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EN
Owing to dendrochronological data and archaeological finds, more than 150 strongholds from the southern coastal area of the Baltic Sea between the Lower Elbe and the Lower Vistula, can be identified as the oldest large-scale “fortification horizon” in the North-Western Slavic territories. They developed as early as in the 8th and 9th centuries. Generally, the strongholds are regarded seats of tribal elites. Owing to the rapid development of the local economy and contacts with the neighbouring cultural zones, particularly the Frankish Empire and Scandinavia (ports of trade), the strongholds evolved relatively early in the North-Western Slavic territories. This article focuses on the different aspects of the strongholds’ operations: spreading, location, layout, size, construction types, and building structures, in order to present in detail the architectural specifics of the imposing, strongly fortified ramparts. On the basis of archaeological research, the author highlights the erection of the sector fortifications and the joiningpalisade-like constructions, along with a variety of construction types and materials used. The regional differences in size and the historical-cultural background of these strongholds are also discussed.
EN
Archaeological discoveries of dog teeth and their contexts imply that dogs may have played an important role in the worldviews of North-Western Slavs. Dog remains are found at sites strictly associated with cult practices but also at settlements, and they can be interpreted in various ways. So far discussions of dog remains have been limited in scope and very sporadically scholars have attempted to study them in a broader perspective. The aim of this paper is to look at the finds of dog remains in the area populated by North-Western Slavs in a more holistic way than ever attempted before and with a particular focus on the symbolic meanings that these animals could have had in the past. What was the role of dogs in religious practices? What function did they have in mythology? How were they perceived in pagan beliefs? The present paper will seek to find answers to these questions.
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