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1
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KLAIPEDA LAND. POPULATION CHANGES 1945-1950

100%
Sakson A.
Przegląd Zachodni
|
2007
|
issue 3(324)
105-125
EN
After the end of the Second World War the territory of Klaipeda Land (Ger. Memelland) became part of Soviet Lithuania. The population that formed the region's new society included three main groups: 1) former inhabitants (Prussian Lithuanians, Curonians and Germans); 2) Lithuanian settlers mostly from the neighbouring Samogitia; 3) Russians who held privileged posts.
2

CHANGES IN POPULATION IN THE TRANSYLVANIA AREA (Przemiany ludnosciowe na obszarze Transsylwanii)

100%
Eberhardt P.
Studia z Dziejów Rosji i Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej
|
2008
|
vol. 43
221-243
3
Content available remote

RELIGIOUS ROUTES IN SLOVAKIA

80%
Krogmann A., Kramáreková H., Petrikovičová L., Grežo H., Mróz F.
Konštantínove listy
|
2023
|
vol. 16
|
issue 1
78-91
EN
We have noticed an uptick in the popularity of cultural routes in recent decades. They combine several tourist attractions into one product, which is more attractive to a potential tourist than the individual tourist elements by themselves. With its Christian foundations, Europe – including Slovakia – has natural predispositions for pilgrimage routes. In addition to the economic effects for a wider range of beneficiaries along the route, they bring knowledge and peace to the tourists/pilgrims, and they have a spiritual dimension. The goals of this article are multidimensional – identification of the relationship between cultural and religious routes, classification of religious routes according to various criteria against the background of the religious structure of the Slovak population, and analysis of the current state of knowledge about eight religious routes identified on the basis of the patronages in their name. The assessment of their condition leads to the conclusion that they have great potential for development. Their development is mainly provided by the Church, various grants and voluntary activities. However, experience also suggests that state support is essential in maintaining and developing the activities of this type of sustainable tourism.
4
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Miary starości demograficznej populacji

80%
Kulbaczewska M.
Prace i Materiały Wydziału Zarządzania Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego
|
2011
|
vol. 2
|
issue 3
177-189
EN
In this paper measures used to assess the advancement of demographic aging of the population were presented. Then, on the basis of these measures the Polish population was assessed. In light of the problems with using key indicators of aging other proposals of measurement were presented.
5
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PARTNER CHOICE PREFERENCES. DO THE DIVORCED AND SINGLE DIFFER IN THEIR MARRIAGE AND PARTNER PREFERENCES? (Preference vyberu partnera. Lisi se rozvedeni a svobodni ve snatkovych a partnerskych preferencich?)

80%
Katrnak T., Fucik P.
Sociológia (Sociology)
|
2009
|
vol. 41
|
issue 5
437-456
EN
The research on social homogamy in marriages answers up to a certain point satisfactorily the questions about the nature of assorted mating. Nevertheless, these analyses are not able to examine the tie between partner choice and the preferences of marriage candidates. On one hand, there are the characteristics of the contracted marriages, indicating the results of the assorted mating process while on the other, there are the notions of ideal partner, which all of the marriage candidates more or less explicitly exercise while seeking in the marriage market. This paper has three aims. Firstly, it describes the partner choice preferences by the basic dimensions like the education, age, physical attractiveness and wealth of hypothetical 'ideal' partner. The second aim is to distinguish between the segments of population with different partner preferences and to find social determinants of these preferences. The third aim is to compare the preferences of divorced people with single population in order to contrast the first and repeated choices. To answer these questions theb authors use the data from Generations survey, conducted on general population of the Czech Republic, with the boost samples on divorced and younger people.
6
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Greckokatolicka rodzina chłopska w ziemi chełmskiej w końcu XVIII w.

80%
Miesiąc-Stępińska A., Rzemieniecki K.
Roczniki Dziejów Społecznych i Gospodarczych
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2009
|
vol. 69
91-110
EN
The intention of this article is to analyse the structure of the population and family farmsteads at the end of the eighteenth century in three Uniate (Greek Catholic) parishes situated in the north-eastern part of the land of Chelm. The results were compared with findings relating to Roman Catholic parishes in the western parts of the Kingdom of Poland, primarily in Greater Poland. The study was based on parish population polls conducted by the local rectors in 1791–1792 upon the request of the Civilian-Military Order Commissions. The Greek Catholic parishes revealed a population structure different than the one in their Roman Catholic counterparts; the same holds true for peasant farmsteads with a similar number of persons per single farm, i.e. 6–7. There is a distinctive connection between the considerable participation of relatives within the structure of the Uniate peasant household and the small number of servants and tenant farmers, almost absent in the examined parishes. In the studied community tenant farmers constituted 2,7% of the population, servants – 2%, and relatives – 33,6%, while in parishes situated in the west tenant farmers totalled 7,3–16,4%, servants – 12,5–24,4%, and relatives – 4,5-14,1% of the whole population. The large participation of relatives in the employment structure of the farmsteads in the eastern parishes unquestionably reduced the need for a hired labour force, while the care for and protection of old relatives, incapable of working, decreased the percentage of tenant farmers in the whole population. The presence of numerous relatives in peasant farmsteads denoted also a small number of nuclear families, which in the examined parishes totalled 41,3% of the whole population, while in the western parishes was never lower than 62%.
7
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Problematyka demograficzna tzw. ściany wschodniej Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej

80%
Eberhardt P.
Roczniki Nauk Społecznych
|
2011
|
vol. 3(39)
271-291
EN
The article presents demographic changes occurring in the borderland area situated in the immediate neighborhood of the Polish-Lithuanian, Polish-Byelorussian and Polish-Ukrainian borders. In the Polish specialist literature the area is called “the Eastern Wall”. The author draws the reader’s attention to the lack of precision of this term and to the freedom with which it is used, as well as to the fact that with time it has been assuming a negative meaning. In order to check the research hypothesis saying that there are de-population areas near the eastern border of Poland an empirical analysis has been made. On the basis of statistical documents demographic changes have been presented and commented on, according to the three levels of local government administration (województwo, powiat, gmina). The most interesting facts have been revealed by an analysis of the lowest level units (gmina). Information has been compared about their population, according to five time points (1970, 1978, 1988, 1996, 2008). This has made it possible to define the demographic dynamics. The results are unambiguous, and they show that nearly all the studied gminas are characterized by demographic regress. The rate of decrease in their population has been accelerating with time. Depopulation processes are result of a negative migration balance and of the natural drop. The decreasing number of births is connected with an increase in death rate. The opinion about the existence of the so-called “Eastern Wall”, in which negative demographic-social processes are cumulated has been confirmed by facts. Empirical analysis based on the data from three first level units (województwo), 16 second level units (powiat) and 51 third level units (gmina) has showed that the discussed eastern part of the borderland is not homogeneous and it is spatially differentiated. It has been revealed that each of the borderland segments has its own, clearly distinguished, demographic specificity. The most unfavorable demographic situation, which is connected with the increasing depopulation processes, obtains in the central part of the Polish eastern border. The area is situated along the Polish-Byelorussian border, and partly at the northern part of the Polish-Ukrainian border. At this borderland segment, more than 600 km long, we see several negative phenomena and demographic processes overlapping, which in the future may lead to a complete depopulation of the borderland areas. This will give significant economic consequences. In the conclusion attempts are made to show that studies of the borderland areas not only have a great cognitive significance, but a planning significance as well, since they may be a premise for creating programs activating the area.
8

CHANGES IN THE POPULATION OF MICROSTATES IN THE 20TH CENTURY

80%
Baranska M.
Asia and Pacific Studies
|
2008
|
vol. 5
89-110
EN
The paper discusses the changes in the population of the world's smallest countries during the 20th century. It includes four research questions, four hypotheses concerning the changes in the population and their consistency with the demographic transformation model, verification of the demographic features associated with such countries, typology of population changes and factors underlying population change in the microstates. 32 of 34 microstates identified in a formalised way have been analysed. To verify the hypotheses, the authoress employs an analysis based on the Geddes rate of variation, standard variation of demographic rates, typological procedure and analysis of factors underlying population change based on the frequency of occurrence of individual types of factors.
9
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Zmiany współczynników reprodukcji ludności w województwie wielkopolskim w latach 2000–2009

80%
Chromińska M.
Prace i Materiały Wydziału Zarządzania Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego
|
2011
|
vol. 2
|
issue 3
41-68
EN
The aim of this paper is to identify: - size, change and diversity of population reproduction rates in the Wielkopolska province by subregions and place of residence, - trends in fertility rates, gross reproduction and demographic dynamics of the region in terms of living environment. Time range of the elaboration covers the 2000 - 2009 period for province, and 2002 - 2009 for subregions. A source of information was the Regional Data Bank for the years 2000 2009 contained on the website of the Central Statistical Office. To describe the dynamics of the phenomenon studied, the indices of dynamics was used, and to describe the trends of examined rates - models with different analytical form. Results of the study showed a reduction of total fertility of women in the years 2001 - 2004 both in the city and in the countryside. Since 2005, its growth has been observed systematically. Partial fertility rates in the surveyed years were characterized by varying tendency. General and sub-fertility rates vary in different subregions and living environment. Research shows that the total fertility rate in both urban and rural population does not provide a simple replacement of generations. Values of gross reproduction rates vary in different subregions, both in urban and rural. Estimated model for the trend of population reproduction rates vary in shape according to the residential environment.
10

HISTOIRE DES RELATIONS ENTRE LE BURUNDI ET LE RWANDA: UNE TRAJECTOIRE EN DENTS DE SCIE

70%
Manirakiza F., Niyonizigiye P., Tshibambe G. N.
Asian and African Studies
|
2023
|
vol. 32
|
issue 2
115 - 136
EN
Historically, relations between Burundi and Rwanda have been either neighbourly or bad. From April 2015, when President Pierre Nkurunziza sought re-elected, Burundi fell into a political crisis when opponents fomented a coup. After the failure of the coup, dissidents and part of the population took refuge in Rwanda. Each side blamed the other. Diplomatic relations were broken off and economic exchanges slowed down whereas good relations had been established since 2005. A “war of airways” began. The problem is that the situation could sour relations between the people of the two countries. The aim of the article is to study the evolution of these relations since the time of monarchy.
11

MODERN TENDENCIES OF DEMOGRAPHIC DEVELOPMENT AND ITS ACCOUNT IN THE REGIONAL SOCIAL POLICY (Suchasni tendentsii demorozvytku ta ikh vrakhuvannia u rehionalnii sotsialnii politytsi)

70%
Tsapok S. O., Bidak V. Y.
Rehionalna ekonomika
|
2009
|
issue 4(54)
133-139
EN
On the background of development of world population the modern tendencies of social-demographic progress of Ukraine and its regions are examined. The interconnection between the demographic and socio-economic factors of public progress, specificity of formation of the ihigh-quality human potential are analyzed. The thesis about a necessity of due attention to improvement of the population's quality parameters in conditions of general globalization and growth of migratory streams is put forward. A set of proposals and practical measures aimed at improvement of socio-demographic situation, in particular on the regional level was outlined.
12

Motyvatsiia innovatsiinoi aktyvnosti naselennia rehionu

70%
Zasanskaya S. V.
Mekhanizm Rehuluvannya Economiky
|
2011
|
vol. 4 (54)
88-92
EN
It is examined basic views relative to the stimulation of the innovation activity of the population of region. It is proposed the stepped hierarchy of the innovation activity of population at the level of region. It is developed the model of the motivation of population to realizing of innovations and the developed classical diagram of control of the motivation of population at the level of region taking into account innovation factor. It is proposed measure for the concentration of scientific potential in the sphere of innovation activity.
13

POPULATION AGEING AS GENERATION SUBSTITUTIONS: ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL ASPECTS

70%
Káčerová M., Mládek J.
Ekonomický časopis (Journal of Economics)
|
2012
|
vol. 60
|
issue 3
259 – 276
EN
The goal of the paper is recognition of the population ageing processes. They are using some new methods and techniques of study long-term trends and regional differentiation of population ageing in Slovakia. Number of many cognitive tools, the focus was mainly on the group of those using comparisons of different age generations – index of potential economic support, coefficient of inflow, outflow and exchange, index of social support, dynamic economic and reproduction ageing index. Applying these methods we were obtained new knowledge about trends and regional differentiation of population ageing in Slovakia.
14

MLADÍ LIDÉ A SCIÁLNÍ POLITIKA: IMPLIKACE PRO SOCIÁLNÍ SMÍR

70%
Hrbková J.
Ekonomický časopis (Journal of Economics)
|
2013
|
vol. 61
|
issue 7
700 – 721
EN
The article treats the selected circumstances of social policy namely the conditions and possibilities of social peace’s reaching with regard to young people’s preferences and attitudes and the factors influencing them. On the basis of empirical research carried out with respondents from various faculties of the Czech University of Life Sciences and the Czech Technical University in Prague, the author presents her conclusions: are there any threats (and which ones) to social peace and through it to economic development which could be triggered by how young people perceive the justification of social policy and its principles’ content.
15

Sut ta ekonomichna pryroda investytsii i investytsiinoho protsesu

70%
Levchinskiy D. L.
Mekhanizm Rehuluvannya Economiky
|
2011
|
vol. 2 (52)
131-139
EN
Essence and economic nature of such categories, both investments and investment process, is examined in the article, that more frequent than all utilized in the economic system both on macro- and on micro levels. A place and role of subjects of investment process, which the state, population, enterprises in the investment system of country and region, co-operate among, is probed.
16

POPULÁCIA SR A JEJ REGIONÁLNE ODLIŠNOSTI

70%
Knošková M., Knošková E., Tulek M., Lysý J.
Sociálno-zdravotnícke spektrum
|
2016
|
vol. 4
|
issue 1
-
EN
Monitoring data which are necessary to the management government on the spatial level of knowledge is not enough. The system of indicators is progressively receiving attributes such as regional disparities, regional polarization, differentiation or asymmetry etc. Regional disparities represent inequalities in socio-economic development of regions. The key role in monitored parameters is represented by health and monitored attributes of healthcare in the context of the situation in the regions. Studied effects tend to have various differences, which vary in intensity level from territorial units. Inequality may be in some certain conditions also a positive factor, especially if it serves as a baseline stimuli of starting the development of the regions. Also applies premise that the unexploited potential of human capital may induce in some places stimulating the emergence of new technologies.
17

CALCULATION OF ECOLOGICAL LOSSES FROM EXPLOITATION OF INNOVATIONS

70%
Yakovlev A.
Nauka ta naukoznavstvo (Science and Science of Science)
|
2009
|
issue 1
53-57
EN
Innovation may have negative environmental effects. Their calculation becomes even more complicated, because negative environmental effects of innovations, as well as effects of measures aimed at their elimination or reduction are calculated by the traditional scheme 'producer - consumer'. Therefore, another component should be added: consumers of negative environmental effects of innovations' generation and exploitation. Because innovation-related effects and losses are felt by several categories of consumers, they should be calculated for the three consumer segments: business enterprises; population; government. For business enterprises, the above mentioned effects can be reduced fish catch, degraded fertility of agricultural lands, which causes harvest reduction. For population, the effects can be smaller production output in food and other consumer industries, along with reduction of employment and, consequently, of purchasing capacity of the population; higher expenditures related with supply of high quality foods and other products to the population of the ecologically unsafe region, causing price growth and losses for population; shortage of high quality food, causing body dysfunctions. Also, negative environmental effects increase the mortality rate, which, accordingly, increases government expenditures on social compensations, while absence of workers on job cause income losses (although the latter are losses of business enterprises). For government, losses may occur due to reduction in tax inflows, or due to the increased expenditures on unemployment benefits, due to shrinking consumption of households, as a result of unemployment growth. For each category of losses in the above three segments, algorithms are shown.
18

OBYVATEĽSTVO A PRIEMYSEL NA SLOVENSKU V ROKU 1938

70%
Vanek P.
Populačné štúdie Slovenska
|
2022
|
vol. 15
|
issue 2
81 - 89
EN
The paper’s main goal is to analyse the impact of the Munich Agreement, the Vienna Award, and the Polish territorial claim on Slovakia in 1938. After November 1938, many factories, power plants, millions of inhabitants, and even whole regions of Czechoslovakia remained in a territory that Hungary, Germany, or Poland occupied. The paper focuses on losses in three key areas: population, territory, and industry. This research is primarily based on the study of contemporary statistical reports in combination with archive materials that are placed in the National Archive in Prague and in the Slovak National Archive in Bratislava. In conclusion, it can be stated that the change of borders in 1938 had a negative impact on Slovakia and on the whole state. A new border meant a radical intervention in the republic’s economy, ethnic composition, and territorial integrity. As a result, the republic lost around 30 % of its territory, on which approximately a third of the population lived.
19
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Možnosti migračního řešení perspektivního úbytku a demografického stárnutí obyvatelstva České republiky...

70%
Drbohlav D., Burcin B., Kucera T.
Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review
|
2008
|
vol. 44
|
issue 4
653-683
EN
The article draws on the concept of 'replacement migration', widely presented by the Population Division of the UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs in 2000 and 2001, which elaborated a concept and conducted a comprehensive analysis of international migration as a solution to the problem of population declines and demographic ageing. This concept was applied as an example to selected countries in the world, the European region, and the European Union as a whole. It involves calculating the number of foreign migrants necessary to completely offset future changes in the size or age structure of the given country's population as a result of the predicted demographic trends. The following article describes the formulation of this concept and looks at its application on a general methodological level and in the specific case of the Czech Republic. A detailed description is given not just of the model used but also of its internal and external assumptions. The constructed model is then applied towards determining the necessary number of 'replacement migrants' in order to prevent a significant change in the Czech Republic in: 1) the total size of the population, 2) the average age of the population, 3) the percentage of people of working age, and 4) the ratio of people of post-productive to productive age. With the aid of the results the authors clearly demonstrate that while international migrants could effectively help maintain the current size of the population, they would not be able to prevent the continued ageing of the population or even have a decisive impact on the course of this process. With these findings the authors hope to contribute to the debate on the topic of the ageing population in the Czech Republic, and they call strongly for more intensive and especially more effective preparations for this real and unavoidable era in the development of Czech society.
20
Content available remote

Kulturspezifische Barrieren in der chinesischen Bevölkerungspolitik

70%
Tomala K.
Acta Asiatica Varsoviensia
|
2011
|
issue 24
23-64
EN
The Chinese population planning policy that was introduced after a proclamation of the new program of reform and modernization in 1979, was incorporated as a law into the Constitution of 1982. From the very beginning it faced various pressures and met with resistance, especially from the rural population. This study attempts to analyze why the implementation of the long term population policy has encountered so many difficulties and why the official policy of one child was changed in the mid 1980’s. This study shows the influence of deeply ingrained traditional attitudes in the minds of a large part of the population for whom having more children, especially sons, represents more security and may be a way to prosperity (sons being more valuable than daughters). It is argued that although Chinese society has changed, some traditional values still play a social role. As a result of an openness policy and more personal rights the population dynamics, which influences the speed of social dynamics have encountered numerous barriers, from both – traditional values and from modern culture. Changes are taking place in all aspects of life, even the once extensive government control, does not work as before. It is argued then that the future of the population policy in China will function differently taking into account the presence – both traditional values and modern behavior of the society.
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