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EN
Throughout history, vagrancy appears as one of the notions of the Human Condition. Its artistic and poetical representations are drawn from multiple sources and offer various models. The fantasy of vagrancy in French poetry in the second half of the Nineteenth Century is fashioned as much through the vagrant’s relationship with space as with Society. Its models spring from marginality and contestation. Spatial structure presents an opposition between « closed » and « open », « interior » and « exterior », and so forth... These separations fluctuate and interact mutually. The poet conjures, from any questing, marginal figure, his own image. The general tendency, from Hugo to Rimbaud, shows both a crushing of the poetical figure, transforming it into a magus or a prophet, and the proliferation of the accursed poet’s « negating anger ».
2
99%
Studia theologica
|
2022
|
vol. 3
149-170
EN
The authors analytically and critically study papal statements on Free Masons during the period 1738‒1878. The period 1878‒1983 will be a subject of the following article. The Catholic Magisterium of that historical period did not fully distinguish between Free Masons, Illuminates, Carbonari and other organisations which often have different aims and methods of work. The problem is also a degree of connectedness between Free Masons and the French Revolution. There is no accusation of satanism in any of the papal documents. There is another problem when, based on its experience with Italian and maybe French Lodges, the Papacy pronounced global sentences and judgement over Free Masons of the whole world. For at least last fifty years, many of them have strongly distanced themselves from the Italian Masons of the mentioned period. The principal condemnation of indifferentism, syncretism, deism, and relativism are still valid. With regard to the differences of various Masonic groups, there is a question if these characteristics can be really fully applied on some of them. It is very irresponsible to transmit Papal statements on Free Masons, originating as reactions on the past situations and needs of the Catholic Church, into the present without critical study and understanding of contemporary connections. Furthermore, it is contrary to the spirit of the Second Vatican Council and following Papal documents.
EN
A personal review of the book version of Ewangelina Skalińska’s doctoral thesis devoted to Norwid and Dostoevsky. It discusses the threefold composition of the dissertation and underlines the dashing comparative analysis of Norwid’s Assunta and Dostoevsky’s A Gentle Creature. The open character of the research project is stressed. The reviewer discusses in detail another parallel, between two London texts: Norwid’s The Larva and Dostoevsky’s Winter Notes on Summer Impressions. In conclusion there is a passage on the inspiring role of Skalińska’s book, which fills an important gap and draws a horizon for the future comparative research.
Afryka
|
2019
|
issue 50
119-140
EN
The article concerns the system of measures and weights used in the Sultanate of Zanzibar, mainly in the international port of Zanzibar in the years 1830-1888. The system was used in the trade between local, Arab, Indian and Western merchants. It drew from various traditions. In a relatively short time, after a period of standard negotiation between merchants and state officials, this eclectic system was, to some extent, embedded in the English tradition based on an ounce, pound and yard. While the measures of volume have retained their local character and have not been converted into European units, they have also been globalised through their weight equivalents. The author considers the Zanzibar system of measures and weights in a political and economic context. At the same time, he believes that the key to understanding the process of creating the Zanzibar system of measures and weights is to understand how it was conceptualised by the Western, and also indirectly local recipients.
EN
The religious aspect of a conflict like the Prusso‑Austrian War of 1866 may at first sight seem marginal and not very interesting. With pronounced exceptions, the subject has never been the subject of research by many authors who have otherwise literally broken the conflict down into micro‑parts and described in minute detail most conceivable phenomena of a military‑historical nature. Although the conflict could certainly not be classified as a religious or confessional war, the transparent dichotomy between the Catholicism of the Austrian Em pire and the Protestantism of the Prussian Kingdom has inspired – especially in the German‑speaking world – many analyses. These are, however, exclusively structuralist texts, and the analysis mentioned in them tends to be rather quantitative. In our contribution, we would like to focus on an otherwise completely overlooked phenomenon, namely: the personal experience of (dis)belief, the reflection of confessional differences and the (dis)observance of ritual against the backdrop of a dynamic period of wartime conflict. As a source base we will use contemporary memories, memoirs, or chronicle records of ordinary people, soldiers, but also church leaders.
Afryka
|
2018
|
issue 48
81-124
EN
The article describes the role of Indian merchants in the international trade of Zanzibar during the period 1840-1888, i.e. from the strengthening of the rule of Sa’īd ibn Sultān Āl Bu Saʻīdī on the East African coast to the loss of this area by his son Bargaš ibn Sa’īd as a result of colonial conquest. The article deals with both objective and subjective factors determining the place of Indians in the trade of Zanzibar, including transport and communication, currency, factors related to participation in exchange mechanisms, negotiations, cooperation, competition and capital flow. Moreover, the author analyses the transformation within the Indian community of the Sultanate of Zanzibar, referring to the concept of commercial diaspora. He focuses on the ways in which the diaspora acted as an intermediary in the international exchange at various levels, adapting to changing political, technical and financial conditions. He scrutinises the changes in relations with Europeans, including the erosion of trust which was related to the increase of competition and risk. The author draws a model of the evolution of the Indian community from the stage in which access to brokering was controlled by the diasporaʼs narrow elite and the ruler to a situation in which the hierarchy of diaspora became fragmented and the access to credit opened up new opportunities to a broader wave of immigrants at various levels of exchange. This concerned both the direct trade with Western markets and the trade on the East African coast. The author used the archival sources from Zanzibar, Great Britain, Germany, the USA and France, including those created by the merchant companies from Staatsarchiv in Hamburg and the Peabody Essex Museum in Peabody (MA, USA)
EN
A personal review of the book version of Ewangelina Skalińska’s doctoral thesis devoted to Norwid and Dostoevsky. It discusses the threefold composition of the dissertation and underlines the dashing comparative analysis of Norwid’s Assunta and Dostoevsky’s A Gentle Creature. The open character of the research project is stressed. The reviewer discusses in detail another parallel, between two London texts: Norwid’s The Larva and Dostoevsky’s Winter Notes on Summer Impressions. In conclusion there is a passage on the inspiring role of Skalińska’s book, which fills an important gap and draws a horizon for the future comparative research.
PL
Omówienie, niepozbawione akcentów osobistych, książkowej wersji rozprawy doktorskiej Ewangeliny Skalińskiej, poświęconej Norwidowi i Dostojewskiemu. Autor omawia trójdzielną kompozycję rozprawy, zwracając uwagę na brawurowość analizy porównawczej Assunty Norwida i Łagodnej Dostojewskiego. Wskazuje też na otwartość zaprezentowanego projektu badawczego. Na zasadzie pars pro toto omówiona została paralela dwóch tekstów „londyńskich” – Larwy Norwida i Zimowych notatek z lata Dostojewskiego. W zakończeniu mowa jest o inspirującej roli książki – wypełnia ona istotną lukę oraz wyznacza horyzont dalszych prac komparatystycznych.
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