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1

The Utilization of PHARE Funds in the Warmia and Mazury Province

100%
Olkowska W.
Ekonomika i Organizacja Przedsiębiorstwa
|
2006
|
issue 5(676)
15-21
EN
The article discusses selected issues connected with the absorption of resources from PHARE Funds - The Investment Subsidies Fund (ISF) by small and medium enterprises in the Warmia and Mazury province. The authoress analyzes the realization of obligations contained in PHARE contracts from the years 2000-2002. Opinions of surveyed entrepreneurs regarding the significance of the PHARE ISF for investment processes in the SME segment are presented.
2
Content available remote

Migrations for Work and Better, Wages Among Youth in Opole Region

100%
Jonczy R.
Polityka Społeczna
|
2006
|
vol. 33
|
issue 10(391)
10-124
EN
The paper discusses factors determining migrations outside the country of young native people from the Opole region having dual citizenship (Polish and German. This migration process still gets stronger and stronger. Among the working people who are 18-25 years old, 84% seek jobs outside the border because it is much better payable. The problem is not lack of job at all but lack of steady work in professions and for salaries, which would be attractive for people who may as well take job outside the border. The article presents arguments which proves that economic emigration of young people will change, in major part, into permanent emigration. It becomes necessary to take urgent actions to withhold people leaving the region and the country.
3

THE STONE INDUSTRY OF THE FUNNEL BEAKER CULTURE IN THE LIGHT OF MATERIAL FROM THE GAWRONIEC SITE IN CMIELÓW, OSTROWIEC SWIETOKRZYSKI DISTRICT

80%
Balcer B.
Archeologia Polski
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2006
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vol. 51
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issue 1-2
43-92
EN
The raw material of 805 objects of non-flint rock and a few lumps of hematite from the Funnel Beaker Culture (FBC) settlement was identified by macroscopical examination, opinions of geologists and petrographers, who confirmed the use of sedimentary and crystalline rocks, mainly sandstone and granitoids, some in the form of river pebbles and erratic rocks. Apart from one specimen, the stone is all from the Swietokrzyskie (Holy Cross) Mountains where sandstone and limestone occurred in places of original sedimentation, while crystalline rocks came mostly from secondary deposits of erratic material occurring within the range of the three glaciations in this region. Hematite came from deposits some 50 km to the west of Cmielów. The fnds included 570 rocks with no evidence of processing or wear, and 238 tools, surviving mostly in fragments. Seven different kinds of tools were represented: querns - 70, mainly of crystalline rock; polishing plates - 95, made of quartzite sandstone were used to polish flint axes. Both tools bear evidence of hematite being ground on them. Polygonal whetstones were used to smooth and sharpenimg of tools made of bone, antler and wood. A group of 25 tools is made up of hammerstone-grinders and stone bases, characterized by traces of use. Undressed stones were used for this purpose, first as hammerstones, then as grinders, and also as bases in the production of stone and flint tools. The few tools: 2 axes, a pierced hammer-axe and a fragment of similar tool. The axes with button heads are the most impressive products of the FBC stone industry and can be considered as veritable masterpieces of the stonecutter's art. They constituted weapons, symbols of status and held cult significance. The stoneworking and flint knapping complemented one another in the economy of Neolithic societies. Stone was material for polishing plates and querns, while flnt was essential for producing small tools and sickle inserts. The stone tools used in different cultures do not differ in principle. There is more differentiation in the smaller smoothed tools, the original adzes shaped like cobbler's lasts from the early Neolithic and the highly varied celts of different cultures later on. 10 Figures.
4

THE SECOND INHUMATION GRAVE FROM THE CEMETERY IN MANASTERZ. PROBLEMS OF CHRONOLOGY AND BURIAL RITES IN THE TARNOBRZEG GROUP OF THE LUSATIAN CULTURE

80%
Czopek S., Trybala K.
Sprawozdania Archeologiczne
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2005
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vol. 57
131-163
EN
The inhumation grave from the biritual cemetery, dated to Bronze Age and beginnings of the Iron Age, at Manasterz on the San river is presented on the background of burial ritual of the Tarnobrzeg group. The authors offer description of the grave inventory, anthropological and metallographical analyses of bones and metal objects, radiocarbon dating, and then comparative analysis of the whole inventory on the background of all known inhumation graves from the Tarnobrzeg group cemeteries. Described grave represents the oldest horizon among all analyzed assemblages (HA1 or even BD). Seriation analysis of grave furniture allowed to distinguish 3 groups of inhumation graves, in which metal ornaments made of bronze bars, wire and band were deposited. It is possible that this division corresponds to the chronological sequence of the inhumation graves. Inhumation burial ritual belongs to the most interesting phenomena in the Tarnobrzeg group. Rich equipment of inhumation graves (not recorded in cremation graves) allows to look for wide-spread, contemporary analogies and connections to the older Trzciniec culture.
5

ORGANIZATION OF SPACE IN MASOVIAN FLINT CONCENTRATIONS BASED ON THE FLINT ASSEMBLAGES FROM THE NIEBOROWA I SITE IN SAWIN COMMUNITY, LUBELSKIE VOIVODESHIP

80%
Boron T.
Archeologia Polski
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2006
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vol. 51
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issue 1-2
13-42
EN
Final Paleolithic Masovian assemblages occur in small and compact concentrations. Two such concentrations were recorded in trench 4 and another one in trench 9. Spatial research was based on in-depth analysis of the differences in the count of blade and flake blanks and secondary refuse per square meter, as well as a detailed mapping of the distribution of tools and cores. Refttings of products was also carried out. Based on these procedures, it proved possible to identify within the concentrations specific areas where core processing processes took place. The time-spatial relations were then established between the products from the B concentration and the secondarily deposited refuse marked as C in trench 4. Four units with evidence of core processing waste and two from which such evidence was removed were identified in concentration B. Four main knapping areas were noted and two occasional ones, while the secondary refuse consisted of flint material from two of the main knapping sites. The flint concentration in trench 9 was composed of two adjoining knapping areas. The scatter of flint material and the refittings failed to show whether in trench 4 we are dealing with a single episode or two separate, superimposed incidences of habitation. In trench 4, tools were found only around the knapping areas; this concerns points in particular of which one fragment had found its way into the secondary refuse. This indicates that points were produced and damaged projectiles repaired in this area and not, for instance, around the fireplace. The fairly restricted tool kit in the two concentrations in trench 4, as well as no evident focal points for the deposition of tools which could suggest a functional differentiation of household activities, permit the assumption that the discussed remains concerned mainly flint procurement and processing. It is to be concluded that while the nature of settlement in the two flint concentrations is very similar, the spatial arrangement reflecting use of space inside the camp differs substantially. 18 Figures.
6

TEXTILE IMPRESSIONS ON CLAY CASTING UTENSILS FROM THE LUSATIAN CULTURE SETTLEMENT AT BNIN (POZNAN DISTRICT, WIELKOPOLSKA PROVINCE), SITE 2B

80%
Fogel J., Sikorski A.
Sprawozdania Archeologiczne
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2006
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vol. 58
503-517
EN
In the years 1961-61 and 1964-69 Departament of Archaeology, Adam Mickiewicz University (today's Institute of Prehistory, Adam Mickiewicz University) led to the discovery of a 'professional' center of bronze production located in the fortifield settlement of the Lusatian culture communities. The Bnin workshop was used for a short time. Fragments of little smelting crucibles and cast form was reanalyzed in terms of fabric impressions (textile negatives). Altogether 17 fragments od clay forms and 6 fragments od little smelting crucibles were analyzed. A raw material was not identified (impressions of elementary yarns thickness was 0,015-0,016 mm). A right twisted Z/2S or Z/2Z? of differentiated warp (O - 0,682 mm) and weft (W - 0,825 mm) was used. Fragments produced in a diagonal splice 2/2., and it was thick product of III class density. It is difficult to estimate whether observed impressions on a little smelting crucible and on form fragments were created by a cloth fragment (re-used by metallurgist as a 'production farbric') or rather by special 'rag' used to press the bulk into the model.
7

THE BELGIAN CATCH (C6). SOCIO-CULTURAL CONTEXT OF THE LABOUR MARKET IN SIEMIATYCZE. A QUALITATIVE RESEARCH REPORT

80%
Borawska B., Niziolek K., Poczykowski R.
Pogranicze. Studia Społeczne
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2007
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vol. 13
37-72
EN
The report summarizes the findings of a qualitative research carried out in Siemiatycze, north-eastern Poland, in June 2006 as a part of an international project 'Dynamics and Social Impact of the Labour Markets on Local Communities in Eastern Europe Accelerated by the EU Integration' within INTAS 'LocLab' research network. The town of Siemiatycze was selected for the project as one of five mid-size provincial towns of different characteristics in Eastern Europe, the selection criterion being large-scale workers' migration that was expected to be the predominant factor accounting for the character of the town's transformation, both before and after EU enlargement in 2005. In the light of collected qualitative data, for the last 15 years, the town of Siemiatycze has become a scene for growing disparities and contrasts in peoples' economic position. Hence, the real life in Siemiatycze, as seen through the eyes of its dwellers, does not fit the popular image of local prosperity. What people see and experience in their day-to-day struggle for economic well-being is far from a simple interrelation between labour migration and local welfare. In Siemiatycze, the emerging vision of social structure takes the form of crisscrossing dichotomies: having a decent job vs. joblessness, economic well-being vs. poverty and welfare dependence, living 'here' vs. commuting to Brussels. Mobility, as contrasted with immobilizing local ties, is widely recognized as the defining factor of success. It is not, however, the mobility of 'half-beings, half-flows', that Manuel Castells associates with the age of information, the exterritorial, technocratic and cosmopolitan elite of professionals, paying with gold credit cards and traveling in business class. Mobility patterns, which can be observed in Siemiatycze, are followed mostly by those who have to struggle for their social position and status, those threatened with unemployment, poverty and social degradation. Therefore, it seems that in the case of Siemiatycze one may speak about an interesting new phenomena - mobile, exterritorial working class, whose high position in the local community depends on the dirty work done for the affluent middle class in the western Europe.
8

FROM THE STUDIES ON MANUFACTURING AND UTILIZATION OF TIMBER TAR IN THE NIEMEN CULTURE

80%
Józwiak B., Kobusiewicz M., Langer J. J., Pietrzak S.
Sprawozdania Archeologiczne
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2006
|
vol. 58
355-375
EN
The subject of this paper is an analysis of the residues of black tarry substances found on the exterior surface of one, fully reconstructed vessel, as well as the interior of two belly parts of the other vessels coming from the site 1 at Chwalim (Lubuskie voivodeship), identified with Para-Neolithic Niemen culture. The parts of the mentioned vessels were used as samples for the physicochemical analyses. These samples were analyzed with a series of methods: the IR spectrophotometry, EPR, microscopic observations (polarizing microscope PZO and Philips SEM electron microscope), a melting point measurements (PHMK 05 apparatus) and solubility test.
9

BEING GRANDPARENT IN CHINA GREECE AND POLAND: BEHAVIORAL AND AFFECTIVE INVOLVEMENT IN GRANDCHILDREN

80%
Filus A.
Psychological Studies
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2006
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vol. 44
|
issue 1
35-46
EN
The study aimed at exploring the meaning of having grandchildren, of roles played and emotions experienced by grandparents towards grandchildren in China, Greece and Poland. The research questionnaire was constructed by the authoress. In all three cultures the fact of having grandchildren had an overwhelming positive meaning, beneficial psychologically and socially. Grandparents from China, Greece and Poland fulfilled two basic roles towards grandchildren: recreational-educational and caring. Chinese grandparents performed these two roles with the same frequency, whereas the recreational-educational role dominated in Poland and Greece. Common result was bigger engagement of grandmothers in activities concerning grandchildren. Additionally, contact with grandchildren provided grandparents with a Positive emotional balance, the highest felt by Polish grandparents, the lowest by Chinese. Analyses revealed that main variables responsible for these differences were two cultural dimensions from GLOBE project (House et al., 2004): Power distance and Humane orientation, both as negative predictors of Positive emotional balance. The study suggests that in cultures characterized by traditionally extended family systems grandchildren play positive and crucial role in their grandparents lives.
10

Prospects of Further Activity of Fish Auction in Ustka

80%
Giruc P.
Pieniądze i Więź
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2008
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vol. 11
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issue 3(40)
231-238
EN
The role of the Fish Auction in Ustka and its influence on development of fish market in Poland has been presented in this article. The researches were carried out on the Fish Auction in Ustka which plays important role in the fish trade. It is well organized and professionally equipped where fish is safely traded. Fish auctions are still popular in Western Europe. Their role is to supply the local shops, restaurants and network of fast food bars.
11
Content available remote

Functions of Category of Person in Post-Communist discourses in Croatia and Poland

80%
Czerwinski M.
Studia z Filologii Polskiej i Słowiańskiej
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2006
|
vol. 41
115-138
EN
In the Croatian and Polish public sphere the post-communist discourses play an important role. Since most of the post-communist elite accepted a negative attitude towards the communist past, they were also forced to find a way to create a set of communicative and rhetoric tools which might justify their activity before the fall of the iron curtain. The different social and political circumstances in Croatia and in Poland evoked different linguistic and discursive models, including the category of person. Since the writer addresses his texts to diverse types of recipients (those who both positively and negatively evaluate communism), the category of person is used very inconsistently. A specific combination of it makes both discourses more persuasive.
12

EYE-SHAPED BEAD FROM RZESZÓW, SITE 25

61%
Florkiewicz I.
Acta Archaeologica Carpathica
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2005
|
vol. 40
219-225
EN
In the course of open excavation in Rzeszów in 2004 a fragment of an eye-shaped bead was found on a site known as Skalka, a place with long cultural sequence including pottery from the Neolithic, Lusatian and Pomeranian cultures, and the period of Roman influences. K. Kunter believes that the decoration is characteristic of the turn of the 5th century BC. According to N. Venclova's typology the bead from Site 25 in Rzeszów would belong to Type 519, dated to the late HtD and early LtA. The eye-shaped bead from Site 25 in Rzeszów is the first artefact of this kind to be found in South-Eastern Poland (the discovery of a similar object was reported from Medyka, but the account of the find has not been published). It seems, in so far as they are rarely mentioned in literature, that the eye-shaped beads are by no means common in Poland. The latest review of this category of finds was made M. Karwowski (1997), yet almost all of the objects on his list belong to La Tene or the Early pre-Roman Periods. Since the find described here has no proper context, it is impossible to attach it with any certainty to any particular culture. It might belong to the Tarnobrzeg culture, especially its late phase, or to the Pomeranian culture. The puzzle could possibly be solved if systematic excavation was undertaken on the site.
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