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Obywatel? Jaki obywatel? Świadectwa mennictwa rzymskiego czasów Karakalli

100%
Kluczek A. A.
In Gremium. Studia nad Historią, Kulturą i Polityką
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2013
|
vol. 7
9-25
EN
The subject of consideration is the issue of graphic reflection of the nature of Roman citizen in the images placed at the reverse of Roman coins. The citizen's duties, his privileges as well as his civic activity were depicted at these coins through a filter of the omnipresenet in the circles of central and local authorities socio-political ideolog, influencing the content of iconography of the empire and provincial mintage. Such a perspective allows to emphasize the role of numismatic sources in the recognition of declared, not factual, place of the citizen in the Roman state at the time of Empire. It furthers induces reflection over self-identification of the ancient as citizen as well as over the relationship between the subjects and the Emperor. The mintage at Caracalla times serves as a pretext to make generalizations and summaries which botj concern wider time period of the first centuries of the Empire.
2
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Die städtischen Eliten der Kolonien der syrischen Tetrapolis zwischen Seleukiden, Armeniern, Parthern und Römern

51%
Engels D.
Electrum
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2013
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vol. 20
77–115
EN
The following paper proposes, for the fi rst time, an exhaustive overview over the situation of the late-Hellenistic local elites of the Syrian tetrapolis (Antiochia, Seleucia, Apamea, Laodicea), a fi rst part concerning the late-Seleucid situation from the death of Antiochus IV onwards, a second one the movemented decades of the Armenian, Parthian and Roman Republican era. Both parts fi rst analyse the general political situation of the Syrian elites on the basis of our literary and numismatical sources in order to sketch the interaction between the respective communal and the imperial level, then systematically discuss the prosopographical evidence.
3
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Pommern und das Ende der wikingerzeit. Bruch oder kontinuität?

51%
Adamczyk D.
Studia Maritima
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2019
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vol. 32
13-27
DE
Im Mittelpunkt des Beitrags steht die Frage, inwieweit das Ende der als Wikingerzeit bekannten Epoche in der zweiten Hälfte des 11. Jahrhunderts auf Pommern eingewirkt hat. Anhand archäologischer und numismatischer Befunde sowie schriftlicher Quellen werden die Entwicklungslinien der drei wichtigsten Siedlungskomplexe Wollin, Stettin und Kołobrzeg-Budzistowo skizziert. Dabei suggeriert die Anzahl der Schatzfunde, dass die Bedeutung Wollins bereits an der Wende vom 10. zum 11. Jahrhundert zurückging – also noch vor dem Raubzug des Dänenkönigs Magnus im Jahr 1043 und der geltenden Datierung der von Archäologen freigelegten Brandschichten innerhalb der Siedlung. Die Einzelfunde von Münzen deuten jedoch auf eine gewisse (freilich deutlich schwächere) Münzzirkulation bis zum Ende des 11. Jahrhunderts hin. Die Befunde aus Stettin und Kołobrzeg-Budzistowo weisen ebenfalls einen ambivalenten Charakter auf. Einerseits fällt die Zahl der Schatz- und Streufunde relativ gering aus. Andererseits legen die Grabungen einen Ausbau des jeweiligen Siedlungskomplexes in der zweiten Hälfte des 11. Jahrhunderts nahe. Folglich ist festzuhalten, dass politische Turbulenzen im westlichen Küstenbereich der Ostsee um 1050 keineswegs den Zusammenbruch ökonomischer und gesellschaftlicher Strukturen in Pommern verursacht haben.
EN
The article focuses on the question, to what extent the end of the Viking age in the second half of the eleventh century influenced western Pomerania. Based on archaeological and numismatic evidence as well as on written sources the development of the most significant settlements, Wollin, Stettin und Kołobrzeg-Budzistowo, is sketched. Thus, the number of hoards from Wollin suggests that the importance of the settlement complex decreased already at the turn of the tenth and eleventh century – before the Danish attack in 1043 and perhaps before the dating of burned layers inside the settlement complex. Stray finds of coins, in contrast, indicate some circulation until the end of the eleventh century – however, the influx of silver after c. 1050 seems weaker than during the tenth century. The archaeological and numismatic evidence from Stettin und Kołobrzeg-Budzistowo allows two conclusions: on one hand the number of hoard and stray finds is low. On the other hand, excavations illustrate an enlargement of these settlements in the second half of the eleventh century. Logically, the political turmoil taking place in the western part of the Baltic Sea around 1050 did not cause a collapse of economic and social structures in Pomerania.
PL
Punktem wyjścia tekstu jest pytanie, na ile zmierzch epoki wikingów w drugiej połowie XI w. wpłynął na Pomorze. Na podstawie archeologicznych i numizmatycznych odkryć oraz źródeł pisanych zostają nakreślone główne linie rozwojowe Wolina, Szczecina i Kołobrzegu-Budzistowa. Sądząc na podstawie liczby skarbów należy stwierdzić, że znaczenia Wolina zmniejszyło się już na przełomie X i XI w. – czyli przed wyprawą rabunkową króla duńskiego Magnusa w 1043 r. i przed obowiązującą w archeologii chronologią warstw spalenizny wewnątrz kompleksu osadniczego. Znaleziska pojedyncze monet z kolei wskazują na jej obieg (aczkolwiek nieco słabszy) do końca XI w. Wyniki badań z Kołobrzegu-Budzistowa i Szczecina mają również ambiwalentny charakter. Z jednej strony liczba skarbów oraz pojedynczych monet jest niska, z drugiej strony pokazują wykopaliska, że osady te rozbudowano po 1050 r. Podsumowując, stwierdzamy brak załamania ekonomicznych i społecznych struktur na Pomorzu na wskutek politycznych zawirowań połowy XI stulecia.
4
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Découvertes de monnaies dites « boïennes » en Suisse

51%
Genechesi J., Nick M., Wolfe N., Castella D., Puthod F.
Studia Hercynia
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2023
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vol. 27
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issue 2
EN
Recent publications allow for secure identification of Iron Age coins from Bohemia and its surroundings. Based on an updated inventory of finds of these coin types in Switzerland, this paper aims to shed light on their distribution. The absolute majority of finds, however, does not allow us to address either the question of dating the coins or the timeframe in which they circulated in present -day Switzerland, because archaeological contexts are lacking. Other discoveries, probably numerous, will change this situation in the years to come.
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