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Fantasy or a Transcendent Experience? Study of the Painting Ascent into Heaven by Jheronimus Bosch from the Palazzo Ducale in Venice

100%

Kubies G.

Roczniki Humanistyczne

2018

vol. 66

issue 4: Historia sztuki - Selected Papers in English

87-120

The Polish version of the article was published in “Roczniki Humanistyczne,” vol. 63 (2015), issue 4. The painting Ascent into Heaven (88.8 x 39.9 cm; dendrological dating: 1482–1490) kept in the Palazzo Ducale in Venice is one of the four eschatological panels (the other three are: Earthly Paradise, Fall of the Damned, Hell) which probably were in the collection of the Venetian Cardinal Domenico Grimani in the 1520s. The panels’ original arrangement and function are unknown. The paintings are not signed and their attribution to Jheronimus Bosch (c. 1450–1516 ) is based largely on the grounds of stylistic criteria. In the study, I put Ascent into Heaven into two fundamental contexts for the iconographic analysis of this work: eschatological literature and Netherlandish/ Flemish painting and in the context of near-death experiences (NDE) as well. The answer to the question posed in the title of the study must remain twofold. On the basis of the data gathered in the study, the content of the painting can be comprehended by references to the most frequently quoted sources of inspiration for Bosch: one painting by Dieric Bouts (left wing of the Last Judgement Altarpiece; Lille, Palais des Beaux Arts), two illuminations by Simon Marmion (Le livre des sept Ages du monde; Brussels, Bibliothèque royale de Belgique, Ms. 9047, fols. IV & 12r) and a literary work Dat rike der ghelieven by Jan van Ruusbroec. Its content can be equally understood by reference to the role of the painter’s imagination (categories of inventio and fantasia), using his theological and astronomical knowledge. The above line of interpretation that emphasizes the influence of biblical logosphere, takes into account undeniable religious experience of the painter from ‘s-Hertogenbosch resulting from being a member of the Church. The factor of an epistemological importance which influences the form of the answer to the title question is hypothetical non-verifiable Bosch’s personal transcendental experience, thus it becomes impossible to evaluate the translation of what is spiritual (experience) into visual (image). Due to the elusive, not fully scientific nature of NDE this phenomenon should be excluded from the final conclusion.

A knight in the service of art. Hanna Benesz in memoriam (1947–2019)

43%

Romanowska-Zadrożna M.

Muzealnictwo

2021

issue 62

13-22

Hanna Benesz była absolwentką Instytutów: Historii Sztuki oraz Lingwistyki Stosowanej Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego. Całe swoje życie zawodowe od 1975 r. związała z Muzeum Narodowym w Warszawie, w którym pracowała w Galerii Sztuki Europejskiej opiekując się kolekcją sztuki flamandzkiej i holenderskiej. Przeszła wszystkie szczeble kariery od asystenta do kustosza. Uważała, że podstawą działań muzealnika jest doskonała znajomość kolekcji. Dzięki badaniom prowadzonym nad obrazami zgromadzonymi w magazynach MNW w przypadku dużej liczby dzieł ustaliła ich atrybucję i proweniencję. Badała ikonografię stosując metody badawcze wypracowane przez ikonologię. Zwracała uwagę na stan techniczny obrazów, dzięki czemu dochodziło do tak spektakularnych „przywróceń”, jak odkrycie – w obrazie zapomnianym i uważanym za kopię – autentycznego dzieła Opłakiwanie Chrystusa Abrahama Janssensa (ok. 1575–1632). Była autorką i współautorką wielu wystaw. Współpracowała z muzealnikami z całego świata. Z wystawą o sztuce baroku dotarła nawet do Japonii. Obrazy z kolekcji MNW starała się prezentować nie tylko poprzez kontakt widzów z dziełami sztuki, ale także przez publikacje, i to głównie anglojęzyczne, oraz internet. Od momentu gdy została kustoszem, rozpoczęła wraz z Marią Kluk opracowywanie katalogu rozumowanego Early Netherlandish, Dutch, Flemish and Belgian Paintings 1494–1983 in the Collections of the National Museum in Warsaw and the Palace at Nieborów. Complete Illustrated Summary Catalogue, który ukazał się w 2016 roku. Rok później został uhonorowany główną nagrodą w konkursie „Sybilli” w dziedzinie „Publikacje”, a król Niderlandów przyznał Hannie Benesz rycerski order Oranje- -Nassau V klasy. Dekoracji nim dokonał ambasador Królestwa Niderlandów podczas 20. kongresu CODART w pałacu łazienkowskim w Warszawie. Hanna Benesz była nie tylko wspaniałym muzealnikiem i naukowcem, ale też wypróbowanym przyjacielem i człowiekiem niezwykle ciepłym, wrażliwym na krzywdy bliźnich.

Hanna Benesz graduated from the Institutes: of Art History and of Applied Linguistics at the University of Warsaw. Her whole career launched in 1975 remained inseparably connected with the National Museum in Warsaw, where she worked at the Gallery of European Art curating the Flemish and Dutch collections. She followed all the promotion steps: from assistant to curator. Benesz strongly believed that museum curator’s job was grounded in a perfect knowledge of the collection. Thanks to her research conducted into the paintings amassed in National Museum’s storerooms, she successfully attributed a substantial number of works and identified provenance of many. She studied iconography applying research methods worked out by iconology. Moreover, she focused on the paintings’ technical condition, this occasionally leading to spectacular ‘restorations’, e.g. the identification of a genuine work by Abraham Janssens (ca 1575–1632) the Lamentation of Christ in a forgotten work, previously considered to be a copy. Author and co-author of many exhibitions, she cooperated with museum curators around the world. Her exhibition on Baroque art reached as far as Japan. Benesz’s intention was not only to present the paintings from the National Museum’s collections through a direct contact of visitors with the works, but also in publications, mainly in English and online. As soon as she became curator, together with Maria Kluk she focused on working out the reasoned catalogue Early Netherlandish, Dutch, Flemish and Belgian Paintings 1494–1983 in the Collections of the National Museum in Warsaw and the Palace at Nieborów. Complete Illustrated Summary Catalogue, published in 2016. A year later, the Catalogue was honoured with the main prize in the Sybilla Competition in the category for publications, while the King of the Netherlands awarded Hanna Benesz with the chivalric Order of Orange-Nassau (Oranje-Nassau) of the 5th grade; she was decorated with it by the Ambassador of the Kingdom of the Netherlands during the 20th CODART Congress held at the Warsaw Łazienki Palace. Not only was Hanna Benesz an outstanding museum curator and scholar, but also a trusted friend and a warm empathetic person, sensitive to other people’s misfortunes.

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Fantasy or a Transcendent Experience? Study of the Painting Ascent into Heaven by Jheronimus Bosch from the Palazzo Ducale in Venice

A knight in the service of art. Hanna Benesz in memoriam (1947–2019)