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EN
The Orthodox trend in Polish culture has not been fully appreciated yet. Usually, when speaking about the Orthodox Church in Poland, we connect it with religious centers, first of all in Constantinople and then in Moscow.Most scholars seem to forget that Orthodox culture does not stem from these centers only. Exceptionally important centers are still underestimated; these include the Holy Mount of Athos, Bulgaria, and later also Serbia, while in separate cases even East Christian centers such as Palestine, Egypt (Sinai), Syria, Antioch and Cappadocia played their roles. Quite often South Slavic countries not only acted as intermediaries in the transfer of Byzantine culture to Eastern and Western Slavic lands but also participated actively in the process of creating a common Orthodox and Slavic culture.The paper seeks to demonstrate that during the Middle Ages there were seldom direct relations between the eastern regions of Poland and Western Russia (Ruthenia) and Constantinople, they were rather mediated by or with the Bulgarian Orthodox Church.This aspect is illustrated by examples from the history of the Orthodox Church, of medieval literature and church architecture, and by examples of the spread of worship of East Slavic saints in the territory of Poland.
EN
The area of the Central Europe that includes so called new countries of the European Union is incorrectly classified as Eastern Europe. In the categories of geopolitics and civilization paradigm the Eastern Europe includes Belarus, Ukraine and Moldova. There are three civilization circles in the Central and Easter Europe. The first one includes countries of the Catholic and Protestant culture, the second one countries of the Orthodox culture of the metropolis of Constantinople, while the third one countries of the Muscovite-Orthodox culture. Civilization affiliation promotes the development of contacts and geopolitical proximity
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