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Psychologia Społeczna
|
2008
|
vol. 3
|
issue 4(9)
309-312
EN
The main goal of the commentary is to understand and evaluate the authors’ motives hidden behind their publication of the text on psycho-business in the Polish popular magazine “Charaktery”. The text, in fact a controversial provocation, may be evaluated in terms of competence and morality. While trying to understand Witkowski’s and Fortuna’s motives underlying the provocation, I also encourage the Authors to work towards improvement of Polish law concerning psychotherapy.
Psychologia Społeczna
|
2008
|
vol. 3
|
issue 4(9)
345-348
EN
The objective of this commentary is to critically evaluate the article by Tomasz Witkowski and Pawel Fortuna. While I recognize the importance of some issues raised by the authors I point, however, to irregularities in coming to conclusions and to existing – in my opinion – defects in their process of seeking evidence.
EN
In this commentary I argue that the Author of the provocation showed moral courage, however he did not escape the sin of over-generalization in evaluating reactions of the academic community to the provocation. The observed lack of unambiguous support to the Author’s effort may be explained in a number of ways. First, psychotherapy tends to be perceived as not scientific, due to its tradition, the way it is practiced, and the prevalent optimistic bias as to its effects. Second, forces of a free market create demand for the pseudoscientific practices that promise improvement of life quality. Third, the deep irrationality as revealed in a general acceptance of beliefs that contradict scientific knowledge may lead to higher tolerance of pseudoscientific concepts.
EN
The article deals with the relationship between academic psychology, pseudoscience and psycho-business. The first part discusses possible methods of eliminating pseudoscience. Described is the first Author’s provocation carried out in 2007 in the popular science journal “Charaktery”. Its main purpose was to demonstrate that it is possible for pseudoscience to be judged credible by journal editors and its readers. In the next step, reactions of the academic community to the provocation were classified and analyzed. Four basic strategies were described: ignorance, playing down, reorientation, and exploitation. In the further parts of the article there are presented results of a short study in which a group of students was asked to judge how credible and how interesting the therapy described in the provocation was. In readers’ opinions the text was credible. Based on these results the authors conclude that it is relatively easy to introduce a new fake therapy into everyday practice. The authors believe that the indifferent attitude of the psychological community may play a crucial role in this process.
EN
The article is an answer to the commentaries on our article On psycho-business, tolerance and responsibility, or strategies of pure scientists. In the first part we summarize and comment upon the few proposals that have been made of how to counteract pseudoscience and psycho-business. In the next part we express our doubts as to the role and tasks of science that have been described by participants in the discussion. An analysis of the so-called junk science produced by the scientific community is presented in justification of our doubts. The subsequent part of the article is devoted to controversies related to differences in understanding of the concepts of pseudoscience, quasi-science and proto-science by the authors of the commentaries. We also analyzed the legal aspect of the provocation and discussed the issue of responsibility for its results, as well as answered the criticisms re: the placebo effect, limiting of the discussion solely to the area of psychotherapy, and the methodology of the research presented in the original article. A part of our article was devoted to answering some individual accusations and doubts expressed by the authors of the discussion. In summary, two points of view were juxtaposed. On the one hand the picture that emerges from the opinions shared by participants of the discussion is that threats presented in the original article were exaggerated and pseudoscience is difficult to define and control. In answer to this point of view, we presented facts that testify to the presence of pseudoscience in many high education institutions as well as in official curricula.
EN
The rhetoric of the truth made visible: the art of performance This paper is focused on the phenomenon of the art of performance and happening, in particular by Allan Kaprow, as well as the forms of self- torture in the art of Chris Burden and Günter Brus. In their expression, performance is sincerity, the moment of truth, bringing out to light what, by the immersion in the stream of life, could remain undiscovered and veiled. The rhetoric of truth in this art is presented, inter alia, in the con- text of Heidegger’s statements on the essence of art and the function of the process. Performance is a peculiar, modern form of aestheticism, challenging time and the temporary dimension of existence, the limita- tions of one’s body and the psyche. In this way, the madness of this art comes close to the experience, which Kant describes as the sublime. The form of self-torture in this art discloses the need to escape from the suf- fering inflicted by being and the Self’s escape from itself in the philoso- phy of Emmanuel Levinas.
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