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Atroponimija Russkogo Severa XVI–XVII vv. v social’nom i ètnolingvističeskom aspekte: Vologodskij uezd

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Komleva N. j. V.
Etnolingwistyka. Problemy Języka i Kultury
|
2006
|
vol. 18
199-208
PL
Tekst Antroponimia rosyjskiej Północy XVI–XVII wieku w aspekcie społecznym i etnolingwistycznym: powiat wołogodzki jest próbą rekonstrukcji fragmentu regionalnego językowego obrazu świata na podstawie nazw własnych: imion, nazwisk, przydomków i przezwisk, nadawanych ludziom z różnych warstw społecznych owego czasu. Badania pozwoliły ustalić obecność wyraźnej opozycji miasto – wieś i pokazały istotne różnice w wyobrażeniach o świecie mieszkańców miast i wsi powiatu wołogodzkiego XVI–XVII wieków.
EN
The article attempts to reconstruct a fragment of the regional linguistic worldview on the basis of proper names: the first names, family names and nicknames of people from various social strata of the time. A clear opposition between the city and the country has been identified, as well as significant differences between the worldviews of city- and country-dwellers in the 16th-17th century Vologodskii region.
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Nazewnictwo w najnowszej twórczości Malgorzaty Musierowicz

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Łuc I.
Onomastica
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2008-2009
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vol. 53
173–185
EN
The article presents naming levels in the prose creations of M. Musierowicz to the year 2001 and her three latest novels, continuing the cycle called „Jeżycjada”. The goal of the comparison was to formulate comments on the properties of authentic names — their equivalents and variants — and successive attempts to incorporate such names into literary communication. The presentation covers the operations, mechanisms, and creative-communicational literary strategies of the writer, both in regard to her choice of the onymic sphere and to making use of the functions of names (or of compilations of them).
3

ON SEVERAL FUNCTIONS OF PROPER NAMES IN RELIGIOUS DISCOURSE (ON THE MATERIAL OF 'PASTORAL LETTERS OF THE EPISCOPATE OF POLAND')

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Skowronek K.
Onomastica
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2003
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vol. 48
79-113
EN
The article is theoretically methodological and analytically empirical in nature. The theoretical section deals with the status of proper names in various types of discourse and in variations of style in Polish. It proposes combining onomastics with various branches of contemporary analysis of discourse, general linguistics, stylistics, and theories of text and literature. The author considers means of analyzing proper names on lexical, grammatical, textual, semantic-pragmatic, and functional levels. The empirical section is a corroboration of the methodological determinations. The author examines in what way proper names are used in pastoral letters of the episcopate of Poland (1945-1966), which are linguistic designations of specific objects and persons existing in Polish reality (such as: Warszawa, Jasna Gora, Polska, sw. Stanislaw, Henryk Sienkiewicz), and reveals various fragments of the accompanying extralinguistic context (historical and political). Analysis shows that proper names in the pastoral letters are an important element of their rhetoric, linguistic material constructing metaphors such as 'the history of Poland is the life of the people' or 'Poland is a child (a daughter)'. They also serve various stylizational practices (e.g., romantic, Biblical), and thereby the expression of philosophical, historico-physical, ethical, and social content (e.g., the idea of Messianism). Geographical names demarcate a symbolic 'cartography' of Poland, Europe, and the world. Personal names create a category of time, especially of the nation's past and future. Onyms are also sure designations of values and concepts, primarily of a Polonocentric Catholicism, which in turn is an element of dialog with Marxist ideological orientation.
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ON ANAPHORS LINKED TO NAMES USED METAPHORICALLY

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Corazza E., Genovesi C.
Organon F. medzinárodný časopis pre analytickú filozofiu
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2021
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vol. 28
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issue 1
253 – 268
EN
In their 2018 paper “On the Metaphoric Use of (Fictional) Proper Names”, Corazza & Genovesi explored what speakers do when they utter a fictional name in a metaphorical way to refer to actual individuals. The example given was “Odysseus returned home” referring to their friend Bill, who had returned after a long and hectic journey. With such an example in mind, Corazza & Genovesi claimed that speakers produce a metaphorical utterance where properties of Odysseus are mapped onto the referent that the speaker intends so that they refer to that person. That is to say, the name “Odysseus” somewhat ceases to be a proper name, and instead becomes something akin to a Donnellan’s referential use of descriptions, i.e. a description that successfully picks out an object of discourse even if the latter does not satisfy the descriptive content conveyed by the description. In our example Bill does not satisfy the property of being called “Odysseus”. In this paper, we connect the previous work by Corazza & Genovesi’s with anaphora, in particular with the use of anaphoric definite descriptions linked to a metaphorical use of a proper name. With fictional proper names in mind, we are interested in cases where speakers anaphorically refer to the actual referent. For example, we are interested in utterances of the sort “Odysseus returned home, he1 is hungry” or “Odysseus1 returned home, the/that brave soldier1 is hungry”, where “Odysseus” is metaphorically used to refer to the actual person, Bill, the individual the speaker has in mind. Such sentence leaves us wondering how the anaphoric pronoun or description simultaneously carries the content from the fictional subject, and refers to Bill. On a cursory analysis, anaphora forces the properties attributed to the actual referent (e.g., Bill) into the background, like pragmatic presupposition. In the cases of anaphoric complex demonstratives and definite descriptions, the speaker emphasizes, or makes salient the further implications shared between the fictional character (e.g., Odysseus) and the actual referent (e.g., Bill; and that Bill, like Odysseus, had a harrowing journey).
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Świat nazw własnych w Niemiecko-polskim słowniku Mrongowiusza cz. I, toponimia

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Nowowiejski B.
Białostockie Archiwum Językowe
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2012
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issue 12
165-182
EN
A purpose of the article is to present and characterize proper names registered in the German-Polish dictionary by Krzysztof Celestyn Mrongovius (1853/54) with particular consideration of toponyms, especially geographical names, choronyms and hydronyms. Rich and diversified onomastic material, adorned by frequently interesting and valuable remarks by Mrongovius, proves the lexicographer’s good knowledge of the then current as well historical geography, mostly European and Polish, including the lands that were the dearest to him: Pomerania, Warmia and Masuria. Comprehensive acumen of a profoundly and scrupulously educated European of the mid 19th century is confirmed here.
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Funkce vlastních jmen v literatuře a literární onomastika

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Dvořáková Ž.
Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)
|
2012
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vol. 73
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issue 3
194-208
EN
The first part of the article presents various approaches to the functions of proper names in literature and lists those which are most commonly encountered in literary onomastics. The primary theoretical point of departure is based on German (K. Gutschmidt, V. Birus, D. Lamping, F. Debus), Polish (A. Wilkoń) and Czech (M. Knappová, S. Pastyřík) scholarly works. The second, analytical, part of the article examines functions from two different perspectives: name – character – reader – author and name – text – literary context – cultural context. It argues that the functions should not be viewed in isolation, but rather, it is necessary to explore the ways in which they are interrelated, complement each other and work together. A single name can have multiple functions. The evaluation of these functions is always based on the relationship between the name and its bearer (literary figure) and is interpreted in the context of a particular work. Names are understood as a part of the onymic system of the work (the so-called “name landscape”) and as an element of the overall construction of the artistic text. Although it is thus far just a note, not a comprehensive concept, the article aims to contribute to the debate on functions.
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PROPER NAMES AND APOSTERIORITY OF IDENTITY STATEMENTS

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Cmorej P.
Organon F. medzinárodný časopis pre analytickú filozofiu
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2006
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vol. 13
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issue 4
481-494
EN
The author of the article seeks to find an answer to the question whether it is possible to determine a priori the truth value of the statement 'M = N' where 'M' and 'N' are proper names of the same particular. He analyses the argumentation of the conception defending the positive answer to the question and tries to present arguments in favor of the opposite view. Let us suppose that the individual 'I' is named by 'M' at time 't1' and by 'N' at time 't2'. If the individual changes considerably during the interval (t1, t2) or presents us from quite different sides at 't1' and 't2', respectively (e.g., as a mountain seen from different sides at the respective time moments), we will be unable to find out a priori, without certain empirical knowledge, whether 'M = N', although there were any doubts about the identity of the baptized individual neither at 't1' nor at 't2'.
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Nazwy własne w ponowoczesnych tekstach reklamowych

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Łuc I.
Białostockie Archiwum Językowe
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2013
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issue 13
187-202
EN
The article discusses the problem of place, role, meaning and functions of proper names in post-modern advertising texts. The description and analysis proposed herein concern anthroponyms and geonyms. The presentation ofthe material for analysis, taken from the mass media in the years from 2010–2013, was divided into three thematic groups: 1) authentic anthroponyms in the advertising text; 2) non-authentic anthroponyms (artificial names invented by copywriters) as a persuasive advertising component; 3) geonyms in the consumerist communications space. The issues discussed have been divided into problem categories in order to present the material for analysis more clearly, and to highlight the complexity of this process. The problematic aspects have been described within the context of post-modern changes in the identity of language and communication.
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ONOMASTICKÉ VÝSKUMY V ČASOPISE SLOVENSKÁ REČ

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Hladký J., Valentová I.
Slovenská reč (Slovak Language)
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2022
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vol. 87
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issue 3
307 – 342
EN
Onomastics as an independent linguistic discipline was also formed and developed through studies, articles and comments on current orthographic problems of proper names by Slovak linguists and onomasticians in the Slovenská reč journal. In this article, we have tried to show this development at least partially. We have focused on the solution of theoretical, methodological, etymological and orthographic issues in the research of proper names. We have characterized the works dealing with analyses of onymic lexis and containing synthesizing results of these analyses within the framework of individual onomastic branches, basic types of proper names and thematic areas. We compared the proposed solutions to the problematic phenomena discussed within the state of the art and its results at present.
10
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Nazwy własne a lokalizacja gier elektronicznych fantasy - o potrzebie przekładu oraz wybranych tendencjach w tłumaczeniu gier anglojęzycznych na rynek polski i niemiecki

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Inglot K.
Homo Ludens
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2013
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issue 1(5)
73-82
EN
The article concerns localization of electronic fantasy games with special attention to proper names. The paper touches upon the role and tasks of a game localizer and briefly analyzes the process of developing and translating a fantasy game, its setting and its culture. Trends in game localization on the Polish and German market are also explored and exemplified. The aim of the paper is to demonstrate the necessity to localize invented proper names in electronic fantasy games.
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K NIEKTORÝM SÉMANTICKÝM A KOGNITÍVNYM ASPEKTOM VLASTNÝCH MIEN

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Zouhar M.
Filozofia (Philosophy)
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2006
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vol. 61
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issue 4
265-280
EN
The paper deals with the understanding of proper names. Though the theme goes across various disciplines - e.g. semantics, epistemology, psychology - the paper examines only selected semantic and cognitive aspects of the problem. The question runs: How should we comprehend the thesis of understanding a proper name as knowing what the name refers to? What kind of knowledge is involved here? The question is posed within the direct reference theory framework enriched by the notion of singular proposition and the compositionality principle. The distinction between an expression and an utterance of it is accepted and the original question is split up accordingly. As for expressions (as ideal signs), to understand a proper name is to grasp a meaning axiom along the lines of D. Davidson and J. McDowell. As for utterances of expressions, to understand an utterance of a proper name is to know a piece of information concerning the referent of the name; ideally, it is a fact that can be expressed by an identity statement claiming that the referent of the name under discussion is identical with the individual about which the speaker has a mental file at her disposal.
12

INDEFINITE DESCRIPTIONS AS REFERRING TERMS

100%
Barker S.
Organon F. medzinárodný časopis pre analytickú filozofiu
|
2009
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vol. 16
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issue 4
587-614
EN
The author argues that indefinite descriptions are referring terms. This is not the ambiguity thesis: that sometimes they are referring terms and sometimes something else, such as quantifiers (as argued by Chastain and recently Devitt). On his view they are always referring terms; and never quantifiers. The author defends this thesis by modifying the standard conception of what a referring term is: a modification that needs to be made anyway, irrespective of the treatment of indefinites. He derives this approach from his speech-act theoretic semantics (2004). The basic thought is that referring terms have as their meanings speech-acts of a certain kind called proto-referring acts. These are acts in which speakers advertise or present intentions to denote, where denotation is a word-world relation, and advertising an intention is acting as if one has intentions, where it is open whether one has them or not, or whether the referring term used denotes or not. The author shows how this works for proper names. The meaning of a proper name is the speech-act proto-referring act type defined by a certain referential tree. This gives us the basis for an account of proper name meaning irrespective of denotation: a uniform treatment of full and empty names. Applied to indefinites, we can capture cases where speakers perform proto-acts - in which they advertise an intention to denote something - where they intend to denote, but others where they do not, but they still perform the proto-act: advertising an intention to denote.
13

PROPER NAMES IN REFERENCE: BEYOND SEARLE AND KRIPKE

100%
Novotny D. D.
Organon F. medzinárodný časopis pre analytickú filozofiu
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2005
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vol. 12
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issue 3
241-259
EN
Two basic answers have been given to the question whether proper names have meaning, the 'negative' by Mill and later developed by Kripke and the 'affirmative' by Frege and later developed by Searle. My aim is to integrate the two apparently irreconcilable theories by distinguishing the two aspects of the issue. I claim that, roughly speaking, whereas Kripke's 'No Sense View' provides a good answer to the question, 'How are proper names linked to their re-ferents?', Searle's 'Sense View' provides a good account of the issue 'What do we do when we use a proper name?'. Furthermore, I claim that the speakers attend to the referent of the proper name 'both' in virtue of Kripkean chain of communication 'and' in virtue of Searlian occasion-relative sense. Ordinarily, the chain of communication and the Searlian sense yield the same result, i.e. lead to the same referent. In cases of conflict, which are very rare, my intuition sides with the former against the latter. It would seem, therefore, that the only necessary and sufficient condition for a successful reference with a proper name is the existence of the Kripkean chain which links it with its referent.
14

Konieczność i nazywanie

100%
: S. W.
Kwartalnik Filozoficzny
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2012
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vol. 40
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issue 4
11 - 24
EN
The article refers directly to Saul Kripke’s well-known work Naming and Necessity and it presents reflections on issues discussed in the book in question that are usually considered in logic courses offered to students of philosophy. The particular subject of reflection is the claim that any identity between proper names, if it holds, must be necessary. An attempt is made to explain how, in this context, one can understand necessity, the role of proper names, and what is involved in the relationship of identity, because the Kripke’s proposals are not always based on a definitive refutation of objections raised by opponents of his solutions.
15

Klasifikace honorifikačních toponym

100%
David J.
Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)
|
2011
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vol. 72
|
issue 1
13-27
EN
The article focuses on the subject of classification of commemorative place names. The main purpose of the research is to show the relation between the motivation for the place name and its linguistic form, i.e. the toponymic models and particular formants used to create a place name. The specificity of commemorative place names is illustrated on the one hand through the use of traditional toponymic models and formants and on the other hand through their motivation. Not only personal names, but also place names and chrematonyms appear in the bases of commemorative place names. This issue is illustrated using Czech place names and their development in the context of the Central European countries and the Soviet Union (and later, the Russian Federation) during the 20th century.
16

WITKACY'S VISION OF THE WORLD IN THE PROPER NAMES OF HIS NOVELS (Wizja swiata Witkacego w nazwach wlasnych jego powiesci)

100%
Dudek P.
Onomastica
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2007
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vol. 52
267-283
EN
The article is an attempt at reconstructing a world-view on the basis of the proper names contained in the novels of Stanislaw Ignacy Witkiewicz (Witkacy) 'Pozegnanie jesieni' (Farewell to Autumn), '622 upadki Bunga' (The 622 Downfalls of Bungo), 'Nienasycenie' (Insatiability), 'Jedyne wyjscie' (The Only Way Out). Analyzing onyms used by Witkacy in his prosaistic composition and comparing them with his outlook on life produces a cohesive vision of the world. Proper names in Witkacy's novels are an expression of the author's relationship with the reality surrounding him, and are full of irony, burlesque, and absurdity. They comprise a unique material with which the artist plays and with the help of which he plays a game with the reader.
17

NA HRANICI VLASTNÝCH MIEN A DRUHOVÝCH OZNAČENÍ: SÉMANTICKÉ, PRAVOPISNÉ A PRÁVNE ASPEKTY POUŽÍVANIA SLOVENSKÝCH NÁZVOV OLYMPIJSKÝCH PODUJATÍ

88%
Mikušiak M.
Slovenská reč (Slovak Language)
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2022
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vol. 87
|
issue 2
89 – 110
EN
The paper deals with the Slovak names referring to the Olympic Games that appear to be, in a sense, borderline cases between proper names and generic terms. The study focuses on semantic and spelling aspects of these names, but also on legal restrictions imposed on the use of the term “olympiáda” (Olympics/Olympiad), so the analysis goes beyond the traditional semantics and partly falls within the field of applied linguistics focusing on language and law. The paper shows that despite the latest proposal the Slovak spelling system cannot be consistently based on the principle of “completeness” of the name. Secondly, it is argued that spelling variants “olympiáda/ Olympiáda and olympijské hry/Olympijské hry” should be accepted in written Slovak. Finally, the study clarifies the special status of the word “olympiáda” as quasi-trademark, resulting from the legislative protection of the Olympic symbolism.
18

FICTIONAL TELLERS A RADICAL FICTIONALIST SEMANTICS FOR FICTIONAL DISCOURSE

88%
Predelli S.
Organon F. medzinárodný časopis pre analytickú filozofiu
|
2021
|
vol. 28
|
issue 1
76 – 106
EN
This essay proposes dissolution of the so-called ‘semantic problem of fictional names’ by arguing that fictional names are only fictionally proper names. The ensuing idea that fictional texts do not encode propositional content is accompanied by an explanation of the contentful effects of fiction grounded on the idea of impartation. After some preliminaries about (referring and empty) genuine proper names, this essay explains how a fiction’s content may be conveyed by virtue of the fictional impartations provided by a fictional teller. This idea is in turn developed with respect to homodiegetic narratives such as Doyle’s Holmes stories and to heterodiegetic narratives such as Jane Austen’s Emma. The last parts of the essay apply this apparatus to cases of so-called ‘talk about fiction’, as in our commentaries about those stories and that novel.
19

ABOUT THE WAYS OF CREATION OF THE PROPER NAMES (O sposoboch tvorenia vlastnych mien)

88%
Olostiak M.
Slovenská reč (Slovak Language)
|
2010
|
vol. 75
|
issue 4-5
209-224
EN
The problem of creation of the proper names is one of the most central topics in onomastics. The typology introduced in the paper is based on a theory of lexical motivation and takes into account two basic aspects: a) a motivating element, b) relation between a motivating element and a motivated element (proper name). The typology is done in several degrees predominantly on the basis of the feature - origin of a motivating element, three categories are distinguished: intra-lingual, inter-lingual and combined intra-lingual-inter-lingual nominations. Furthermore, a detailed analysis is provided within the framework of intra-lingual nominations (there are three categories: de-appellative, de-onymic and combined de-appellative-de-onymic nominations).
20

'THE REFERENTIAL' AND 'THE ATTRIBUTIVE': TWO DISTINCTION FOR THE PRICE OF ONE

88%
Inan I.
Organon F. medzinárodný časopis pre analytickú filozofiu
|
2006
|
vol. 13
|
issue 2
137-160
EN
There are two sorts of singular terms for which we have difficulty applying Donnellan's referential/attributive distinction: complex definite descriptions, and proper names. With respect to the uses of such terms in certain contexts we seem to have conflicting intuitions as to whether they should be classified as referential or attributive. The problem concerning how to apply Donnellan's distinction to the uses of certain complex definite descriptions has never been debated in the literature. On the other hand there have been attempts to extend Donnellan's distinction to the uses of proper names, the most popular one being due to Kripke. However the argument Kripke gives to this end in his 'Speaker's Reference and Semantic Reference' seems to be inconsistent with the position he takes in 'Naming and Necessity'. I suggest that the reason we seem to have conflicting intuitions with respect to the uses of such terms, is because there is not one but two separate distinctions inherent in Donnellan's examples; a pragmatic distinction based on the speaker's intentions in using a term (captured by Kripke), and an epistemic one based on the notion of 'having an object in mind'. In the light of this, I argue that the issue of whether there are attributive uses of proper names, in the latter sense, relates to the epistemic problem of whether a speaker can have 'de re' attitudes toward an object that he does not have in mind. On this epistemic issue Kripke and Donnellan are on opposite sides as revealed by their debate over the issue of whether there are contingent 'a priori' propositions.
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