hope and of more contemporary fears and anxieties.

PL

Moscow in black and white - three film portraits of the city This article presents the three different portraits of Moscow depicted in the Russian films Walking the Streets of Moscow by Georgy Danielija, Taxi Blues by Pavel Lungin and Moscow by Alexander Zeldovich. The times the films were made (the thaw period, the period after the collapse of theSoviet Union, and the decline during the 1990s) determine differences in the directors’ perceptions. The picture of the city becomes a reflection of both hope and of more contemporary fears and anxieties.

18

“THE PROPERTY HAS BEEN FIERCELY DIVIDED” BETWEEN THE AUTHORITIES IN RUSSIA AND THE CAPITAL IS A “TASTY MORSEL” FOR THE PEOPLE WHO GOVERN IT - THE CURRENT ECONOMIC SITUATION IN MOSCOW

51%

Gburzyńska N.

Polish Political Science Yearbook

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2014

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vol. 43

348-362

EN

This article refers to the contemporary situation in the Russian economy and in the Russian capital economy. Economy in Russia is based on the extraction of raw materials. However, in 2010 economic forecasts for the country were optimistic. In this period economic development was strong and the country became a member of the BRICS group. One of the issues of the Russian Federation economy was the backing of the old system. Most investments were focused on the energy sector when in the public sector the changes were smaller. To increase revenues and funds big reforms are necessary and new investments. One possibility to improve the economic situation is to focus on greater extraction of raw materials. Another option is to resign from a monocultural economy. The situation in Moscow is better than the general economic situation in the Russian Federation. GDP increased regularly. In 2008 Russia took 15t place in the ranking of the hundred largest cities GDP. The Moscow economy is based especially on the trade of energy resources. Moreover, profit is gained from business activities and industry. The level of unemployment in Moscow is the lowest in comparison to all regions. In the capital city it fluctuates between 0,5% and 1%. A major problem in the capital city is the constant immigration from other part of the Federation and other foreign countries. In majority, people who come to Moscow are the job seekers. Also the significant problem is ubiquitous corruption.

19

Misja władcy Trzeciego Rzymu w Posłaniu do wielkiego księcia Wasyla III

51%

Sagało M.

Orientalia Christiana Cracoviensia

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2018

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vol. 10

EN

This article deals with the topic of the vision of the Third Rome and its ruler’s special role, which was described by Philotheus (cir. 1465–1542) in his letter titled Message to the Grand Duke Vasili III. In the article the author presents the historical background and alleged reasons contributing to the growth of power of the Grand Duchy of Moscow in the 15th and 16th century. Furthermore, the author shows how the monk of Pskov, in his letter to Vasili III Ivanovich, portrays him as the only successor of the Orthodox values and what qualities according to Philotheus, the most powerful ruler of the Christian World – the ruler of the Third Rome shall possess.

PL

W artykule została podjęta kwestia wizji Trzeciego Rzymu i szczególna rola jego władcy, którą opisał Filoteusz (ok. 1465–1542) w liście Posłanie do wielkiego księcia Wasyla III. Autorka prezentuje w pracy tło historyczne i domniemane powody, przyczyniające się do wzrostu potęgi Księstwa Moskiewskiego w XV i XVI wieku. Ponadto przedstawia, jak pskowski mnich w liście do Wasyla III kreuje go na jedynego sukcesora prawosławnych wartości i jakie cechy według Filoteusza powinien mieć najpotężniejszy władca chrześcijańskiego świata – władca Trzeciego Rzymu.

20

Uwagi o typach sowietyzmów w prasie polskiej wydawanej w Rosji Radzieckiej w okresie międzywojennym (na przykładzie „Trybuny Radzieckiej”)

51%

Graczykowska T.

Prace Językoznawcze

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2019

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issue XXI/1

35-49

PL

W artykule zostały zaprezentowane sowietyzmy wyekscerpowane z „Trybuny Radzieckiej” – centralnej gazety polskojęzycznej publikowanej w Moskwie w latach 1927-1938, wydawanej przez polskich komunistów przebywających w ZSRR w okresie międzywojennym. Sowietyzmy to jednostki odzwierciedlające nowe, radzieckie realia. W artykule przedstawiono cztery typy sowietyzmów: semantyczne (np. białogwardyjec, czerwony dyrektor), słowotwórcze (np. komsorg, partaktyw, politemigrant), stylistyczne (np. kapitalistyczna sfora) i onomastyczne (np. Leningrod, fabryka „Czerwony Sztandar”). Język „Trybuny Radzieckiej”, tak jak innych wydawnictw polskojęzycznych w ZSRR w dwudziestoleciu międzywojennym, reprezentuje polszczyznę silnie zsowietyzowaną. Świadczą o tym nie tylko licznie zgromadzone sowietyzmy, ale cała „stylistyka radziecka” (slogany, uschematyzowane formuły, stereotypy, sztampowe słownictwo propagandowe) przebijająca się z każdej strony „Trybuny Radzieckiej” .

EN

This article analyses Sovietisms in „Trybuna Radziecka”, i.e. the central Polish newspaper, published in Moscow by Polish communists in the years 1927-1938. Sovietisms are lexemes denoting new objects and phenomena of the Soviet reality, mainly borrowed from Russian. The article describes 4 types of Sovietisms: semantic (e.g. białogwardyjec, czerwony dyrektor), formative (e.g. komsorg, partaktyw, politemigrant), stylistic (e.g. kapitalistyczna sfora) and onomastic (e.g. Leningrod, fabryka „Czerwony Sztandar”). Sovietisms represent a new Soviet style in the language of the newspaper. Their frequent use confirms the process which affected the Polish language in Soviet Russia, namely the Sovietisation of the press language.

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