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ENVIRONMENT AND ITS ONTOLOGICAL STATUS

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Italia S.

Organon F. medzinárodný časopis pre analytickú filozofiu

2016

vol. 23

issue 4

488 – 502

Is reality a ‘Ready-Made World’ or an entity constructed by individuals and social activity? The concept of the environment seems to be the boundary that clearly shows how we can simultaneously adhere to our apparently contradictory intuitions— that is, those about the external and autonomous features of reality independent of human intervention, and those about its undeniably constructed character. The environment, then, seems to be a concept that shows how non-epistemic and epistemic notions of reality (i.e. respectively seeing reality as independent from and dependent on us) can be understood cohesively.

EXPLANATION OF CULTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN TERM OF THE EVOLUTIONARY THEORY: POSSIBILITIES AND LIMITATIONS (Vysvetlenie kulturneho vyvoja z hladiska evolucnej teorie: moznosti a obmedzenia)

88%

Bahna V.

Slovenský národopis (Slovak Ethnology)

2010

vol. 58

issue 1

5-24

The theme of this study is the explanation of cultural development in the term of Darwinian evolutionary theory. The author concerns himself with meme theory (memetics) and the arguments of its critics, and seeks to evaluate some of them. He considers the current state of scientific discourse regarding the application of Darwin's theory of natural selection to cultural evolution. The concept of natural selection, however, is not an essential part either of evolutionary theory or of its application to culture. Hence, the author also gives attention to so-called neutral evolution. On the conclusion of his study he considers the emergence of new cultural variants and their preservation in memory systems depending on concrete socio-cultural conditions. In this respect for cultural evolution is distinguished fundamentally from the classical evolutionary models. The algorithm of natural selection (heredity, variability, selection) is only one of the mechanisms to which cultural evolution is a subject. Cultural development therefore cannot be modelled only by means of natural selection, but at the same time it would be a mistake to exclude it from this model.

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1 Organon F. medzinárodný časopis pre analytickú filozofiu

1 Slovenský národopis (Slovak Ethnology)

1 Bahna V.

1 Italia S.

1 2016

1 2010

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ENVIRONMENT AND ITS ONTOLOGICAL STATUS

EXPLANATION OF CULTURAL DEVELOPMENT IN TERM OF THE EVOLUTIONARY THEORY: POSSIBILITIES AND LIMITATIONS (Vysvetlenie kulturneho vyvoja z hladiska evolucnej teorie: moznosti a obmedzenia)