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Caught in-between: Spying and therapy in Intercultural Cities in the context of the ‘New Wars’

100%
Rosen R.
Studia Ethnologica Pragensia
|
2022
|
issue 1
78-87
EN
Established in 2008, the Council of Europe’s Intercultural Cities Network “supports cities in reviewing their policies — and developing comprehensive intercultural strategies to help them manage diversity positively and realize the diversity advantage” (ICC, 2018). According to their website, the ICC approach “helps build trust between members of the community through policies which encourage mixing, interaction and participation” (ibid). More than a hundred cities are now members of the ICC network, but their discourse — based on dialogue and trust — is challenged by another apparently contradictory discourse. According to Asa and Yaari (2014), two Israeli military experts, the era of wars between nationstates has passed, but has not brought about a kind of ‘world peace’ as expected. What has emerged are the ‘new wars’ — which are conducted within a civilian environment, between the authorities and enemies who are citizens of the state or its residents. Unlike the ‘enemy of the past’, who could be identified by means of his uniform, language, appearance or simply being a foreigner, the new enemies are hard to recognize, as, in the age of globalization, the cosmopolitan city is full of aliens — most of whom, of-course, are not enemies at all. (Asa and Yaari, 2014). According to Arjun Appadurai (2006) the globalization process makes it very difficult to define who ‘we’ are and who ‘they’ are, thus creating feelings of constant uncertainty. This is the discourse of mistrust and suspicion, which challenges the ICC’s discourse of trust and dialogue. The current paper is part of a PhD research done in the years 2015–2018 for the Haifa University Anthropology Department, supervised by Prof. Amalia Sa’ar. It was based on about 20 interviews with integration officers in European cities which are members of the ICC network, as well as observations in different conferences and trainings held by the organization. The paper examines the complex and fascinating ways these two discourses challenge each other, contradict, react or get entangled with one another in trying to deal with the reality of these years of terror.
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Obrazy ‚Nowych Wojen’ i terroru z perspektywy reportera wojennego w literaturze niemieckiej

84%
Sroślak K.
Academic Journal of Modern Philology
|
2021
|
issue 12
167-178
EN
The aim of the article is to find the answer to the following question: how does literary fiction in German literature present the character of a war reporter who reports on new wars? The article presents an analysis of perception and medium/transfer of war and terror by war reporters. In this article, the scheme of war incidents (events) is presented– transmission, in which there is no place for feelings, emotions, kindliness, humanity, but only the wish to survive, will to fight, victory and financial benefits really matter. One of the main assumptions of this article is an attempt to make the recipient realize that what individuals should do is analyse the information obtained from mass media in their own specific way. The topic of the article is very comprehensive and often raised, because it concerns the present and the future, and war has accompanied, accompanies and will accompany man at every stage of their life. The purpose of the article will also be to present the image of New Wars and terror from the perspective of the reporter and the influence of mass media on the work of the war correspondent, who seeks to blur the fragile border between truth and lies, reality and fiction in relation to German literature. It also important to present the profile of a war reporter in literature, also the specificity of the work of a war correspondent, as well as the impact of technological development on practicing the profession and linking collected facts with the events that have been recorded in the pages of history.
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