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CHOOSING AN INTERACTION PARTNER: THE ROLE OF REPRESENTATIONS OF OTHER PEOPLE AND CODING SYSTEMS IN THE PREFERENCE PATTERN FOR SELECTION CRITERIA

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Rutkowska D., Szuster A.
Studia Psychologica
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2011
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vol. 53
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issue 2
185-199
EN
The theories and research on pro-social behaviour have indicated how important the way of representing other people can be as far as giving help is concerned. This paper explores this further by studying the preference for four types of criteria which may be applied to choose partners for social interactions that go beyond altruism. Ninety-nine upper secondary school students participated in the study. The findings reveal that the accessibility of representations of other people together with the activation of verbal and non-verbal systems of representations modify the preference pattern for particular selection criteria.
2

MINDREADING AND EMPATHY AS PREDICTORS OF PRO-SOCIAL BEHAVIOUR

100%
Čavojová V., Belovičová Z., Sirota M.
Studia Psychologica
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2011
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vol. 53
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issue 4
351 – 362
EN
Social understanding is usually conceptualized as consisting of understanding emotions (i.e., empathy) and understanding the other’s mental states (i.e., theory of mind or mindreading). Both these aspects of social understanding are hypothesized to be related to pro-social orientation. Therefore, the purpose of the presented study is to examine whether theory of mind or empathy is the stronger predictor of pro-social orientation. As a secondary aim, the authors also explored the question of gender differences as an important differentiating factor in both theory of mind and empathy. 197 preadolescents aged 11 to 15 participated in the study. Participants filled out two tests of theory of mind skills, three empathy questionnaires and the pro-social orientation was determined by peer-nominated questionnaire. The results corroborated the idea that the higher the social understanding, the higher the pro-social orientation. Moreover, theory of mind predicted pro-social behaviour better than empathy. Girls outperformed boys in both empathy and mindreading measures. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.
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