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1
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Organizacje pozarządowe jako podmioty rynku pracy

100%
Kantyka S.
Studia Ekonomiczne
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2014
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vol. 196
170-184
EN
Nowadays as a result of socioeconomic changes and development of the third sector the increasing role begin to play NGOs. Each year they engage more citizen not only for voluntarily but also for employ. NGOs are subject to economization and professionalization. Increasing their importance as entities in the labor market. NGOs have a significant impact on the new social economy institution. They are effective subject in creasing activity of persons from disadvantaged background. Growing participation NGOs in activation measures on the labor market should include all job seekers. Private actors in the labor market should be treated on par with the public actors and receive the same support from the state and local governments.
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Mária Murray Svidroňová: Mimovladne neziskove organizácie - nositelia innovacií verejných služeb

100%
Sońta W.
Central European Review of Economics & Finance
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2016
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issue Vol. 15, No 5
59-62
EN
The reviewed monograph is well characterised in motto placed by the author in the introduction: 'It is impossible to define whether it will be better when it will be otherwise. But if it has to be better, it has to be changed' (Georg Christoph Lichtenberg). Non-governmental and not profitable organisations - carriers of innovations of public services is a tittle of the monograph taking the current topic in Slovakia. So far lack of literature which could show in a holistic way the studied issues prompted the author to interest the topic. The task was not so difficult for her because she has a dozen items of literature with similar problems in her scientific achievements.(fragment of text)
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Identyfikacja organizacji pozarządowych w sferze transportu na terenie Zjednoczonego Królestwa

100%
Lubieniecka-Kocoń K.
Studia Ekonomiczne
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2014
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vol. 165
77-85
EN
The article shortly presents the nongovernmental organizations focusing on transport area and acting in the United Kingdom. There were identified 182 organizations of such kind in that country; there were specified such notions, as their structure, acting range, main targets, as well as the forms of coordination with authorities and with each other. The second part of the article consists of several examples of the NGOs that deal with the most typically found range of activities as well as of those which deal with the least common ones.
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Projekcja systemu diagnostycznego organizacji pozarządowej działającej w strukturach publicznego transportu zbiorowego

100%
Hartenberger-Liszek J.
Studia Ekonomiczne
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2014
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vol. 165
29-36
EN
Research developments in the contemporary market economy shows that the chances of market dominance to entities specializing in the provision of specific services to meet the needs and preferences of customers. Actors such transportation are the organizers who are able to assume responsibility for the functioning of certain segments of the public transport market. Under certain conditions, system, now dominant, transport organizers occupy a monopoly position around which creates a team of support units, and in this respect the stakeholders. One group of stakeholders close, surgically shaped public transport market can be and are non-governmental organizations. The effectiveness of a particular NGO, as a stakeholder, personal preference - realized in the structure of public transport - it depends of course on the possible effects on the organizer. This ability is in turn a function of the economic health of the organization, which is, however, a multifactorial category. To objective this process must be concluded that it is possible to create and use the system's potential for diagnosing The practice of NGOs indicates that the most important metrics associated with the assessment of their performance indicators related to the financial balance of revenue and expenditure. Also streamline diagnosis to assess their solvency and liquidity. Together they determine not only the ability to take short-term action, but also provide opportunities to continue in the future. Diagnostic measures to evaluate the effectiveness of non-governmental organizations should also include those that are related to the probability of obtaining external funding support, in specific cases related to their debt. Are also important non-financial measures, the organization's environment, and in this respect: the number of people using transport services organized by the governmental unit, the number of effective interventions made by the organization in matters of special needs transport service or a trend in the development of the invoiced value of social services. These measures define only the basic attributes of a diagnostic system design universally grasped NGO. Detailed studies of the specific activities of various non-governmental organizations will allow for a comparative analysis of their activity and thus, to improve the precision of the projection system diagnostic assessment of each such entity. active non-governmental organizations, to evaluate the ability to shaping the market and public transport by these units. Any diagnosis of the organization is based on theoretical assumptions that allow us to study how effectively the organization operates, which are the dominant sub-goals, which may be the source of failure or success conditions. Consequently, it can be assumed that NGOs diagnostic system will consist of a number of diversified measures highlighted features of assessment, however, often goes beyond the commonly used measure of management efficiency.
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Organizacje pozarządowe i ich znaczenie w kształtowaniu sprawnie działającej administracji publicznej

100%
Czyż-Gwiazda E.
Studia Ekonomiczne
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2013
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vol. 141
109-119
EN
In recent years, noticeable is the growing interest in the subject of third sector organizations. Freedom of action and involvement of citizens in social life is the foundation of democracy. The activity of citizens of democratic states can be seen in the actions of third sector organizations for the public good. A manifestation of this participation in the creation of a public good is the multiplicity and diversity of existing NGOs in the country. The paper aims to identify the relations between actors from different sectors, in particular, between NGOs and public administration, and also to present findings in the field of NGOs cooperation with the first sector (public administration) and the second sector (business).
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Kultura organizacyjna NGO wobec wymagań funduszy strukturalnych

100%
Cierniak-Szóstak E.
Ekonomia Społeczna
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2011
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issue 1
41-52
PL
Udział w projektach finansowanych ze środków unijnych bywa postrzegany jako czynnik wymuszający zmiany w kulturze organizacyjnej NGO. Zakłada się, że zmiany obejmują dwa obszary: zarządzanie (z uwagi na przechodzenie organizacji pozarządowych na model projektowego zarządzania swoją działalnością) oraz relacje z otoczeniem społecznym (z uwagi na wymóg partnerstwa lokalnego). Z perspektywy kilku lat doświadczeń można stwierdzić, że skala zmian jest dosyć ograniczona. Po pierwsze, ekspozycji na ten czynnik zmiany jest poddana jedynie część sektora pozarządowego, zdolna spełnić wszystkie kryteria dostępu do tych źródeł finansowania. Po drugie, zderzenie specyficznej kultury organizacyjnej NGO ze sformalizowanymi wymogami zarządzania projektowego wywołuje dwojaki skutek: wymuszony proces profesjonalizacji zarządzania (rozumianej jako adaptacja wzorów zarządzania z sektora rynkowego) przy równoczesnym wykorzystaniu (z sektora publicznego) zabiegów"neutralizujących" te wymagania, które odbierane są jako najbardziej sprzeczne z kulturą organizacyjną NGO. (abstrakt oryginalny)
EN
The main aim of the article is to present the social cooperative as a skill-sharing platform that off ers its members an opportunity to improve their competencies and thereby strengthen their position in the labour market. The fi rst part of the article focuses on the evolution of the social cooperative movement, especially in EU member states such as Finland, the United Kingdom and Germany, where the idea of social cooperatives, although absent from their legal systems, constitutes part of NGO policy. In other countries, such as Greece and Italy, the idea is supported not only by the activities of the NGOs but also by the legal systems. The Italian tradition coupled with the legal backing constituted the reference point for the Polish lawmakers when they started to create the social cooperative movement in Poland. Part two of the article contains information on forms support that social cooperatives can obtain from local authorities. Such a solution is advantageous for both parties. Social cooperatives can develop dynamically, while local authorities can reduce long-term unemployment, which is their biggest concern, especially of socially excluded individuals. Part three of the paper describes instances of cooperation of social cooperatives with local entrepreneurs, which, in turn, facilitates the exchange of experiences in the management of both types of entities, off ering them opportunities to embark on joint projects in the future. The conclusion details recommendations for future cooperation between social cooperatives, local authorities and local entrepreneurs for the benefi t of local communities. (original abstract)
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Badania porównawcze zachowań organizacji pozarządowych i przedsiębiorstw użyteczności publicznej działających na względnie zrównoważonym rynku transportowym

84%
Majecka B.
Studia Ekonomiczne
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2014
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vol. 165
94-102
EN
Transport market joins suppliers of carriage and consumers of these services. However, it does not always function according to the terms of classic market competition, as there are subject on the market which function on special principles and have extraordinary needs and as such require a specific treatment. Both non-government organisations (NGO) and public services which perform transport orders belong in that group. Social expectations forces these organisations to behave in a certain way, which can be a subject to either theoretical or practical research. The transport market itself and its characteristics should be studied as well, for the conditions in which the transportation orders are carried out determines their success rate and quality. A moderately balanced transport market is such a market in which all the specific objectives can be fulfilled. The point of the research on behaviour of NGOs and public services on the moderately balanced transport market is to indicate the areas of convergence and diversification of the actions of the subjects. Comparative research of behaviour shows vast similarities, nonetheless the different basis of functioning immensely differentiates their market attitude. The comparative analysis as an essential method of research also allows specification of roles, which both groups of subjects have on the moderately balanced transport market. Public services behave in a way, which is typical of dominant downmarket collective public transport operators. However, NGOs market behaviour generates value added in the form of creation a special transport offer for groups which demand public assistance. Hence, the wide spectrum of behaviour, which allows to verify hitherto existing models of economic stratification of enterprises.
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Aktywność organizacji pozarządowych wobec wymogów sprawności działania sektora biznesowego transportu

84%
Krupska J.
Studia Ekonomiczne
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2014
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vol. 165
47-56
EN
The activities of the business sector freight transportation is the process of production as a result of which a product called the transport service is formed. Considering the degree of entities involvement in performing of the transport service, transport services can be exist on the market as: - transport operators who offers transport services based on fixed contracts, - carriers, performing irregular under the contract transport service - forwarding agents, who organize the process of cargo's movement. These entities operate in a market economy, they need to determine the purpose of their activity. It is recognized that the main aim of the company, which is operating in the business sector, is striving to increase its value. These companies are guided by economic premises and are defined as for-profit entities. They are the opposite of non-governmental organizations which are non-profit-oriented, and are carried out in order to provide important social needs. The main forms of non-governmental organizations, recognized by the legislature, are foundations and associations. Their efficiency is characterized by relative cheapness and commitment - through volunteering - of some people who participate in it. This raises the issue, what are the roles of the third sector organizations to advanced forms of business operation on the transport market. NGOs in particular are not able to compete with the efficiency of pro-profit sector's management. Their activity can take the form of complementary activities. In the freight transportation market NGOs can take specialized functions as forwarding agents offering special freight's transport or socially incidental movement. This is due to the fact that freight transport market is also characterized highly customized and unique cyclically needs. Their performance requires original channels' creation. However, since the value of these services is relatively low, transport operators and forwarding agents, are not existed in a sustainable way on this market. NGOs can operate as organizers. Absolute condition, for the possibility of the tasks' realization in the fright transportation market is a NGOs activities' constant budget financing. Therefore, there is an absolute need to anticipate the roles of such units in various sizes transport development policy.
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Pobudzanie jako zidentyfikowana funkcja aktywności organizacji pozarządowych w programach "pracownik 45+" na rzecz przedsiębiorstw transportowych

84%
Fryca J.
Studia Ekonomiczne
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2014
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vol. 165
17-28
EN
Maintaining the economic activity of people over 45 years has become in recent years the primary challenge for non-governmental organizations. For this is a not only economic, but also social issue, the key goal is to identify one of the functions that realize these organizations for transport companies by engaging in a number of programs dedicated to 45 + employees. The function of this is to stimulate. The study confirms that non-governmental organizations, sharing in stimulating transport companies pursuing both regulatory function affecting the behaviour of these entities shape to employees 45+, as well as motivational function affecting the behaviour of employees in this age group.
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Badania operacyjne ograniczeń aktywności organizacji pozarządowych w kształtowaniu metropolitalnego rynku transportowego Trójmiasto

84%
Suchanek M.
Studia Ekonomiczne
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2014
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vol. 165
120-128
EN
Polycentric metropolitan area Trojmiasto in the north of Poland, by the Gdansk Bay is one of the most important urban centres for the Polish economy. The level of development of the collective public transport system is one of crucial factors for the functioning of such a vast urban area. Public services, in the form of local government departments or budget units are responsible for the organisation of transport services within the metropolis. They are coordinated by the metropolitan public transport union, MZKZG. Either municipal or private carriers are responsible for the realisation of transport services. The metropolitan transport market is dominated by public services or private businesses, while the "third sector" subjects have a relatively small participation in the market shaping process, mostly due to their lack of competiveness, connected with the non-profit activity formula. The objective function of those subjects is based on the desire to fulfil the needs of a limited social group, which are not satisfied through the default market mechanism. Hence, the NGOs organise special transport services, which do not fit within the objectives of traditional public services. Therefore, the objective function of the NGOs and the objective function of the subjects which create transport policy are convergent, however the scale of work of NGOs is far smaller, because of the fact that various constraints exists, not all of which are, however, active. The methodology of operational research allows to analyse the problem of the NGO activity in the process of shaping the Trojmiasto metropolitan transport market which is formulated in this way. Operational research on the constraints of NGO activity lead to a conclusion that the furthest constraint is the lack of periodic financing sources. The third sector organisations also point out heavy competition between them and barriers against access to the transport services feasibility studies. Therefore, the adaptation of the role of a transport policy stakeholder seems a necessary predictive value for the non-government organisations.
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Organizacja pozarządowa jako przedsiębiorstwo społeczne na przykładzie Stowarzyszenia "Niepełnosprawni dla Środowiska EKON"

84%
Modzelewska E.
Ekonomia Społeczna
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2012
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issue 1
19-32
PL
Ekonomia społeczna, przedsiębiorstwo społeczne to zagadnienia nowe, ale zarazem budzące liczne kontrowersje. W artykule dokonano konceptualizacji procesu ekonomizacji trzeciego sektora. Przeanalizowano transformację polskiej organizacji pozarządowej w kierunku przedsiębiorstwa społecznego na przykładzie Stowarzyszenia "Niepełnosprawni dla Środowiska EKON". Przykład działalności rynkowej Stowarzyszenia EKON posłużył do oceny trafności kryteriów EMES definiujących przedsiębiorstwo społeczne. (abstrakt oryginalny)
EN
The social economy, social entrepreneurship and the functioning of social enterprises are all new issues, nevertheless at the same time they awake frequent controversies.The article made a conceptualization of the process of economization of the third sector. The author analysed the transformation of the non-governmental organizations in Poland towards social enterprises. On the example of the Association EKON were presented the causes and the consequences of this process. The example of market activity of EKON served the to assess the accuracy of the criteria defining social enterprises. (original abstract)
12
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Samoregulacyjne funkcje organizacji pozarządowych jako interesariuszy rynku publicznego transportu zbiorowego

84%
Letkiewicz A.
Studia Ekonomiczne
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2014
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vol. 165
58-68
EN
The conditions of the regulations concerning the functioning of the non-governmental organizations, as well as the regulators deriving from the mass transport act, determine the place and the role of the non-governmental organizations by defining their regulations liberty area and in this way determining the self-regulatory conditions. The self-regulation of the non-governmental organizations results from the essence of their activity, which is to fulfill the role of the socially useful institution, whereas the self-regulatory conditions result from the form and the character of the activity, as well as the possibility to affect among other things the organs which plan and run the mass transport. In this connection, it can be affirmed that the essence of the self-regulatory functions of the non-governmental organizations is to search such a state of the organization in which the realized actions result from the financial viability and human organizations, at the same time fitting into the areas essential from the social point of view. Referring to the financial, human and social areas, it must be stated that the essence of the self-regulation, as for the general principle that establishes the rules for the aim achievement in the conditions set by the regulation, is the separate treatment of every area. It comes down to the formation of the mechanism for achieving the main aim by achieving the partial aims in this area. Therefore, the self-regulation processes can be analyzed on the financial, social and community level. The last area is acquiring special meaning within the confines of the mass communication.
13
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Dostępność transportu publicznego na przykładzie Warszawy. Aktywność organizacji pozarządowych w tworzeniu polityki transportowej w zakresie ogólnodostępnej komunikacji zbiorowej

84%
Zając A. P.
Studia Ekonomiczne
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2014
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vol. 165
136-144
EN
Providing equal accessibility for all groups of users, including invalids, is one of major challenges for contemporary public transportation systems. The aim of this article is to present, using case of Warsaw, opportunities for cooperation between local government and nongovernmental organizations to create transport policy considering specific needs of all groups of passangers.
14
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Perspektywy rozwoju marketingu politycznego

84%
Pacut M.
Studia Ekonomiczne
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2014
|
vol. 194
31-53
EN
The paper aims to present the internal and external determinants of marketing concept implementation into non-governmental organizations in the context of development prospects for NGOs' marketing activities. It provides an insight into both stimulants and destimulants of this process, generating the adaptive changes in the organizations' practice of management. The course of these changes, including the adoption of marketing concept into polish non-gonernmental organizations is expected to be similar to the one observed some time ago in countries of more developed democracy and more stable market economy
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Rola fundacji korporacyjnych w realizacji społecznej odpowiedzialności biznesu

84%
Kietlińska K.
Studia Ekonomiczne
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2014
|
vol. 198 cz 2
97-108
EN
The activity of the company is concentrate not only on the profits but also on certain social objectives thanks to which these profits wil be higher. Establishment of corporate foundations is one of the forms of implementing such goals. The aim of the study is to present and assess the activity of Corporate Foundations in Poland. The main subject of discussion focuses on the relationship between the company, foundation and the beneficiaries as well as on the sources of income and the directions of its spending. The analysis is based on the research condacted by the Donors Forum in 2012.
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Wykorzystanie wybranych modeli analizy finansowej dla oceny możliwości aktywizowania się organizacji pozarządowych w sektorze transportu

84%
Krajewsk M.
Studia Ekonomiczne
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2014
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vol. 165
38-46
EN
Abstract model and the Du Pont Model MK indicate the reasons affecting the rate of return on capital, and hence the profitability, which is in the area of interest to non-governmental organizations, in terms of productivity costs. Return on equity (ROF) in conjunction with the liquidity they hold is the basis for decision. This in turn issue is inextricably connected with the elaboration of optimal decisions that have a significant impact on the satisfaction of social needs, and that as a consequence an increase in the production of transport services.
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Evaluating Public Benefit Organizations in Poland with the EVAMIX Method for Mixed Data

84%
Chojnacka E., Górecka D.
Multiple Criteria Decision Making
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2016
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vol. 11
36-50
EN
The third sector and public benefit organizations (PBOs) play a significant role in the Polish economy. Although the third sector can boast of a long history in Poland, an intensive development of these entities has been observed since 1989. According to the current law, organizations with the public benefit status enjoy numerous benefits. This entails the need to adequately assess their activities, especially when taking into consideration the fact that they are not profit-oriented. The aim of this paper is to propose a new assessment method for evaluating PBOs. The recommended approach is based on multi-criteria decision aiding (MCDA). The procedure proposed employs the EVAMIX technique for mixed evaluations – a hybrid of the EVAMIX method and the EVAMIX method with stochastic dominance (SD) rules. An illustrative example uses eleven PBOs from Lodz Voivodeship operating in the field of ‘Ecology, animals and heritage protection’.
18
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Koncepcja izomorfizmu instytucjonalnego i jego przejawy w sektorze non profit w wybranych krajach

67%
Wróbel P.
Ekonomia Społeczna
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2011
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issue 2
21-34
PL
W rozmaitych tekstach dotyczących ekonomii społecznej raz po raz pojawia się słowo izomorfizm, dotąd nie rozwijane szerzej w literaturze przedmiotu. Artykuł przedstawia zasadnicze cechy konceptu izomorfizmu instytucjonalnego - pojęcia wypracowanego w dziedzinie socjologii organizacji. Trzy główne typy procesów izomorfizmu, tj. koercyjne, mimetyczne i normatywne, wyodrębnili w swoim klasycznym eseju z 1983 r. P. DiMaggio i W. Powell. Autorzy ci podjęli także próbę antycypacji wystąpienia zmiany izomorficznej poprzez wyszczególnienie wyznaczników takiej zmiany na poziomie organizacji i na poziomie pola organizacyjnego (ustalonego obszaru życia instytucji, jej bliższego i dalszego środowiska). Spośród różnych prób operacjonalizacji izomorfizmu do bardziej zaawansowanych należą prace E. Lewis. W sektorze non profit z różnych względów należy się spodziewać występowania tendencji izomorficznych. O niektórych z nich mówił już C. Borzaga. Artykuł obrazuje znane w literaturze zagranicznej przykłady procesów izomorficznych w sektorze pozarządowym i ekonomii społecznej. W Szwecji sieć stowarzyszeń oferujących edukację dla dorosłych zmaga się z uniformizacją wyrastającą z zależności finansowych od państwa oraz z koniecznością orientacji prorynkowej. W Wielkiej Brytanii wszystkie trzy presje izomorficzne zagrażają entuzjastycznej orientacji prousługowej w sektorze publicznym. Procesy izomorficzne dotykają także przedsiębiorstwa społeczne w Danii. Stan izomorfizmu w polskim sektorze non profit nie został jeszcze szerzej zbadany. (abstrakt oryginalny)
EN
Time and again, authors of various texts on social economy use the term 'isomorphism'without elaborating it any further. The article discusses the fundamental features ofthe concept of institutional isomorphism developed in the field of the sociology of organisations. P. DiMaggio and W. Powell in their seminal essay of 1983 identified three main kinds of isomorphism: coercive, mimetic and normative. Those authors also tried to anticipate the emergence of isomorphic change by specifying the determinants of such change at the level of organisations and organisational fields (a specific area in which an institution operates, its more and less distant environments). Amongst various attempts to operation- alise this idea, E. Lewis'work, as the most advanced, comes to the fore. In the non-profit sector, isomorphic trends can be expected for a variety of reasons. Some of them were already mentioned by C. Borzaga.This article recalls examples of isomorphic processes in the non-government sector and in social economy, well-known in international literature. In Sweden, the network of associations offering education for adults struggles with a uniformisation rooted in financial dependence on the state and the necessity to demonstrate a promarket orientation. In the UK, all three isomorphic pressures threaten the enthusiastic pro-service orientation in the public sector. Isomorphic processes also affect social enterprises in Denmark. The issue of isomorphism of Poland's non-profit sector has not been examined in depth until now. (original abstract)
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Monitoring przedsiębiorstw społecznych w Małopolsce : wybrane wyniki badania i kluczowe wyzwania

67%
Frączek M., Krupnik S., Pacut A., Szczucka A.
Ekonomia Społeczna
|
2011
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issue 2
47-60
PL
Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie wybranych wyników monitoringu przedsiębiorstw społecznych (PS) w Małopolsce. Monitoringiem objęto w okresie od kwietnia do czerwca 2010 r. Centra Integracji Społecznej, Zakłady Aktywności Zawodowej, spółdzielnie socjalne, spółki prawa handlowego o charakterze non-profit, spółdzielnie inwalidów i niewidomych, fundacje oraz stowarzyszenia. Przedstawione zostały wyniki dotyczące potencjału ludzkiego, działalności ekonomicznej, a także potencjału współpracy przedsiębiorstw społecznych z ich otoczeniem. Podsumowaniem rozważań dotyczących wyników jest zestawienie kluczowych wyzwań przed którymi stoją przedsiębiorstwa społeczne w Małopolsce. (abstrakt oryginalny)
EN
The article presents selected findings from the monitoring of social enterprises in Malopolska, which was conducted from April until June 2010 and involved Social Integration Centres, Vocational Development Enterprises, social cooperatives, non-profit companies and commercial law partnerships, disabled and blind workers'cooperatives, foundations and associations.The article discusses the findings concerning human resources potential, economic activity and the capacity of social enterprises to cooperate with their environment. In conclusion, the authors present a list of key challenges faced by this group of enterprises in Malopolska.(original abstract)
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Organizatorzy publicznego transportu zbiorowego jako podmioty non profit. Studium strategii organizacji pozarządowej na rynku komunikacji miejskiej

67%
Rześny-Cieplińska J.
Studia Ekonomiczne
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2014
|
vol. 165
103-110
EN
The complexity of collective public transport processes has caused the legislators of EU countries to create permanent regulations concerning the functioning of both organisers and operators of these services. Due to the fact that the organisation of public transport generally lays in the hands of either a local government unit or the minister of transport, a legal person which shall execute the operational tasks of public transport should be appointed. A management board, either in the form of budgetary unit or individual department, usually takes care of the organisation of urban public transport. Local government units are as a matter of fact non-profit organisations which function within the framework of committed budget. This rule also applies to local organisations, which work towards communities. Therefore, a cognitive problem arises - could non-government organisations carry out certain special tasks of local collective public transport and if so, to what extent and how specialised would they have to be. This issue has a significant applicatory value of the possible provision of conditional guidelines of functioning. Those, in turn, could contribute to a strategy for a diversification of roles of public life organisers precisely through the activity of NGOs.
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