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POLITICKÁ TEÓRIA K. R. POPPERA – AKTUÁLNE PERSPEKTÍVY JEDNEJ „PLAVBY“ DO PRÍSTAVU OTVORENÁ SPOLOČNOSŤ NA VLNÁCH DEMOKRACIE

100%
Dobiáš D.
Studia Politica Slovaca: časopis pre politické vedy, najnovšie politické dejiny a medzinárodné vzťahy
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2011
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vol. 4
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issue 1
3 – 15
EN
The aim of the article is to present an alternative theoretical approach to the sphere of social reality (with an as its basic „building block“) and its various forms – K. R. Popper’s theory of critical rationalism and open society (democracy). The main reference is to promote Popper’s critical rationalism and his open society theory as „an axiology of civilized society“ based on idea of morally (humanistic) conditioned freedom of man as expressed in Popper’s liberalism. The work deals with the reflection of Popper’s „open society“ hypothesis (concept) as a metaphor for philosophically justifiable, open space of coexistence among individuals, medium of which is a democracy as a political and an institutional guarantee of an autonomous creativity.
2

PARADOX HAVRANŮ JAKO ONTOLOGICKÝ PROBLÉM

86%
Kocourek D.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2019
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vol. 74
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issue 7
571 – 581
EN
The text focuses on the so called “paradox of ravens” formulated in the 1940s by C. G. Hempel, which challenges the possibility of confirming general hypotheses by observation of particular instances of these hypotheses. After a brief presentation of the paradox and some of the possible solutions of the paradox based on the works of C. G. Hempel, K. R. Popper and W. V. O. Quine, the author presents his own analysis of the paradox that is based on understanding hypotheses challenged by the paradox not as describing general natural laws, but as concerning merely actual instances of such hypotheses. The author claims that on this interpretation of the paradox it is possible to avoid the problematic conclusion if we abandon ontological position known as “metaphysical realism”, because refusing this position will disqualify the terms like “non-black” or “non-raven” from being applicable in the process of confirmation – and without these terms the paradox cannot even arise in the first place.
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