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W poszukiwaniu samowiedzy. Oblicza wartości w mitach jako kodach kultury na przykładzie Syzyfa, Odysa i Edypa

100%

Lech E.

Kultura i Wartości

2022

issue 34

235-255

In den präsentierten Überlegungen stelle ich Mythen als – bisher einseitig gelesene – Metaphern der Reise der menschlichen Rationalität auf der Suche nach Macht und Wissen (Ödipus), Gewinnmaximierung (Sisyphos), Autonomie (Odysseus) vor. Die vorgestellten Neuinterpretationen zeigen die "andere" Seite der Werte, denen wir bereits Bedeutung gegeben haben. Odysseus verdankt seine Weisheit den Frauen, denen er begegnet. Die Bestrafung des Sisyphos, der einen Felsbrocken den Berg hinauf zu rollen hatte, ist die Essenz des entfremdeten Lebens. Der Held Ödipus verlor gegen das Schicksal, aber am Ende seines Lebens verkörperte er Weisheit und Erfüllung. Und der moderne Mensch – der Mensch des Anthropozäns? Er verliert sich in der Herrschaft über die Erde und auf der Erde. Seine Entwicklung und sein Wachstum bringen keinen Aufschwung. Macht und Wissen garantieren keine Freiheit. Die Autonomie und Selbsterkenntnis der Moderne drohen mit Selbstzerstörung. Die Bedrohung durch die Klimakrise offenbart das Janusgesicht zeitgenössischer Werte.

The article presents myths as one-sided metaphors of the journey of human rationality in search of power and knowledge (Oedipus), profit maximization (Sisyphus), autonomy (Odysseus). The presented reinterpretations show the “other” side of the values to which we have already given meaning. Ulysses owes his wisdom to the women he meets. Sisyphus' punishment of rolling a boulder up a mountain is the essence of alienated life. The hero Oedipus lost to fate, but at the end of his life he personified wisdom and fulfillment. And the modern human-“Anthropoceneman”? He loses himself in dominion on and over the Earth. His development and growth do not lead to flourishment. Power and knowledge do not guarantee freedom. The autonomy and self-knowledge of modernity threaten the human with self-destruct. The threat of the climate crisis reveals the Janus face of contemporary values.

W prezentowanych rozważaniach przedstawiam mity jako dotąd jednostronnie odczytywane metafory podróży ludzkiej racjonalności w poszukiwaniu władzy i wiedzy (Edyp), maksymalizacji zysku (Syzyf), autonomii (Odys). Zaprezentowane reinterpretacje ukazują „inną” stronę wartości, którym już nadaliśmy znaczenie. Ulisses swoją mądrość zawdzięcza napotkanym kobietom. Kara Syzyfa – wtaczanie głazu na górę – to esencja wyalienowanego życia. Heros Edyp przegrał z fatum, ale u kresu życia uosabiał mądrość i spełnienie. A współczesny człowiek, „antropoceńczyk”? Zatraca się w panowaniu nad Ziemią i na Ziemi. Jego rozwój i wzrost nie jest rozkwitem. Władza i wiedza nie zapewniają wolności. Autonomia i samowiedza nowoczesności grożą samozagładą. Zagrożenie kryzysem klimatycznym odsłania Janusowe oblicze współczesnych wartości.

Zwischen Lausitzer Bergland und dem Spreewald. Das kleinste slawische Volk der Sorben/Wenden

59%

Trepte H.-C.

Orbis Linguarum

2018

issue 52

177-201

Spreewald Forest. (On) The Smallest Slavonic People – The Sorbs and Wends Upper and Lower Lusatia with mountains in the Southern border region with the Czech Republic (Bohemia) and the natural and cultural water landscapes of the Spreewald Forest are the native lands of the Slavonic Sorbs and Wends with a unique history, language, and culture. The ancestor of the Sorbs and Wends came here in the 6th century, and both peoples are closely related to their Western Slavonic brethren, the Czechs and Poles. In their complicated history they had to experience persecution, assimilation, and displacement, language prohibition, deportation, and even extermination included. In their home regions the Sorbs have the right to speak Sorabian/Wendish today, in public, at school, and at court as well. The increasing industrialization provokes more and more calls and activities for the preservation of the unique scenery, and language and culture of the Sorbian minority. The maintenance of the rich culture, customs and traditions of the Sorbs and Wends was and is still an important aspect for their future existence, and self-preservation. They are kept alive in many regions, across language and cultural barriers. General knowledge on this ethnic and cultural minority is in Germany often reduced to customs and mere folklore. Although many Sorbs and Wends are Christians today, most of their cultural heritage, customs and legends are of pagan-originated, a challenging, and interesting offer. The rich culture, lively customs and traditions make the bilingual region a unique, interesting, and attractive place for many visitors that can experience a lot in the triangle border region of Saxony, Bohemia, and Silesia. They may follow the ancient trade route Via Regia as well as the holy route Via Sacra connecting the Lusatia region with important historic and cultural destinations in Poland and the Czech Republic. Interested guest may experience traditions alive, for instance they might follow the traces of Krabat, also called the “Wendish Faust” and main character of the most popular Sorabian/Wendish legend coming from this area. Traditions are part of a well-preserved history and cultural heritage, and they are an integrating practice in modern life of this region, and in policy, too.

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W poszukiwaniu samowiedzy. Oblicza wartości w mitach jako kodach kultury na przykładzie Syzyfa, Odysa i Edypa

Zwischen Lausitzer Bergland und dem Spreewald. Das kleinste slawische Volk der Sorben/Wenden